I-cinema yaseSoviet yayiyizwe lonke ngokwalo. Imboni enkulu minyaka yonke ikhiqiza amakhulu amafilimu ahlukahlukene, ihehe amakhulu ezigidi zababukeli. Akunakwenzeka ukuqhathanisa ukubakhona kwamabhayisikobho ngaleso sikhathi njengamanje. Ifilimu yesimanje ethandwayo, noma ngabe i-superblockbuster amahlandla amathathu, ingumcimbi kuphela futhi kuphela emhlabeni we-cinema. Ifilimu laseSoviet eliphumelelayo laba ngumcimbi ezweni lonke. Ngo-1973, kwakhululwa ifilimu ethi "Ivan Vasilyevich Changes His Profession", eyayibukelwa ngabantu abayizigidi ezingama-60 ngonyaka. Ngawo lowo nyaka, kwenzeka umcimbi omkhulu wenkathi - iYenisei yayivinjwe yidamu. Umbuzo wokuthi yisiphi isenzakalo esisezinkumbulweni zabantu awudingi mpendulo ...
Emhlabeni webhayisikobho, abantu abajwayelekile bahlangana, abakwazi ukuvusa isithakazelo sombukeli. Lokhu okwakhe, akunjalo, akukhawulelwe kohlaka lwefilimu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imvamisa kungaphandle kohlaka lohlaka ukuthi izinkanuko ziba nesiphepho kakhulu kunokubhalwa kuskripthi. Uma beyithanda ngempela, khona-ke waze wahamba nebhulashi lamazinyo kusuka kwelinye, washiya leli bhulashi kwenye wayolala ehhotela ngolwesithathu. Uma bephuza, khona-ke cishe bafe ngokoqobo. Uma befunga, kungenxa yokuthi ifilimu ayikwazi ukukhishwa ezikrinini, lapho abantu abaningi basebenze khona unyaka. Amakhulu amavolumu wezikhumbuzo abhaliwe ngalokhu, lapho kwesinye isikhathi ungathola i-zest yangempela.
1. Izindaba ukuthi lo noma lowo mlingisi ungene kulo mkhakha ngenhlanhla azivamile. Kepha kuyinto eyodwa lapho ithuba lisiza umuntu ukuthi afinyelele ukuthandwa nodumo, futhi lihluke kakhulu lapho ithuba lisebenza ngokumelene naye. Ekuthomeni komsebenzi wokulingisa kaMargarita Terekhova, bobabili babenele. Njengoba ishiye umnyango we-physics ne-mathematics we-Central Asia University, le ntombazane yafika eMoscow futhi yacishe yangena ku-VGIK ngendiza. Cishe - ngoba ngemuva kwenhlolokhono wayengathathwanga ekwakheni isibhamu se-cinema. UMargarita, obesethole indawo ehostela, ubelungiselela ukuya ekhaya eTashkent. Kodwa-ke, othile webe imali ebekelwe eceleni ithikithi lokubuya endaweni yakhe yokulala ebusuku. Abafundi abanobubele bamcela ukuthi asebenze kokungeziwe kwedokhumentari. Lapho, uTerekhova wezwa ngephutha ukuthi umqondisi u-Yuri Zavadsky (owayehola iMossovet Theatre) wayeqasha abantu abasha studio sakhe. Amasethi anjalo ayengavamile kakhulu, futhi uTerekhova wanquma ukuzama. Enkulumweni, waqala wamangaza wonke umuntu ngeso likaNatalia elivela encwadini ethi "Quiet Flows the Don", ngemuva kwalokho uZavadsky wacela ukwenza okuthile okuthulile. Ukudlala, ngokusobala, kwakuhlaba umxhwele impela, ngoba uVera Maretskaya wavuka, kanti uValentina Talyzina wanquma ukuthi uTerekhova wayehlakaniphile noma engajwayelekile. UMargarita wafunda ngokuthula izinkondlo zikaMikhail Koltsov, futhi wamukelwa esitudiyo.
2. Umlingisi uPavel Kadochnikov, ngemuva kokuqopha ifilimu ethi "The Exploit of the Scout", unephepha elehlukile, manje elizobizwa nge- "all-terrain pass" UJV Stalin wayithanda le filimu nomdlalo kaKadochnikov kangangokuba wabiza isithombe sikaKadochnikov ngokuthi nguChekist wangempela. Umholi ubuze umlingisi ukuthi yikuphi okuhle angakwenza ukubonga umdlalo onjalo. U-Kadochnikov uhlekisa wacela ukubhala amagama mayelana no-Chekist wangempela ephepheni. U-Stalin wahleka futhi akazange aphendule, kepha ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa uKadochnikov wanikezwa iphepha ebhukwini le-Kremlin elisayinwe nguStalin no-KE Voroshilov. Ngokwalo mbhalo, uKadochnikov waklonyeliswa ngesiqu somphathi omkhulu wawo wonke amagatsha eSoviet Army. Ukuze udumo lomlingisi asebenzise lo mbhalo ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu. Isibonelo, ngenkathi ngoJuni 1977 eKalinin (manje eyiTver) ezinye iziqephu zefilimu ethi "Siberiade" ziphinde zathwetshulwa, uKadochnikov, uNataliya Andreichenko no-Alexander Pankratov-Cherny babamba ukugeza benqunu ngezingoma ezinomsindo enkabeni yedolobha, amaphoyisa azikhipha emanzini. Ihlazo bekungabonakala ukuthi belingazwakali, kepha uKadochnikov wethule lo mbhalo wokonga ngesikhathi.
UPavel Kadochnikov eminyakeni engama-30 ngaphambi kwalesi sigameko ngokugeza nudist eKalinin
3. Ngo-1960, isiqephu sokuqala sefilimu kaMikhail Schweitzer esithi "Uvuko" sakhishwa ezikrinini zeSoviet Union. Indima eyinhloko kuwo yadlalwa nguTamara Semina, owathi ngesikhathi sokuqopha wayengekho ngisho neminyaka engu-22 ubudala. Kokubili ifilimu nomlingisi oholayo babe nempumelelo enkulu hhayi e-USSR kuphela. USemina uthole izindondo zomlingisi ohamba phambili emikhosini ebiseLocarno, eSwitzerland naseMar del Plata, e-Argentina. E-Argentina, isithombe sakhishwa nguSemina uqobo. Wayemangazwe ukunakwa kwabantu baseNingizimu Melika abanolaka, ababemthwala ngokoqobo ezandleni zabo. Ngo-1962 kwethulwa isiqephu sesibili sefilimu, naso ebesithandwa kakhulu. Ngalesi sikhathi uSemina akakwazanga ukuya e-Argentina - wayematasa eqopha ifilimu. UVasily Livanov, oyilungu laleli thimba, ukhumbule ukuthi iqembu lamafilimu "loVuko" lalihlale liphoqeleka ukuphendula imibuzo ngokuthi yini ngempela uSemina ayengayithandi e-Argentina kangangokuthi akazange eze nabanye abalingisi.
UTamara Semina kwifilimu ethi "Uvuko"
4. Indima kaStirlitz ochungechungeni oluthi “Seventeen Moments of Spring” kungenzeka ukuthi yadlalwa ngu-Archil Gomiashvili. Phakathi nesikhathi sokulingisa, waba nothando lwesivunguvungu nomqondisi wefilimu uTatyana Lioznova. Noma kunjalo, ikusasa le-Ostap Bender lalinamandla kakhulu, futhi uVyacheslav Tikhonov ocabangayo futhi onengqondo wagunyazwa ukuba enze lo msebenzi. Kwakunezinto eziningi ezithakazelisayo emlandweni wokuqopha "Ama-Moments ..." Kubadlali bemidlalo yaseshashalazini uLeonid Bronevoy noYuri Vizbor, ukuqoshwa kwaba ukuhlukunyezwa kwangempela - ikhefu elide elinomqondo nesidingo sokungashiyi ifreyimu kwakungajwayelekile kubo. Indima yomqhubi womsakazo wezingane uKat yadlalwa yizingane eziningana ezisanda kuzalwa ngasikhathi sinye, ezazilethwa zivela esibhedlela zabuyiselwa emuva kwangathi zihamba nebhande elihambayo. Izingane zaziqopha amahora amabili kuphela ngamakhefu okudla, futhi inqubo yokuqopha ayikwazanga ukumiswa. Kuvulandi lapho ingane ibigwazwe khona ngamakhaza, empeleni, kwakusestudiyo, kushiswa izibani. Ngakho-ke, abadlali abancane abafuni ukukhala, kodwa, kunalokho, badlala noma balala. Lesi sililo saqoshwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi esibhedlela. Ekugcineni, umlando wezempi wanezelwa kwifilimu ngesikhathi sokuhlela. Amasosha, lapho ebukele ifilimu eqediwe, ayethukuthele - kwavela ukuthi impi yanqotshwa kuphela ngenxa yezikhulu zezobunhloli. ULioznova ungeze imibiko yeSovinformburo kule filimu.
Kwifilimu ethi "Izikhathi Eziyishumi nesikhombisa Zentwasahlobo" uLeonid Bronevoy njalo "wawa" ngohlaka - wayejwayele ubukhulu besiteji semidlalo yaseshashalazini
5. UMqondisi u-Alexander Mitta, owadubula ifilimu ethi “The Tale of How Tsar Peter Got Married,” kusobala ukuthi wayazi ngobutha obabukhona phakathi kukaVladimir Vysotsky no-Irina Pechernikova, owayedlala indawo kaLouise De Cavaignac. Noma kunjalo, uMitta ufake kule filimu indawo yomhlangano othinta abathandi, lapho begijimela khona ezitebhisini, bese bezitika ngothando embhedeni. Mhlawumbe umqondisi wayefuna ukudweba izinhlansi zobuciko ezivela kubalingisi ngokuqondile ngokumelene nobudlelwano obubi. Eminyakeni emithathu ngaphambi kokuqopha, uPechernikova noVysotsky bazitika ngothando ngaphandle komsindo wekhamera. Kodwa-ke, ubudlelwano babo selokhu kwaba, ukusho ngomoya ophansi, kupholile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, u-Irina wephuka umlenze ngaphambi kokuqopha. I-mise-en-scene yashintsha: manje iqhawe likaVysotsky kwakudingeka lithwale othandekayo wakhe akhuphuke izitebhisi ayolala. Lapho babegcotshwe ukwakheka ngezindlela ezine (uVysotsky wadlala indoda enezinwele ezimnyama), futhi ngenxa yalokho indawo leyo ayizange ingene kwifilimu.
UVladimir Vysotsky kwifilimu ethi "The Tale of How Tsar Peter the Arap Married"
6. Akukho neyodwa kulawa mafilimu amathathu aseSoviet anqoba i-Oscar ayengompetha bama-box office e-USSR. Ifilimu "Dersu Uzala" ngo-1975 yathatha indawo yeshumi nanye. Kubukwe ngabantu abayizigidi ezingama-20.4. Owaphumelela emjahweni wama-box office ngalowo nyaka kwaba yifilimu yaseMexico i-Yesenia, eyaheha izivakashi ezingama-91.4 million. Kodwa-ke, ababhali bebehluleka ukuthembela empumelelweni ka- "Dersu Uzala" phakathi komphakathi omningi - ingqikithi nohlobo lwayo bezicaciswe kakhulu. Kodwa amafilimu athi “Impi Nokuthula” nethi “IMoscow Ayizikholelwa Izinyembezi” ngokusobala aba nebhadi nabancintisana nabo. "Impi Nokuthula" ngo-1965 yaqoqa ababukeli abayizigidi ezingama-58 futhi yayingaphambi kwawo wonke amafilimu aseSoviet, kepha yehlulwa kumdlalo wamahlaya waseMelika othi "Kunamantombazane kuphela ku-jazz" noMarilyn Monroe. Umdwebo othi "iMoscow Ayikholelwa Ezinyembezi" ngo-1980 nawo uthathe indawo yesibili, wehlulwa ngumqaphi wokuqala waseSoviet "IPirates yekhulu lama-XX".
7. Ifilimu ethi "Cruel Romance", eyakhishwa ezikrinini ngo-1984, yamukelwa kahle ngabalaleli, kodwa ayizange ibathande abagxeki bamafilimu. Kwabalingisi benkanyezi, okubandakanya uNikita Mikhalkov, u-Andrei Myagkov, u-Alisa Freindlich nabanye abalingisi, ukunqotshwa kokugxekwa kwakungebuhlungu. Kodwa uLarisa Guzeeva osemusha, owayedlala indawo ephambili yabesifazane, wakhuthazelela ukugxekwa kakhulu. Ngemuva kwe- "Cruel Romance", wazama ukudlala izindima ezahlukahlukene, njengokungathi ukufakazela ukuthi wayengaba nesithombe sowesifazane obuthakathaka obuthaka kuphela. I-Guzeeva idlale kakhulu, kepha amafilimu nezindima akuphumelelanga. Ngenxa yalokhu, i- "Cruel Romance" yahlala iyimpumelelo enkulu emsebenzini wakhe.
Mhlawumbe uLarisa Guzeeva bekufanele aqhubeke nokuthuthukisa lo mfanekiso
8. Uhlangothi lwezezimali lokukhiqizwa kwamafilimu eSoviet Union lungaba yisihloko socwaningo oluthakazelisayo. Mhlawumbe izifundo ezinjalo zizoba mnandi kakhulu kunezindaba eziphathelene nobudlelwano bothando obungapheli bezinkanyezi zama-movie. Ngemuva kwakho konke, imisebenzi yobuciko efana ne- "Seventeen Moments of Spring" noma i- "D'Artanyan kanye ne-Three Musketeers" ingahlala kahle eshalofini ngenxa yokuphikisana kwezezimali. "AmaMusketeers", nokho, alala eshalofini isikhathi esingangonyaka. Isizathu yisifiso somqondisi sokubhala ngokubambisana lo mbhalo. Kubukeka sengathi kungukubhangiswa, futhi ngemuva kwayo kufihlwe imali, okwakungathi sína ngezikhathi zeSoviet. Ababhali beskripthi kuphela abathola i-analogue ethile yama-royalties - amaroyalithi wokuphindaphindeka kwefilimu noma ukukhonjiswa kwayo kuthelevishini. Bonke abanye bathole okulungile futhi bayithokozela imisebe yenkazimulo noma bapheka ngezinga elibilayo lokugxekwa. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuhola kwabalingisi kuncike ezintweni eziningi kangangoba bekunzima kakhulu ukukuqagela. Kepha uma kukhulunywa nje, abalingisi abaphumelelayo bebengahlupheki. Nansi isibonelo, imiphumela yezimali yokuqopha ifilimu ethi "The Adjutant of His Excellency". Ukuqopha kwaqala ngoMashi 17 kuya ku-Agasti 8, 1969. Bese abadlali bexoshwa futhi babizelwa kuphela ukuqoshwa okwengeziwe komqondisi onamaphutha noma ongagculisi. Kwaphela izinyanga eziyisithupha zomsebenzi, umqondisi wefilimu u-Yevgeny Tashkov wathola ama-ruble angama-3 500, u-Yuri Solomin wazuza ama-ruble angu-2 755. Amaholo abanye abalingisi aweqi kuma-ruble ayi-1 000 (iholo elijwayelekile ezweni ngaleso sikhathi lalingama-ruble ayi-120). Abalingisi baphila, njengoba besho, "kukho konke okulungile". Ukuxhumeka kokuqopha kwakusebenza kuphela - okungenani abalingisi abahamba phambili kungenzeka bangabikho ukuze badlale indima enkundleni yabo yaseshashalazini noma badlale kwenye ifilimu.
U-Yuri Solomin kwifilimu ethi "Adjutant of His Excellence"
9. UGalina Polskikh ulahlekelwe abazali bakhe kusenesikhathi. Ubaba ushonele ngaphambili, umama washona lapho intombazane yayingakabi neminyaka engu-8 ubudala. Inkanyezi yesikrini esizayo yakhuliswa ugogo wasendaweni, owayesevele esefudukele eMoscow esemdala. Ugogo weza nombono wezwe ngempilo. Kuze kube yizinsuku zokugcina, wayecabanga ukuthi umsebenzi womlingisikazi awuthembekile futhi wancenga uGalina ukuthi enze into ebucayi. Lapho uPolskikh esethengele ugogo omkhulu (ngalezo zikhathi, kunjalo) isethi ye-TV. Lo mlingisi ubefuna ukuthi ugogo wakhe ambone eDingo Wild Dog. Maye, kuze kushone ugogo wami, owayengakwazi ukuya ebhayisikobho ngenxa yokugula, le filimu ayikaze ikhonjiswe kuthelevishini ...
UGalina Polskikh ku- "Dingo Wild Dog" wayemuhle
10. Waziwa kubabukeli ikakhulu ngendima yokuba ngukaputeni wamaphoyisa uVladislav Slavin kwiGentlemen of Fortune, u-Oleg Vidov ngokusobala ungumlingisi wefilimu ophumelele kakhulu waseRussia owabalekela phesheya. Ngo-1983 wabaleka wadlula eYugoslavia, lapho ahlangana khona nonkosikazi wakhe wesine nowokugcina e-United States. Ezweni Elisha, waziwa, okokuqala, njengendoda eyaletha amakhathuni amahle kakhulu aseRussia eNtshonalanga. Ngemuva kokuthenga amalungelo okukhombisa nokuphrinta izinkulungwane zamafilimu amaSoviet opopayi kubaphathi abasha beSoyuzmultfilm ngentengo ephansi, uVidov wenza imali enhle ngalokhu. Yize yonke imali ayitholayo, kanye nemali ekhokhelwa izindima zesibili nezemfundo ephakeme kumafilimu aseMelika, isangena emaphaketheni ama-American aesculapians. Kakade ngo-1998, uVidov watholakala enomdlavuza we-pituitary. Kusukela lapho kuze kube sekufeni kwakhe, uVidov waqhubeka nokulwa nokufa. Ukunqoba kule mpi enomphumela obekiwe kwaqoshwa ngoMeyi 15, 2017, ngesikhathi uVidov eshona esibhedlela iWestlake Village.
"Thenga ikhadi ngokwakho, bast!" Umshayeli wetekisi - u-Oleg Vidov
