Ingxubevange yensimbi nekhabhoni enezengezo ezincane zezinye izinto ezibizwa nge-cast iron yaziwa isintu iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-2500. Ukwenza kube lula ukukhiqizwa, izindleko eziphansi ezihlobene nezinye izinsimbi kanye nezakhiwo ezinhle zomzimba kugcine insimbi yensimbi phakathi kwabaholi ekusetshenzisweni kwensimbi isikhathi eside. Isetshenziselwe ukwenza uhla olubanzi lwezimpahla nemishini ngezinhloso ezahlukahlukene, kusuka kuzimpahla zabathengi kuya ezikhumbuzo zamathani amaningi kanye nezingxenye zamathuluzi omshini.
Emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, izinto zesimanjemanje esezithuthuke kakhulu seziye zangena esikhundleni sezinsimbi, kepha ngeke kwenzeke ukushiya insimbi ngobusuku obubodwa - ukushintshela ezintweni ezintsha nakubuchwepheshe kubiza kakhulu. Ingulube iron izohlala ingenye yezinhlobo eziyinhloko zemikhiqizo ye-metallurgical isikhathi eside esizayo. Nalu ukhetho oluncane lwamaqiniso ngaleli alloy:
1. Ukuphendula umbuzo othi "Yini i-alloy-carbon alloy?" kubalulekile ukuthi ungasho ukuthi "cast iron" iqonde ngqo, kepha ukucacisa ukuthi yini okuqukethwe yikhabhoni kule alloy. Ngoba insimbi nayo iyinsimbi yensimbi enekhabhoni, ingaphansi nje kwekhabhoni kuyo. Insimbi yensimbi iqukethe kusuka ku-2.14% kaboni.
2. Ngokwenzayo, kunzima ukuthola ukuthi umkhiqizo wenziwe ngensimbi noma ngensimbi. Insimbi yensimbi ilula kancane, kepha udinga ukuba nento efanayo yokuqhathanisa isisindo. Ngokuvamile, i-cast iron ibuthakathaka kunensimbi, kepha kunamabanga amaningi wensimbi anamandla kazibuthe wensimbi yensimbi. Indlela eqinisekile yokuthola sawdust noma shavings. Ukufakwa kwensimbi yengulube kuthola izandla ezingcolile, futhi ukushefa kuyabhidlika kucishe kube wuthuli.
3. Igama lesiRussia elithi "chugun" uqobo lwalo linikeza umsuka waseChina wensimbi - yakhiwe yimisindo ehambisana nama-hieroglyphs "business" kanye "pour".
4. AmaShayina athola insimbi yokuqala cishe cishe ngekhulu lesi-6 BC. e. Emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka kamuva, ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi yensimbi kwakungcwetiwe ngabasendulo be-metallurgists. EYurophu naseRussia, bafunda ukusebenza ngensimbi yensimbi esevele ngeNkathi Ephakathi.
5. I-China yenze kahle ubuchwepheshe bokusakaza i-iron kahle kakhulu futhi yakhiqiza imikhiqizo enhlobonhlobo kusuka kulokhu okusetshenzisiwe, kusuka ezinkinobho kuya ezithombeni ezinkulu. Izindlu eziningi zazinamapani okwe-iron iron anezindonga ezincanyana ezingaba yimitha ububanzi.
6. Ngesikhathi sokusatshalaliswa kwensimbi yensimbi, abantu base beyazi ukuthi basebenza kanjani nezinye izinsimbi, kepha insimbi yensimbi yayishibhile futhi inamandla kunethusi noma ithusi futhi yasheshe yaduma.
7. Insimbi yensimbi yayisetshenziswa kabanzi kwezikhali. NgeNkathi Ephakathi, zombili imiphongolo yezibhamu nenganono zaphonswa kuyo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngisho nokubonakala kwezinsimbi zensimbi, ezazinamandla amakhulu, futhi, ngokufanele, isisindo uma kuqhathaniswa namatshe, kwase kunguquko, esivumela ukunciphisa isisindo, ubude bomgqomo kanye nobukhulu bezibhamu. Kuphela maphakathi nekhulu le-19 lapho kwaqala khona inguquko kusuka ekusakazweni kwensimbi kuya kwezinganono zensimbi.
8. Ngokuya ngokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni, izakhiwo zomzimba nezinhloso zokukhiqiza, kunezinhlobo ezi-5 zensimbi eyakhiwe: insimbi yengulube, amandla amakhulu, atholakalayo, mpunga nomhlophe.
9. ERussia, okokuqala ngqa, igesi yemvelo yasetshenziswa ekuncibilikiseni insimbi yengulube.
10. Ukufunda izincwadi ezikhathini zangaphambi kwenguquko nasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, ungadideki: "insimbi yensimbi" yimbiza yensimbi, futhi "insimbi yensimbi" isitimela. Ojantshi benziwa ngensimbi ngokushesha ngemuva kokusungulwa kwenqubo yokudonsa ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, futhi insimbi yabizwa ngensimbi eyabiza kakhulu eminyakeni eyi-150 kamuva.
11. Inqubo yokuncibilikisa insimbi yengulube iqala ngokususwa kokungcola kwi-ore, futhi iphetha ngokumuncwa kwekhabhoni ngensimbi. Kuliqiniso, le ncazelo yenziwa lula kakhulu - izibopho zekhabhoni nensimbi yensimbi yensimbi zihluke kakhulu kwizibopho zokungcola okungumshini, futhi ne-oxygen enensimbi eyinsimbi. Inqubo uqobo lwayo yenzeka kumakhaza wokuqhuma.
12. I-cast iron cookware cishe ingunaphakade. Amapani wensimbi okusakaza kanye namapani angakhonza imindeni ngezizukulwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuzinsimbi ezindala zensimbi, amafomu wokumboza angeyona induku ngenxa yokungena kwamafutha kuma-micropores ebusweni bepani noma i-iron yensimbi. Kuyiqiniso, lokhu kusebenza kuphela kumasampula amadala - abakhiqizi besimanje bezitsha zensimbi yensimbi basebenzisa imbozo yokufakelwa kuso, enezakhiwo ezihluke ngokuphelele futhi ivala izimbotshana ezinhlayiyweni ezinamafutha.
13. Noma yimuphi umpheki ofanelekayo usebenzisa izitsha zokupheka zensimbi.
14. Insimbi esetshenziswayo isetshenziselwa ukwenza imishini yokuchofoza izinjini zikadizili wezimoto. Le nsimbi ibuye isetshenziswe kuma-brake pads nakuma-engine blocks.
15. Insimbi yensimbi isetshenziswa kakhulu kwezobunjiniyela bemishini. Zonke izingxenye ezinkulu zemishini ezifana nezisekelo, imibhede, noma ama-bushings amakhulu zenziwe ngensimbi eyakhiwe.
16. Ama-rolling rolls ezinsimbi ezisansimbi zenziwa ngensimbi eyakhiwe.
17. Emapayipini, ukuphakelwa kwamanzi, ukushisa kanye nokuthuthwa kwendle, i-iron yensimbi manje seyithathelwa indawo ngezinto zanamuhla, kepha izinto ezindala zisadingeka.
18. Imihlobiso eminingi esezindongeni, amanye amasango nezingcingo ezenziwe ngobuciko kanye nezinye izikhumbuzo eSt.
19. E-St. Petersburg, kunamabhuloho amaningana enziwe ngezinsimbi zensimbi. Yize ubuntekenteke bolwazi, umklamo wobunjiniyela onobuhlakani uvumele amabhuloho ukuthi ame iminyaka engama-200. Futhi ibhuloho lensimbi lokuqala lakhiwa ngo-1777 eGreat Britain.
20. Ngo-2017, amathoni ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1.2 wensimbi yengulube ancibilikiswa emhlabeni wonke. Cishe i-60% yensimbi yengulube yomhlaba ikhiqizwa eChina. Ama-metallurgist aseRussia asendaweni yesine - amathani ayizigidi ezingama-51.6 - ngemuva, ngaphandle kwaseChina, Japan naseNdiya.
