Ibhola ngumdlalo othandwa kakhulu emhlabeni. Ngaphezulu kwekhulu nesigamu ukhona, lo mdlalo usuphenduke ipiramidi enamandla, enamakhulu ezigidi zabantu. Isisekelo saleli phiramidi elicatshangwayo sakhiwe ngabadlali abayizimfundamakhwela, kusukela ezinganeni ezikhahlela ibhola endaweni engenamuntu kuya emadodeni ahloniphekile adlala ibhola kaningana ngesonto kusihlwa. Phezulu kwepiramidi yebhola kukhona ochwepheshe abanezinkontileka zabo zezigidi eziningi kanye nendlela yokuphila ehambelana nalezo zinkontileka.
Umbhoshongo webhola unamazinga amaningi aphakathi nendawo, ngaphandle kwawo awucabangeki. Omunye wabo ngabalandeli, kwesinye isikhathi ababhala amakhasi abo emlandweni webhola. Abasebenza nabo badlala indima ebholeni, beza nemithetho emisha nokucacisa imithetho emidala. Kwesinye isikhathi abantu bangaphandle nabo baneqhaza ekuthuthukisweni kwebhola. Ngakho-ke, unjiniyela uJohn Alexander Brody, owadonselwa ebholeni ngabangani, wamangazwa izingxabano zokuthi ibhola lishaya igoli noma cha. "Kungani ungayilengisi inethi?" wacabanga, futhi kusukela lapho ngisho nezinga lamanetha egoli likanobhutshuzwayo - amafindo angama-25,000 - abizwa ngeBrody.
Futhi emlandweni webhola kusenamaqiniso amaningi ahlekisayo, athinta inhliziyo, afundisayo futhi adabukisayo.
1. NgoNovemba 2007, i-Inter Milan yafika edolobheni laseNgilandi iSheffield noMarco Materazzi noMario Balotelli ohlwini. Ngokuphakama kwesizini yebhola laseYurophu, leli cala lilincane, kepha iklabhu lase-Italy alizanga eFoggy Albion ukuzobamba iqhaza emdlalweni weChampions League noma i-UEFA Cup ngaleso sikhathi. I-Inter ize nomdlalo wobungani wokuhlonipha iminyaka engu-150 yeqembu lebhola elidala kunawo wonke emhlabeni - iSheffield FC. Le kilabhu yasungulwa ngo-1857 futhi ayikaze ibe ngumpetha weNgilandi. Kodwa-ke, emdlalweni omkhulu. iphele ngama-2: 5, ehanjelwe yinkosi yebhola uPele nezinkanyezi eziningi zalo mdlalo osezingeni eliphansi.
2. Onozinti bebhola abalitholanga ngokushesha ilungelo lokudlala ngezandla zabo. Emithethweni yokuqala yebhola, kwakungakhulunywa nonozinti nhlobo. Ngo-1870, onozinti babekhethwa ngendima ehlukile futhi bavunyelwe ukuthinta ibhola ngezandla ngaphakathi kwendawo yegoli. Futhi kuphela ngo-1912, uhlelo olusha lwemithetho lwaluvumela onozinti ukuthi badlale ngezandla zabo kuyo yonke indawo yenhlawulo.
3. Emdlalweni walo wokuqala osemthethweni, iqembu lebhola laseRussia lahlangana kuma-Olimpiki ka-1912 neqembu lesizwe laseFinland. IFinland ngaleso sikhathi yayiyingxenye yoMbuso WaseRussia, kepha umbuso wamakholoni kuwo wawukhululeke kakhulu, futhi abaseFinland babelithola kalula ilungelo lokuncintisana eMidlalweni Yama-Olympic ngaphansi kwefulegi labo. Iqembu lesizwe laseRussia lihlulwe ngamaphuzu ayi-1: 2. Igoli elinqumayo latholwa, ngokusho kwempahla yabezindaba ngaleso sikhathi, ngumoya - "waqhumisa" ibhola elalindiza lidlula kubo. Ngeshwa, "uhlelo oludumile lwama-Olimpiki" aluzange lusetshenziswe ngaleso sikhathi, futhi iqembu laseRussia alizange ligoduke ngemuva kokwehlulwa kokuqala. Emdlalweni wesibili, abadlali bebhola baseRussia bahlangane neqembu laseGerman futhi bahlulwa ngamaphuzu acindezelayo ka-0: 16.
4. Ngo-Ephreli 28, 1923, eWembley Stadium entsha sha eLondon, umdlalo wokugcina we-FA Cup (igama elisemthethweni le-FA Cup) phakathi kweBolton neWest Ham wenzeka. Ngonyaka odlule, izibukeli ezingaphezudlwana kuka-50 000 zeza eStamford Bridge zizodlala umdlalo ofanayo. Abahleli bamanqamu ka-1923 besaba ukuthi iWembley ka-120,000 ngeke igcwale. Uvalo lwalungelutho. Angaphezulu kuka-126 000 amathikithi athengisiwe. Inani elingaziwa labalandeli - izinkulungwane ezimbalwa - lingene enkundleni lingenawo amathikithi. Kumele sihloniphe amaphoyisa aseLondon - "oobhishobhi" abazamanga ukwenza ngokhahlo, kepha baqondisa imifudlana yabantu. Lapho izitendi zigcwele, amaphoyisa aqala ukuvumela izibukeli ukuba zingene emzileni wokugijima nangaphandle kwamasango. Vele, izixuku zababukeli ezazizungeze inkundla yebhola azange zibe nomthelela ekududuzeni kwabadlali. Kepha ngakolunye uhlangothi. engxenyeni yekhulu leminyaka, ukungenzi lutho noma isenzo esingalungile sezikhulu zomthetho kuzoholela ezinhlekeleleni eziningi ezinkulu ezinenqwaba yezisulu. Umdlalo wamanqamu we-1923 Football Association Cup uphele ngaphandle kokulimala, ngaphandle kwabadlali beWest Ham. UBolton uwine lo mdlalo ngo 2-0 kanti womabili amagoli abesekelwa yizethameli. Endabeni yegoli lokuqala, abavumanga umdlali wasemuva, obevele ephonse inkundla, kwathi esiqeshini ngegoli lesibili, ibhola landizela egoli lisuka kumlandeli owayemi eduze nepali.
5. Kuze kwaba unyaka we-1875 yayingekho i-crossbar egoli lebhola - indima yalo yayidlalwa ngentambo eyelulwe phakathi kwemigoqo. Kubukeka sengathi iyayiqeda impikiswano yokuthi ibhola lindizele ngaphansi kwentambo, liyiphonse, noma ngentambo, liyigobele phansi. Kepha kwaba ubukhona besiphambano esiqinile esidale impikiswano eshubile cishe eminyakeni eyikhulu kamuva. Emdlalweni wokugcina weNdebe yoMhlaba yowe-1966, iNgilandi - iJalimane, ngesilinganiso esingu-2: 2, ibhola lehla lisuka esiphambanweni ngemuva kokushaya umgadli wamaNgisi uJeff Hirst. Unompempe wolayini ovela e-USSR uTofik Bahramov utshele unompempe omkhulu uGottfried Dienst ukuthi ibhola liwele umugqa wamagoli. UDienst ushaye igoli, kwathi abaseBrithani, ababuye bathola elinye igoli, bagubha ukunqoba kwabo kuphela emiqhudelwaneni yebhola lomhlaba kuze kube manje. Kodwa-ke, izingxabano mayelana nokuba semthethweni kwesinqumo somlamuli waseJalimane azipheli kuze kube manje. Amavidiyo asindile awasizi ukunikeza impendulo engaqondakali, noma kunjalo, bekungekho mgomo kuleso siqephu. Noma kunjalo, i-crossbar isize abaseBrithani ukuthi banqobe isicoco sobuqhawe.
6. Ukufaneleka okuyinhloko komqeqeshi ovelele waseGerman uSepp Gerberger kuvame ukubizwa ngokunqoba kweqembu lesizwe laseJalimane eNdebeni yoMhlaba ka-1954. Kodwa-ke, isihloko sidlula indlela entsha kaGerberger emsebenzini wakhe. Wayehlala ehambela amanye amadolobha namazwe eyobheka izimbangi zakhe zesikhathi esizayo - kuze kube nguGerberger, akekho noyedwa kubaqeqeshi owenza lokhu. Futhi, njengengxenye yokulungiselela iqembu lesizwe lomdlalo noma lomqhudelwano, umqeqeshi wahamba waya ezindaweni zokuncintisana kusengaphambili futhi akazange ahlole kuphela izinkundla lapho imidlalo yayibanjelwe khona, kodwa futhi namahhotela lapho iqembu lesizwe laseJalimane lizohlala khona, nezindawo zokudlela lapho abadlali bazodlela khona. Maphakathi nekhulu lamashumi amabili, le ndlela yayiyizinguquko futhi yanikeza uGerberger onqenqemeni lwabalingani bakhe.
7. Hhayi imfashini kuphela engaphansi kokujikeleza, kepha futhi namaqhinga ebhola. manje amakilabhu ahamba phambili namaqembu esizwe afola abadlali bawo abavikela, enza abadlali abaphikisayo babe sesikhundleni se-offside. Le ndlela yindlela ukuzivikela okwakubukeka ngayo kusukela ekwethulweni kwebhola kuya ngawo-1930. Futhi-ke umqeqeshi wase-Austrian, owasebenza iminyaka eminingi eSwitzerland, uKarl Rappan, wasungula inqubo kamuva eyabizwa nge- “Rappan's Castle”. Ingqikithi yale ndlela yayilula, njengakho konke okuhle. Umqeqeshi ophayona wabeka omunye wabavikeli eduze kwegoli lakhe. Ngakho-ke, iqembu lalinohlobo lwesigaba sesibili sokuzivikela - umvikeli ongemuva wahlanzeka amaphutha ezokuvikela umyalo. Baqala ukumbiza "ngokuhlanza" noma "libero". Ngaphezu kwalokho. umvikeli onjalo futhi angaba ngumthombo obalulekile wokuhlasela, oxhuma ekuhlaselweni kweqembu lakhe. Isikimu "sokuhlanza", empeleni, besingafanele, kepha sisebenze kahle ebholeni lomhlaba isikhathi esingaphezu kwengxenye yekhulu leminyaka.
8. Manje sekunzima ukukholwa, kodwa ebholeni lethu bekunezikhathi lapho umqeqeshi weqembu lesizwe axoshwa khona ngokuthatha indawo yesibili kwi-European Championship. Ngemuva kokuwina umqhudelwano wokuqala onjalo ngo-1960, iqembu lesizwe lase-USSR kwakulindeleke ukuthi liphindaphinde impumelelo yalo eminyakeni emi-4 kamuva. Iqembu lesizwe lenze ngempumelelo, kodwa kowamanqamu lahlulwa yiqembu laseSpain ngama-1: 2. Ngenxa yalokhu "ukwehluleka" umqeqeshi uKonstantin Beskov waxoshwa. Kwakukhona, noma kunjalo, amahemuhemu okuthi uKonstantin Ivanovich waxoshwa hhayi endaweni yesibili, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi ekugcineni iqembu lesizwe laseSoviet Union lahlulwa yiqembu le "Francoist" Spain.
9. IChampions League yanamuhla akuyona neze into yokuqala eyenziwe yi-European Union of Football Associations (UEFA). Emuva ngo-1927, eVenice, abaphathi bebhola abavela emazweni ahlukene bavuma ukubamba umqhudelwano ngegama elingahlonipheki kakhulu leNdebe yeMitropa (efushaniswe ukusuka kuMittel Europa - "Central Europe"). Indebe ibidlalwa ngamakilabhu anamandla kunawo wonke amazwe abebambe iqhaza, obekungadingeki ukuthi abe ngompetha bawo. Ngokufika kwemiqhudelwano ye-UEFA, intshisekelo kuMitropa Cup yehlile ngokuqinile, kwathi ngonyaka we-1992 kwaba nomdwebo wayo wokugcina. Kodwa-ke, phakathi kwabanikazi bokugcina bokushona kwenkomishi kukhona amakilabhu anjenge-Italian "Udinese", "Bari" ne "Pisa".
10. Omunye wabaqeqeshi abanesihloko esikhulu emhlabeni, umFulentshi uHelenio Herrera kwakufanele, ukusho ngomoya ophansi, umlingiswa oyingqayizivele. isibonelo, isiko lakhe lokulungiselela ukufanisa igumbi lokugqoka lalibandakanya abadlali abafunga ukufeza yonke imiyalo yakhe. Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi uHerrera uqeqeshe amakilabhu avela eSpain nase-Italy amakhulu kakhulu, isisusa sesifungo sibukeka singabazisayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokomsebenzi, uHerrera wayengenasici nhlobo. Amakilabhu awagijimayo anqobe izicoco zikazwelonke eziyisikhombisa, izinkomishi ezintathu zikazwelonke, neqoqo eliphelele lezinkomishi zomhlaba, okubandakanya ne-Intercontinental. Futhi uHerrera waba ngumqeqeshi wokuqala ukuqoqa umdlali ezansi ngosuku olwandulela imidlalo ebalulekile.
11. Umqeqeshi wase-Austrian uMax Merkel waqanjwa ngegama ngabadlali bebhola kanye nezintatheli ngokuthi “umqeqeshi”. Leli gama elilodwa lichaza ngokunembile izindlela zomsebenzi wochwepheshe. Kodwa-ke, kunzima ukulindela ubumnene obukhulu kumqeqeshi owakhulela eJalimane lamaNazi futhi wadlalela iqembu lesizwe laseLuftwaffe. Kwesinye isikhathi uMerkel uphumelele. Ngo “Munich” kanye no “Nuremberg” wawina iBundesliga yaseGerman, kwathi i- “Atletico Madrid” yaba yingqwele yaseSpain. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yezindlela zokuqeqeshelwa ubudlabha nolimi njalo ngaphambi komcabango, akahlalanga ndawo isikhathi eside. Akumangalisi ukuthi ngubani othanda ukusebenzisana nama-SS nomuntu othi iSpain ibingaba izwe elihle uma bekungekhona abantu baseSpain abaningi kangaka. Futhi mayelana nelinye lamadolobha aseJalimane, uMerkel uthe okungcono kakhulu. okukuwo umgwaqo omkhulu oya eMunich.
12. UJoe Fagan waba ngumqeqeshi wokuqala eNgilandi ukunqoba izindebe ezintathu ngesizini eyodwa. Ngo-1984, iLiverpool eyayiholwa nguye yadla ubhedu lwendebe yeligi, yaba ngumnqobi wobuqhawe bukazwelonke futhi yanqoba neChampions Cup. NgoMeyi 29, 1985, ngaphambi kokuqala komdlalo wokugcina weChampions Cup ne-Italian "Juventus", ebanjelwe enhlokodolobha yaseBelgium iBrussels, uFagan ubonge abadlali ngomsebenzi wabo wamemezela nokuthi usethathe umhlalaphansi. Kodwa-ke, abadlali be "Liverpool" abakwazanga ukumnika isipho sokuvalelisa ngesimo seChampions Cup yesibili kumasizini amabili. Futhi umqeqeshi wayengeke ajabule ngokunqoba. Sekusele ihora kuqale umdlalo, abalandeli beNgilandi baqhuba isibhicongo esasichitha igazi eHeysel Stadium, lapho kwashona khona abantu abangama-39 kwalimala namakhulu. IJuventus iwine mhlawumbe owamanqamu ongenanjongo emlandweni wekilabhu laseYurophu ngo-1-0. Umdlalo wokuvalelisa kaFagan waba ngumdlalo wokuvalelisa kuwo wonke amakilabhu aseNgilandi - ngemuva kwenhlekelele yaseBrussels, bamiswa iminyaka emihlanu, okwaba negalelo elinamandla ebholeni laseNgilandi.
13. NgoNovemba 1945, uhambo lomlando lweMoscow "Dynamo" eGreat Britain lwenzeka. Naphezu komusa ojwayelekile kubantu baseSoviet, emkhakheni webhola, abaseBrithani basazibheka njengabantu basezulwini futhi abalindelanga ukumelana okuqinile nabantu baseRussia abangaqondakali. Iqembu lesizwe lase-USSR alizange libambe iqhaza emincintiswaneni yomhlaba, imiqhudelwano yamakilabhu yaseYurophu ibingakabi khona, futhi amakilabhu aseSoviet adlale imidlalo yobungani kuphela nozakwabo abavela emazweni asondelene ngokomqondo. Ngakho-ke, uhambo lweDynamo seluwuhlobo lwewindi oluya eYurophu. Sekukonke, kuphumelele. “IDynamo”, iqiniswe ngabadlali bezempi uVsevolod Bobrov noKonstantin Beskov, iwine imidlalo emibili yadlala ngokulingana kwemibili. Okuhlabe umxhwele kakhulu ukunqoba kweLondon “Arsenal” ngamaphuzu angu-4: 3. Umdlalo wenziwe ngenkungu esindayo. AbaseBrithani nabo baqinise isikwati sabo ngabadlali abavela kwamanye amaqembu. UBobrov wavula amaphuzu, kepha abaseBrithani bathatha lolu hlelo baholela ekhefini 3: 2. Esiwombeni sesibili, “iDynamo” ilinganise amaphuzu, yabe isihola phambili. UBeskov usebenzise inqubo yasekuqaleni - ngenkathi ephethe ibhola, wagijimela eceleni, washiya ibhola linganyakazi. Umvikeli wajeqeza ngemuva komgadli weSoviet, wakhulula umzila wesiteleka. UBobrov usebenzise lo mbono waletha iDynamo phambili. Umvuthwandaba womdlalo ufike cishe imizuzu emihlanu ngaphambi kwempempe yokugcina. UVadim Sinyavsky, obephawula ngomdlalo wabalaleli bomsakazo waseSoviet, ukhumbule ukuthi inkungu isibe namandla kangangokuba, noma ephuma nombhobho emaphethelweni enkundla, ubona kuphela abadlali abaseduze kwakhe. Lapho kuseduze kwamasango e- "Dynamo" kwakukhona uhlobo oluthile lwesiphithiphithi, noma kusuka ekuphenduleni kwezitendi kwakungacaci ukuthi kwenzekeni - kungaba yigoli, noma u-Aleksey Khomich, owayekhanya ngaleso sikhathi, wakwenza lokho. USinyavsky kwadingeka afihle umbhobho bese ethola kuMikhail Semichastny, owayesebonile, ukuthi kwenzekeni. Umemeze: "UHoma uthathe!" Futhi uSinyavsky wasakaza umucu omude wokuthi u-Aleksey Khomich ulikhiphe kanjani ibhola ekhoneni eliphezulu kwesokudla ngokuphonsa okumangalisayo. Ngemuva komdlalo, kwavela ukuthi uSinyavsky wakusho konke ngokufanele - u-Khomich walishaya ngempela ibhola endizela kwesokudla "kwabayisishiyagalolunye" futhi wathola ukuthokozela okumile kubalandeli bamaNgisi.
14. Umdlalo webhola, ngenxa yokusakazwa u-Ivan Sergeevich Gruzdev wacishe wawela ngaphansi kwethimba labadubuli ochungechungeni oludumile lwethelevishini oluthi “Indawo Yomhlangano Ayikwazi Ukuguqulwa,” lwenzeka ngoJulayi 22, 1945. Kule filimu, njengoba wazi, omunye wofakazi ukhumbula ukuthi wabona uGruzdev, indima yakhe edlalwa nguSergei Yursky, ngesikhathi lapho imashi yebhola likaMatvey Blanter idlala khona emsakazweni - ukusakazwa kwemidlalo kwaqala futhi kwaphela naye. Usosayensi we-Forensic uGrisha “six by nine” wasikisela ngokushesha ukuthi “iDynamo” neCDKA badlala, kwathi “eyethu” (“iDynamo” kwakuyiqembu loMnyango Wezangaphakathi) yazuza u-3: 1. Umlingiswa onemibala kaLev Perfilov uze asho nokuthi bekufanele ngabe kukhona igoli lesine, kepha "... inhlawulo ehlanzekile ...", ngokusobala, ayizange inikezwe. Ababhali befilimu, abazalwane bakwaWeiner, kungenzeka ukuthi bathembele kwimemori yabo ekuchazeni lesi siqephu, kepha benza izizathu ezimbalwa (ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-30 kwase kudlule ngesikhathi ifilimu iqoshwa) ukungalungi. Indawo yomhlangano iqala ngo-Agasti 1945 - umdlalo wenzeke okungenani isonto ngaphambi kokubulawa kukaLarisa Gruzdeva. Futhi umdlalo uphele ngesikolo esingu-4: 1 esivuna i- “Dynamo”. Kwakukhona nephenal eshaya igoli eDynamo, futhi washaywa kabili - unozinti weDynamo u-Alexey Khomich waqala walishaya ibhola, kodwa wasuka emgqeni wegoli ngaphambi kokushaya, bese uVladimir Demin esaguqula imitha eli-11.
Ababukeli abangu-199,000 bafika enkundleni yaseMaracanã eRio de Janeiro ngomhlaka 16 Julayi 1950. Umdlalo womzuliswano wokugcina womzuliswano wokugcina weNdebe Yomhlaba wonke yeFIFA phakathi kwamaqembu aseBrazil ne-Uruguay wawufana nokwenziwa komdlalo phakathi komkhwenyana nomakoti, osenezinyanga eziyisikhombisa ekhulelwe - wonke umuntu uyawazi umphumela kusengaphambili, kepha ukufaneleka kubophezelekile ukwenza umcimbi. AmaBrazilians eNdebeni yoMhlaba yasekhaya adlale ngokudlala nazo zonke izimbangi. Iqembu lesizwe laseSwitzerland eliqine kakhulu libe nenhlanhla - umdlalo wayo neBrazil uphele ngama-2: 2. AmaBrazilians aqede yonke imidlalo ngenzuzo okungenani yamagoli amabili. Umdlalo wamanqamu ne-Uruguay wawubukeka njengokwesiko, futhi ngisho nangokuya ngemithetho yaseBrazil, kwakwanele ukudlala ngokulingana. Esiwombeni sokuqala, amaqembu ahlulekile ukuvula i-akhawunti. Ngemuva kwemizuzu emibili kuqalile ukudlala, uFriasa waletha abaseBrazil phambili, futhi i-carnival ehambisanayo yaqala enkundleni nasezweni lonke. Abase-Uruguay, ngokuncoma kwabo, abayekanga. Maphakathi nesiwombe sesibili, uJuan Alberto Schiaffino ulinganise amaphuzu, walidicilela phansi ngokuphelele iqembu lesizwe laseBrazil. Futhi ngomzuzu ka-79, lo mlisa, mayelana nokuphinyiswa kwegama lakhe osekukhona ukuphikisana, uthumele iBrazil ukuzila.U-Alcides Edgardo Gidzha (ukubhalwa okujwayelekile kwesibongo sakhe "Chiggia") uye esangweni elingakwesokudla futhi wathumela ibhola enethini lisuka engxenyeni ebukhali. I-Uruguay inqobe ngo-2-1, kanti manje ngoJulayi 16 kugujwa kuleli njengeholidi likazwelonke. Usizi lwabantu baseBrazil lwalungenakulinganiswa. Abalandeli banamuhla bajwayele ukuzwa nokubuya okungakholeki, kepha kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi maphakathi nekhulu lamashumi amabili kwakukhona ukuhleleka kobukhulu bemidlalo yebhola, futhi imidlalo ebalulekile yayingabalwa eminweni yesandla esisodwa minyaka yonke. Bese kuthi owamanqamu wasekhaya olahlekile weNdebe Yomhlaba ...
