Enyakatho yesiqhingi saseGreat Britain kukhona iScotland - izwe elinezilwane zasendle ezinhle, elihlala abantu abaziqhenyayo abathanda inkululeko. Omakhelwane baseNingizimu bavame ukuhlambalaza amaScots ngokuthi anenkani, kepha hhayi ukuthi abe yisicefe lapha, uma kungenalutho olumila enhlabathini enamadwala, emadlelweni, emahlathini nasemachibini kungokwalabo abomndeni wabo ocebile noma kubafokazi baseBrithani abathathe izwe, nolwandle oluzungeze izwe lunesiphepho futhi engathandeki ukuthi lonke uhambo lokuyodoba kuyo lungaba olokugcina?
Futhi, noma kunjalo, abaseScots bakwazile ukuphuma ebuphofini. Baphendula umhlaba wabo waba yisifunda sezimboni esinamandla. Intengo kuvele ukuthi iphezulu - izigidi zamaScot zaphoqeleka ukuthi zishiye izwe lakubo. Abaningi babo baphumelele emazweni angaphandle, ngaleyo ndlela bakhazimulisa izwe labo. Futhi noma ngabe ukuphi uScotman, uhlala ehlonipha izwe lakubo futhi ekhumbula umlando namasiko alo.
1. IScotland iyona enyakatho yesiqhingi saseGreat Britain nezinye iziqhingi eziseduze ezingama-790 ezinendawo ephelele yamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-78.7.2... Le nsimu ihlala abantu abayizigidi ezingu-5.3. Izwe liyingxenye ezimele yaseGreat Britain kanye nephalamende layo kanye nondunankulu. Ngo-2016, abaseScots babamba inhlolovo mayelana nokuhlukana kwe-UK, kodwa abalandeli be-secession bathola kuphela amavoti angu-44.7%.
2. Ngaphandle kwemiphumela edumazayo yenhlolo-vo (izinhlolovo zokuqala zabikezela ukulingana kwamavoti), abaseBrithani abathandwa eScotland. Lowo obiza amaScots "ngesiNgisi" ubeka engcupheni yokuhlukunyezwa ngokomzimba, yize abaseScots bengabantu abaziphethe kahle.
3. IScotland izwe elihle kakhulu. Isimo sezulu esipholile, esipholile, esinomswakama sithanda izimila, kanti indawo iwela kusukela ezintabeni eziphansi (iHighland) eningizimu kuya ethafeni elincane (iLowland) enyakatho. Indawo ejwayelekile yaseScotland ngamagquma aphansi anamahlathi amancane namachibi azungezwe amatshe, phakathi kwawo enyakatho yezwe namawa agcwele amahlathi eningizimu nasogwini.
4. Amachibi aseScotland aziwa emhlabeni wonke. Hhayi ngesibalo (zingaphezu kuka-600 zazo, kepha eFinland kunezinkulungwane zazo) hhayi ngokujula (kukhona amachibi nokujula emhlabeni). Kepha alikho ithemba lokuhlangana noNessie kunoma yiliphi ichibi emhlabeni, futhi kukhona elilodwa eScotland Loch Ness. Futhi yize bembalwa abantu asebekholelwa ebukhoneni besidlakela esiyimfihlakalo esingaphansi kwamanzi, uLoch Ness uheha amashumi ezinkulungwane zabahambi. Futhi uma wehluleka ukubona uNessie, ungavele uye kodoba. Ukudoba eScotland kuyamangalisa futhi.
5. Abantu bahlala eScotland cishe iminyaka eyizinkulungwane eziyishumi. Kukholakala ukuthi abantu bahlala endaweni yaseSkara Bray enkulungwaneni ye-IV BC. Isimo esibuhlungu sendawo enzima sasiza izizwe zasendaweni ukuthi zilwe namaRoma, okuthi, ngesikhathi sokunqoba kwawo, aqhubekele phambili ibangana elingaphezulu komngcele wamanje oseningizimu weScotland. Eqinisweni, kwakungekho lapho amaRoma ayehlasela iScotland. Abanqobi bokuqala ukunqoba amaScots kwakungamaNgisi, ayebathanda kakhulu.
Scara Bray
6. Ngokomthetho, umlando weScotland njengezwe elihlangene waqala ngo-843. Inkosi yokuqala kwakunguKenneth McAlpin, owakwazi ukuhlanganisa izizwe ezazingafani. Esinye sezizwe kwakunguScots, owanika lo mbuso igama. AbakwaNorman, abasungula iNgilandi yaba umbuso, bafika esiqhingini eminyakeni engamakhulu amabili kuphela kamuva.
7. Lapho nje iNgilandi ithola amandla, kwaqala ukungqubuzana okungapheli neScotland, okwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba ngu-1707. Ngaphezu kwezindlela zamasosha zokucindezela, kwasetshenziswa nezombusazwe. Ngakho-ke, ngo-1292, inkosi yamaNgisi, eyayizinikele ngokuhloniphekile ukuba yijaji empikiswaneni eyayiphakathi kwalabo ababezongena esihlalweni sobukhosi saseScotland, yabiza lowo owayezongenela ukhetho owavuma ukwamukela isuzerainty (ubukhulu) baseNgilandi njengonqobile. Abanye ababephikisana nabo abavumelani, futhi kwaqala uchungechunge lwezibhelu nezimpi ezathatha iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-400. Izinkuni zaphonswa emlilweni ngamandla angaphandle ayengafuni ukuthi iNgilandi iqiniswe (njengoba umlando ukhombisile, bebengafuni, ngokufanelekile). Kwabekwa nezingxabano ezingokwenkolo. AmaPresbyterian Scots, amaKatolika, namaNgisi amaProthestani babulala ngenjabulo abazalwane abangalungile kuKristu. Ngenxa yalokhu, ngo-1707, kwasayinwa "i-Act of Union", eyamisa ukuhlangana kwale mibuso emibili ngesisekelo sokuzimela kwayo. AbaseBrithani bacishe bakhohlwa ngokuzimela, abaseScotland bahlubuka kancanyana, kepha isimo samanje saqhubeka kwaze kwaba ngo-1999, lapho abaseScots bavunyelwe ukuba nephalamende labo.
8. I-Union yanikeza umfutho omkhulu ekuthuthukiseni iScotland. Izwe ligcine uhlelo lokuphatha nolwezobulungiswa, olube nomthelela ekuthuthukiseni imboni. IScotland isibe ngesinye sezindawo zezimboni ezinamandla kakhulu eYurophu. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe kuphenduke isichitho - ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kwemishini kwakhulula abasebenzi, kwaholela ekuswelekeni kwemisebenzi. AbaseScots bashiye, okokuqala, baphesheya kwezilwandle, ezigidini. Manje inani lamaScot emhlabeni liyalingana nenani lezakhamizi eScotland ngokufanele.
9. Empeleni, inguquko yezimboni yaqala ngokusungulwa kweScotsman James Watt yenjini eshunqayo. UWatt unelungelo lobunikazi lomshini wakhe ngo-1775. Umhlaba wonke uyazi izinto eziqanjwe amaScot njenge-penicillin ka-Alexander Fleming, ithelevishini likaJohn Byrd noma ucingo luka-Alexander Bell.
UJames Watt
10. Emithonjeni eminingi u-Arthur Conan Doyle ubizwa ngeScotman, kepha akunjalo. Umbhali wakusasa wazalelwa eNgilandi emndenini wase-Ireland, futhi eScotland wafunda e-University of Edinburgh kuphela. Lesi sikhungo esifanelekayo semfundo sithathwa njengesinye sezihamba phambili eYurophu; uCharles Darwin, uJames Maxwell, uRobert Jung nezinye izinkanyiso zesayensi bathweswe iziqu kuso.
U-Arthur Conan-Doyle eminyakeni yakhe yokufunda
11. Kodwa ababhali abavelele njengoWalter Scott noRobert Louis Stevenson bangamaScots, bobabili abazalelwa e-Edinburgh. Iminikelo emikhulu ezincwadini yenziwa ngabomdabu baseCaledonia (leli elinye igama leScotland), njengoRobert Burns, uJames Barry ("Peter Pan") no-Irwin Welch ("Trainspotting").
UWalter Scott
12. Yize i-whisky yayingasungulwanga eScotland (yenziwa e-Ireland noma eMiddle East ngokujwayelekile), i-Scotch whisky iwuphawu lukazwelonke lobunikazi. Kakade ngo-1505, inhlangano yabagundi nodokotela abahlinzayo yase-Edinburgh yathola amandla amakhulu ekukhiqizeni nasekuthengiseni kwayo. Kamuva, abalandeli bakaHippocrates baze bagqashula nokusayinwa kwesimemezelo esivimbela ukuthengiswa kwe-whisky kubantu abavamile. Ukuthi lokho kuvinjelwa kuholelaphi, sazi kahle kakhulu - baqala ukukhiqiza iwhisky cishe kuwo wonke amagceke, futhi umbono wenhlangano wehlulekile.
13. Ukwenza i-whisky yande e-Edinburgh, kwavulwa iWhisky Heritage Centre ngo-1987. Lolu uhlobo lwenhlanganisela yomnyuziyamu enendawo yokudlela - intengo yanoma iluphi uhambo ihlanganisa ukunambitha izinhlobo eziningana zesiphuzo. Iqoqo lemnyuziyamu lezinhlobo ezibalelwa ku-4,000, endaweni yokudlela, ebharini nasezitolo, ungathenga ngaphezu kwama-450. Intengo encane yohambo lokunambitha iwayini elingu-4 ingu- £ 27.
14. Isidlo sikazwelonke saseScotland - haggis. Lawa amawundlu aqotshiwe aqoshiwe anezinongo, aphekwe esiswini semvu esithunjiwe. Ama-analogue ezitsha ezinjalo akhona endaweni yawo wonke amazwe aseYurophu eSoviet Union yangaphambili, kepha amaScots abheka ukuthi i-analogue yawo yesoseji eyenziwe yahlukile.
15. AmaScot (kanye nama-Irish) anezinwele ezibomvu ngokungenakulinganiswa. Kukhona cishe i-12 - 14% yazo, ebukeka njenge-anomaly ebonakalayo uma iqhathaniswa no-1 - 2% kubantu jikelele kanye no-5 - 6% phakathi kwabantu baseNyakatho Yurophu. Incazelo yesayensi yalesi simo ilula kakhulu - izinwele ezibomvu nesikhumba esimhlophe kusiza umzimba ukuthi ukhiqize uvithamini D. Ngokuguqula le mpikiswano iye kolunye uhlangothi, singasho ukuthi ama-86 - 88% amaScots kanye nama-Irish asele enza kahle ngesamba esincane sale vithamini, kanti labo abaphila ngoqobo lwama-200 km enyakatho yeNgisi, phakathi kwabo lapho cishe kungekho redheads, akafuneki nhlobo.
Usuku Olubomvu e-Edinburgh
16. I-Edinburgh iyaziqhenya ngokuba nesiteshi somlilo sokuqala emhlabeni jikelele. Okungaziwa kangako ukuthi ezinyangeni ezimbili ngemuva kokudalwa kwalolu phiko ngo-1824, izicishamlilo zase-Edinburgh zazingenamandla okulwa noMlilo Omkhulu wase-Edinburgh, owabhidliza izindlu ezingama-400 kuleli dolobha. Umlilo uqale eshabhu lokuqopha elincane. Ithimba lifike endaweni yokucisha umlilo ngesikhathi, kodwa izicishamlilo azikwazanga ukuthola umpompi wamanzi. Umlilo wanabela engxenyeni yedolobha, futhi kwaba yimvula enkulu kuphela eyasiza ukubhekana nayo ngosuku lwesihlanu lomlilo. Esimeni esifanayo ngo-2002, kwabhidlika izakhiwo eziyi-13 enkabeni yedolobha elinomlando.
17. Ngo-24 Juni, kugujwa uSuku Lokuzimela LweScotland. Ngalolu suku ngo-1314, ibutho likaRobert the Bruce lahlula ibutho lenkosi yamaNgisi u-Edward II. Iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-300 yokuba se-UK akubalwa.
Isikhumbuzo sikaRobert Bruce
18. Izingubo, manje ezethulwe njengemvunulo yesizwe samaScots, azizange zisungulwe yibo. Isiketi se-kilt sasungulwa ngumNgisi uRawlinson, owayefuna ukuvikela abasebenzi besitshalo sakhe se-metallurgical ku-heatstroke. Indwangu ye-tartan checkered yasungulwa eYurophu Ephakathi - kwakulula ukukhuphuka i-Alps ngezingubo ezinjalo. Eminye imininingwane yezingubo, njengokufika emadolweni, amahembe amhlophe noma isikhwama okhalweni, kwasungulwa phambilini.
19. Umculo waseScotland, okokuqala, ungumbhobho. Ukulila, lapho uthi nhlá, imiculo idlulisa ngokuphelele ubuhle bemvelo yezwe kanye nohlamvu lwesizwe samaScot. Kuhlanganiswe nokushaya isigubhu, amapayipi e-bagpipe noma amapayipi kungakha umuzwa oyingqayizivele. IRoyal National Orchestra yaseScotland ayihlonishwa kakhulu ezweni kuphela kepha nakwamanye amazwe. Iminyaka engu-8 yayiqondiswa ngumqhubi waseRussia u-Alexander Lazarev. Futhi "iNazaretha" yiqembu le-rock laseScotland eliphumelele kakhulu.
20. Iqembu lebhola laseScotland labamba futhi labamba umdlalo wokuqala wamazwe omhlaba emlandweni webhola lomhlaba. NgoNovemba 30, 1872, ababukeli abangu-4 000 eHamilton Crescent Stadium ePatrick babuka umdlalo weScotland ne-England, owaphela ngo 0-0. Kusukela lapho, iScotland, iNgilandi, iWales neNyakatho ye-Ireland babambe iqhaza emiqhudelwaneni yebhola yomhlaba njengamazwe ahlukene.