UGavriil Romanovich Derzhavin (1743 - 1816) wayeyimbongi evelele nesikhulu sezwe. Uguqule ngokuphelele ulimi lwenkondlo lwangaleso sikhathi, walwenza lwaba noluthinta imizwa nolunamandla, walungiselela isisekelo esihle solimi lwasePushkin. UDerzhavin imbongi yayidumile phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwayo, izinkondlo zayo zashicilelwa ngeziqephu ezinkulu zaleso sikhathi, futhi igunya layo phakathi kwabanye ababhali lalinkulu kakhulu, njengoba kufakazelwa yizikhumbuzo zabo.
Ongaziwa kancane uDerzhavin isikhulu sikahulumeni. Kepha wakhuphukela esigabeni esiphakeme seKhansela le-Real Privy (elihambelana nomphathi ophelele wezempi noma umphathi wamasosha asolwandle). UDerzhavin wayesondelene nababusi abathathu, wayengumbusi kabili, futhi wayephethe izikhundla eziphezulu kuhulumeni ophakathi. Wayenegunya elikhulu emphakathini, eSt. Petersburg wayevame ukucelwa ukuba ahlele amacala endima yokuba ngumlamuli, futhi izintandane eziningana zaziphansi kwakhe ngasikhathi sinye. Nawa amanye amaqiniso nezindaba ezingaziwa kakhulu ezivela empilweni kaDerzhavin:
1. UGabriel Derzhavin wayenodadewabo nomfowabo, nokho, waphila iminyaka yobudala eyedwa, futhi nalapho wayeyingane ebuthaka kakhulu.
2. UGabriel omncane wafunda e-Orenburg esikoleni esavulwa ngumJalimani owayedingiselwe edolobheni ngecala lobugebengu. Isitayela sokuqeqeshwa kuso sihambelana ngokuphelele nobunikazi bomnikazi.
3. Ngenkathi efunda esikoleni sokuzivocavoca saseKazan, uGabriel nozakwabo badweba ikhophi enhle yemephu enkulu yesifundazwe saseKazan, beyihlobisa ngamasimu nokubukwa. Imephu yathinta kakhulu eMoscow. Njengomvuzo, izingane zabhaliswa njengabazimele emabuthweni onogada. Ngalezo zikhathi, bekuyisikhuthazo - yizikhulu kuphela ezazibhaliswa konogada. KuDerzhavin, kwaba yinkinga - unogada kumele acebe, futhi amaDerzhavins (ngaleso sikhathi umndeni wawusele ungenayise) waba nezinkinga ezinkulu ngemali.
4. Ibutho le-Preobrazhensky, lapho uDerzhavin akhonza khona, labamba iqhaza ekuketuleni uPeter III esihlalweni sobukhosi. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi leli butho laphathwa kahle nguCatherine ngemuva kokubekwa esihlalweni sobukhosi, uDerzhavin wathola isikhundla sesikhulu kuphela ngemuva kweminyaka eyishumi esebenza. Kwakuyisikhathi eside kakhulu kumuntu ohloniphekile kunogada.
5. Kuyaziwa ukuthi uGavriil Romanovich waqala izivivinyo zakhe zezinkondlo ngaphambi kuka-1770, kodwa akukho lutho lwalokho akubhala ngaleso sikhathi okwasinda. UDerzhavin ngokwakhe ushise isifuba sakhe sokhuni ngamaphepha ukuze adlule ngokushesha ngokuvalelwa yedwa eSt.
6. UDerzhavin wadlala amakhadi kakhulu ebusheni bakhe futhi, ngokusho kwabanye besikhathi sakhe, hhayi ngokuthembeka njalo. Kodwa-ke, kusukela eqinisweni lokuthi ukuguqulwa kukaJesu isimo kwakungeyona ipeni, mhlawumbe lokhu kungukunyundela.
7. Umsebenzi wokuqala ophrintiwe ka-GR Derzhavin wakhishwa ngo-1773. Kwakuyi-ode emshadweni kaGrand Duke Pavel Petrovich, eshicilelwe ngokungaziwa kumakhophi angama-50.
8. I-ode "Felitsa", eyaletha udumo lokuqala lweDerzhavin, yasatshalaliswa ngeSamizdat yangaleso sikhathi. Imbongi yanikela ngombhalo wesandla ukuze ifundele umngane wayo, lapho cishe zonke izikhulu eziphakeme zoMbuso waseRussia zagxekwa khona ngolimi lwesi-Aesopiya. Umngane wanikeza izwi lakhe eliqotho lokuhlonipha ukuthi yena kuphela futhi kusihlwa kuphela ... Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva lo mbhalo wesandla wawusufunwa kakade ukuze ufundwe nguGrigory Potemkin. Ngenhlanhla, zonke izicukuthwane zenza sengathi aziziboni, kanti uDerzhavin wathola ibhokisi lesinemfu legolide elihlotshiswe ngamadayimane nezingcezu zegolide ezingama-500 - uCatherine wayethanda i-ode.
9. UG. Derzhavin wayengumbusi wokuqala wesifundazwe esasanda kwakhiwa sama-Olonets. Waze wathenga nefenisha yehhovisi ngemali yakhe. Manje insimu yalesi sifundazwe iyingxenye yesifunda iLeningrad neKarelia. Idume ngefilimu ethi "Ivan Vasilyevich Changes His Profession" Kemskaya volost ibilapha.
10. Ngemuva kokuphatha eTambov, uDerzhavin waba ngaphansi kwenkantolo yeSenate. Wakwazi ukuphikisa izinsolo, yize zaziziningi. Kodwa indima enkulu ekulahlwa yicala yenziwa nguGrigory Potemkin. Ukuphakama kwakhe kukaSerene ngaphambi kwempi yaseRussia neTurkey, naphezu kobuqili bezikhulu zikaTambov, wathola imali eDerzhavin yokuthenga okusanhlamvu kwezempi, futhi akazange akukhohlwe.
11. UDerzhavin akazange athande ikakhulukazi ababusi nezimpi. UCatherine wamxosha esikhundleni sokuba ngunobhala womuntu siqu ngenxa yokudelela nokuhlukumeza kwakhe emibikweni, uPaul I wamthumela ehlazweni ngempendulo engamanyala, no-Alexander ngenkonzo eshiseka kakhulu. Ngasikhathi sinye, uDerzhavin wayengumakhosi onenkani futhi engafuni ukuzwa ngomthethosisekelo noma ukukhululwa kwabalimi.
12. Ephethe umsebenzi wasehhovisi nobuhlakani ekomkhulu lamasosha alwa namavukelambuso aholwa ngu-Yemelyan Pugachev, uDerzhavin akazange alithole idumela elihle kakhulu. Ngemuva kokuhlulwa kombhikisho nokuphela kophenyo, waxoshwa.
13. Njengoba kwenzeka kaningi empilweni, uDerzhavin uqobo wayekholelwa ukuthi wayengathandwa ngokuthanda kwakhe iqiniso, futhi labo ababemzungezile babemthatha njengomuntu oxabanayo. Ngempela, emsebenzini wakhe, ukunyuka okusheshayo kushintshana nokwehluleka okuchobozayo.
14. U-Emperor Paul I, ngesonto elilodwa ngoNovemba 1800, waqoka uDerzhavin ezikhundleni ezinhlanu ngasikhathi sinye. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uGabriel Romanovich akazange angene kunoma yikuphi ukukhohlisa noma ukuthopha - idumela lomuntu ohlakaniphile nothembekile lisizile.
15. Cishe yonke imisebenzi kaDerzhavin ihambisana nezihloko futhi yabhalwa kulindelwe noma kube ngaphansi kwethonya lanoma imiphi imicimbi yezepolitiki noma yabasebenzi. Imbongi ayikufihlanga lokhu, futhi yaze yaphawula ngokukhethekile ngomsebenzi wayo.
16. UDerzhavin wayeshade kabili. Umkakhe wokuqala wayeyindodakazi yenduna yasebukhosini yasePortugal, u-Elena. Lezi zithandani sezineminyaka engu-18 zishadile, ngemuva kwalokho kwashona u-Elena Derzhavina. UDerzhavin, yize eseshade okwesibili ngokushesha okukhulu, ukhumbule umkakhe wokuqala ekufeni ngemfudumalo.
17. UGabriel Romanovich wayengenazo izingane, kepha izingane eziningi eziyizintandane zezikhulu zakhuliswa ngasikhathi sinye emndenini. Omunye wabafundi kwakunguye owayengumatilosi omkhulu waseRussia uMikhail Lazarev.
18. UDerzhavin wakhokha impesheni encane esalukazini esasize njalo ngemali nenja encane. Ngenkathi isalukazi sicela ukwamukela inja, iSenator yavuma, kodwa yabeka umbandela - uzoyiletha mathupha impesheni yesalukazi, ngesikhathi sokuhamba. Futhi inja yagxila endlini, futhi lapho uGabriel Romanovich esekhaya, wayehlala esifubeni sakhe.
19. Eqala ukuphoqa izikhumbuzo zakhe, uDerzhavin wabala ngokunembile iziqu nezikhundla zakhe ngaphansi kwabo bobathathu abazimele, kepha akazange azisho izinkondlo zakhe ezingangatshazwa.
20. UGabriel Derzhavin ushonele efeni lakhe iZvanka esifundazweni saseNovgorod. Imbongi wangcwatshwa esigodlweni Khutynsky eduze naseNovgorod. Ku-epitaph, uDerzhavin aziqambela yona, futhi hhayi igama mayelana nezinkondlo: "Lapha kulele uDerzhavin, owayesekela ubulungiswa, kepha, ecindezelwe ngamanga, wawa, evikela imithetho."
