Ngo-1893, uSwami Vivekananda, i-yogi ezulazulayo owakhuthaza izimfundiso zakhe nobuHindu ngokujwayelekile, wakhuluma ePhalamende Lomhlaba Lezenkolo eChicago. Lokhu akusho ukuthi iNtshonalanga ngaphambi kweVivekananda yayingazi izinkolelo zamaNdiya. Izindaba ezimayelana nama-fakir nama-yogi enza izimangaliso zangempela seziyaziwa ezweni laseNtshonalanga iminyaka engama-200. Futhi besekuvele kukhona umbono mayelana nobuHindu neyoga - ngisho no-Arthur Schopenhauer wabhala ngabo. Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kweVivekananda, ama-yogi ayephathwa njengendawo exotic ekude futhi engaqondakali.
Ukusabalalisa okusebenzayo kwe-yoga kwaqala ngeVivekananda. Manje amashumi ezigidi zabantu emhlabeni wonke asebenza kuwo. I-Yoga ibhekwa njengelithuluzi lokunakekela umzimba eliyisimangaliso kanye nemfundiso engakusiza ukuthi ufinyelele ezindaweni eziphakeme ezingakaze zibonwe ngaphambili. I-Yoga ize ingene eSoviet Union yangaphambi kwempi, ebonakala ivalwe ngokuqinile kunoma iziphi izithunywa zenkolo mbumbulu zakwamanye amazwe. Isibonelo, kwinoveli ka-I. Ilf no-E. Petrov "izihlalo eziyi-12" umlingisi oyinhloko u-Ostap Bender uneposta ye-yogi yaseNdiya enqolobaneni yomkhohlisi. UBender uqobo, ecebile, efunda i-yoga, evakashela iSoviet Union eMoscow - uBender ufuna ukwazi injongo yokuphila.
Ingxenye yokomoya ibambe iqhaza elibalulekile ekukhuthazeni i-yoga. Noma yimuphi umdlalo wendabuko noma imfundo yomzimba, ngaphandle kokungajwayelekile, ngaphandle kubonakala njengokuzikhandla okungenangqondo. Masikhumbule ibhola leSakramente “amadoda angama-22 agijima elandela ibhola elilodwa”, isibhakela, ukuqhudelana, nokugijima - lokhu kungumsebenzi wabasiki benkomishi e-sinecure. Kwi-yoga, ngisho nokugcizelela okuncane ekuqambeni amanga, kanye nasemzameni wokuma umile uncike ebunzini kuphela, kuyisinyathelo esiya ekukhanyeni, ekutholeni amandla angokomoya.
Eqinisweni, i-yoga yesimanje ayilutho nje lwesethi yokuzivocavoca umzimba, noma kwesinye isikhathi kunzima kakhulu, okulethela abafundisi nabanikazi bezikole imali enhle kakhulu. Futhi akwaziwa ukuthi ubekade engokuthile yini ngaphambili. Amapheshana alahlekile, ifa alisekho, imibhalo ayigcinwanga. Kukhona izinganekwane ngama-yogis abaphila iminyaka emakhulu amakhulu, izincazelo zama-asanas ekuchazelweni kwama-gurus anamuhla. Akugcinanga lapho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwavela ukuthi amakilasi e-yoga angaphepha kakhulu.
1. Abaphenyi baveza ubufakazi bokuqala be-yoga 2,500 BC. e. Ukuqomisana kususelwa kwimidwebo lapho "isibalo esinezimpondo, sizungezwe yizilwane, sihleli endaweni ye-yogic." Kuyiqiniso, abanye abacwaningi bagxeka ukuhumusha okunjalo futhi bathi usuku lokuvela kwe-yoga luseduze nesikhathi sethu. Ekhulwini lesithathu leminyaka BC. kwabhalwa i-Shvetashvatara Upanishad. Leli bhukwana selivele libhekane nokulawulwa kokuphefumula, ukugxila kwengqondo, ifilosofi, njll. Nokho, konke lokhu kwakudala bekuyohlala ezwenikazi laseNdiya, uma kungengenxa yokuqhuma okubili kwe-yoga.
Lokhu ukuma, uma ungakaqondi, kuyisigaba se-yoga eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane edlule.
2. Ukuqala kokuthakazelisa nge-yoga kwashukumisa iYurophu ngekhulu le-19, ngenkathi uSchopenhauer ekhuluma ngayo. AbaseBrithani, bebona ukuthi balahlekelwe ikoloni labo, baphuthuma bayocwaninga i-yoga eNdiya, bekhetha ama-nooks amnyama kanye ne-gurus emgwaqweni engcolile. Uma kubhekwa ukuthi phakathi naleli khulu leminyaka eNdiya kufinyelele ezingeni eliphakeme lokukhanyiselwa - babulawa yindlala - abantu ababalelwa ezigidini ezingama-40, intshisekelo yososayensi baseBrithani kwi-yoga njengendlela yokuphila enempilo ibukeka imnandi kakhulu. Ngandlela thile, amagama athi asana, prana ne-chakra abe semfashinini eYurophu.
Izithombe ezinjalo bekunzima ukuzisebenzisa ukukhuthaza i-yoga njengendlela yokwenza ngcono.
3. Ukuqhuma kwesibili kwe-yoga kwaqala ngawo-1950 futhi kuyaqhubeka kuze kube namuhla. Wabizwa yizinkanyezi zebhizinisi lombukiso, elivela kumahlaya nama-buffoons ngokuzumayo laphenduka abantu abahlonishwayo. Ngemuva kweMpi Yesibili Yomhlaba, abantu abasha babentula ukukhuliswa ukuze baqonde futhi babone izinkolo zendabuko; imiqondo yefilosofi yadlula kubo ngenxa yokuntuleka kwemfundo. Ngenxa yalokho, kwavela, njengoba abaculi bakudala behlabelela, ukuthi "amaHindu asungula inkolo enhle." Amabhayibheli amade namavangeli angalala emashalofini - i-guru izokuchaza konke okufishane futhi okuqondakalayo. Imfundiso yokwelulwa kwempilo nayo ibisendabeni kakhulu - ngabantu abazinzile abangaphezu kweminyaka yobudala abamaphakathi abaphupha ngokwelula impilo, abanemali yokukhokhela amakilasi negunya lokukhuthaza i-yoga kubantu abaningi. I-Yoga yaqala ukusabalala emazweni empucuko yaseNtshonalanga njengomlilo wequbula.
Izihlabani ze-Pop zibambe iqhaza elibonakalayo ekusabalaleni kwe-yoga, kuqala ngeBeatles
4. Ayikho incazelo ecacile ye-yoga. Okungenani, singasho ukuthi lokhu kuyinhlanganisela yemikhuba, eyomzimba nengokomoya, ehlose ukukhula ngokomoya nangokwenyama. Kunemikhuba eminingi enjalo, futhi akunakwenzeka ukuthola ukuthi iyiphi engcono noma elungile. Uma kwenzeka kwehluleka, umfundi uqobo uzobekwa icala, hhayi umeluleki wakhe.
5. IYoga ibhizinisi elibucayi kakhulu. E-USA, imali engenayo embonini yeyoga idlula u- $ 30 billion ngonyaka. Ngasikhathi sinye, njengenjwayelo eMelika, inzuzo ayitholwa ngokukhokhela amakilasi kuphela. Izembatho zemidlalo, izicathulo, okokusebenza, kanye nezibalo zabantu abasezimeni ezahlukahlukene ziyakhiqizwa futhi zithengiswe. ERussia, imali engenayo nge-yoga ilinganiselwa kuma-ruble angama-45-50 billion. Izizumbulu ezinkulu ezinjalo zivumela umuntu ukuthi atshale imali enkulumompikiswano ye-yoga. Futhi e-United States, izinkampani zomshuwalense zifuna ukukhokhela amakilasi e-yoga. Abaphenyi abazimele, kunjalo, balapho lapho: ngokusho kwedatha yabo, amakilasi e-yoga anciphisa ukuvakashelwa kwezibhedlela ngama-43%.
Amakilasi esikoleni se-yoga e-USA. Isifundo esisodwa sibiza okungenani u- $ 25
6. Ngokwezibalo eziqoqwe iqembu lososayensi nabafundi base-University of Alabama, eholwa nguRick Swain, kunokulimala okungathi sína kwabangu-100 000 kwabasebenza ngeyoga ngonyaka. Sekukonke, izinhlolovo zeqembu likaSwain zathola ukuthi eminyakeni eyi-14 yokuqala yekhulu lama-21, abantu abangaphezu kwama-30,000 baseMelika abenza i-yoga balimala. I-Swain inesimo sokuncoma nge-yoga, kepha futhi iyavuma ukuthi i-yoga ilusizo kuphela kubantu abavamile abanempilo. Akunakwenzeka ukwelapha noma yini, ingasaphathwa eyokululama ekulimaleni noma ekuguleni, ngosizo lokuzivocavoca ngeyoga.
7. Omunye wama-yogi odume kakhulu, uRamakrishna Paramahamsa, ubulawe ngumdlavuza womphimbo ngenxa yokuqaqamba komphimbo eneminyaka engama-50. Amanye amaphuzu avela ku-biography yakhe nawo ayafundisa. Ngesikhathi esemncane, wathola ukuthandwa phakathi kontanga yakhe, ebachazela ukuthi isikole sifundisa ukwenza imali kuphela, futhi ulwazi lwesikole aluholeli ekukhanyeni. Ngesikhathi somcimbi wokwethwasa obizwa ngeCeremony of Putting on the Sacred Cord, uRamakrishna wayefisa ukwamukela ukudla okuvela ezandleni zowesifazane ophansi, okwakucishe kube ukuhlambalaza. Esikhulile ngokwengeziwe, lo guru, kanye nomfowethu osekhulile, ngandlela thile bakholisa owesifazane ocebile ukuthi akhe isakhiwo sethempeli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umfowabo kaRamakrishna waba ngumpristi omkhulu waleli thempeli. Ngokushesha lo mzalwane wagula kakhulu futhi wathatha umhlalaphansi. URamakrishna Paramahamsa uthathe indawo yakhe kwathi ngemuva kwesikhashana wakhanyiselwa kakhulu waze washada nentombazane eneminyaka engu-7, wayiqamba ngokuthi uMama Wendawo Yonke. Kulezi zithandani, njengoba ababhali bezinto eziphilayo bebhala, kwakukhona ubudlelwane obuqhubekayo bobuNkulunkulu.
8. Ngokombono wemfundo yokuzivocavoca umzimba, i-yoga ngumsebenzi owenzelwe abantu abaphilile ngokuphelele. Iqiniso lokuthi kwenye indawo abanye abantu banempilo enhle ngenxa yokuzivocavoca umzimba akusho nakancane ukuthi ngakolunye uhlangothi loMhlaba abantu abaphinda lezi zivivinyo bazothola nempilo yensimbi. Abathandi bama-analogies bangacashunwa njengesibonelo nabaseCaucasian centenarians. Impilo yabo, lapho uthi nhlá, ichazwa ngokudla okunempilo. Inyama eningi, amakhambi, isinkwa esingenamvubelo, iwayini eliphilayo, njll. Hlala ekudleni okunjalo uphile kuze kube yiminyaka eyikhulu. Maye, ukudla okunjalo akwamukelekile kumuntu ohlala edolobheni lwanamuhla. Kumele ihlanganiswe namanzi, umoya, indlela yokuphila yendabuko nezinye izinto. Ngendlela efanayo, i-yoga iqukethe hhayi kuphela izivivinyo zomzimba eziyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa futhi nengxenye engokomoya, nokulawulwa kwamandla okugeleza. Kepha iningi labasebenzi linaka ama-asanas kuphela. Futhi bona, ngokujwayelekile, abahlukile kakhulu kokuzivocavoca kwendabuko kokuzivocavoca umzimba.
9. Ngesikhathi sekoloni lamaNgisi, ama-yogi, kwesinye isikhathi abizwa ngama-yogi, ehliswa isithunzi esivela esizweni esinjengempi esihlala kakhulu njengomqaphi okhohlisayo wezihambeli zohwebo, kwaba ngabantu abalahliwe ababenqatshelwe ukuphatha izikhali nokuvela emigwaqweni benqunu. Ngekhulu le-19, bephucwe noma iyiphi enye indlela yokuziphilisa, ama-yogi agcwalisa imigwaqo yamadolobha aseNdiya, ekhombisa ukuma okumangazayo ababekwenza belungiselela ubunzima bezempi. Abantu baseYurophu nabaningi baseNdiya babaphatha njengabenzi bemilingo kakhulu, uma kungenjalo njengabakhohlisi.
Ubunqunu bama-yogi buhlale budala okungenani ukudideka phakathi kwabaseYurophu
10. Lesi sihloko esithi "Hatha Yoga Pradipika" sichaza ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi yiziphi izinyathelo okufanele zithathwe nokuthi iziphi izigaba okufanele zinqotshwe endleleni eya entsheni yaphakade nokukhanyiselwa okukhulu. Ngokusho kombhali walesi sihloko, ukukhanyiselwa kanye nentsha kungafinyelelwa ngokugwinya imichilo yezicubu bese ibuyiselwa emuva, ngaleyo ndlela ihlanze umgudu wamathumbu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuhle ukucwilisa emanzini kuze kufike enkabeni, ngemuva kokufaka induku yoqalo endunu. Kunezinhlobo eziningana "zokuzivocavoca" okunjalo kulesi sivumelwano nezinye ezifanayo. Abalandeli be-yoga banamuhla kufanele babonge omunye wabasakazi bayo abaphambili eNtshonalanga, uKrishnamacharya nabafundi bakhe. Yibo ababumba isisekelo se-yoga yanamuhla yaseNtshonalanga, bekhetha kwizincomo zakudala izivivinyo ezamukelekayo kakhulu ekusatshalalisweni kwabantu abaningi. Ngakho-ke kuyabheda ukubheka okwenziwa ama-yogi njengolunye uhlobo lokuhlakanipha kweminyaka eyinkulungwane. Lokhu kuhlakanipha kudalwe okudala kakhulu phakathi nendawo - ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-XIX. Inqwaba yemiyalo ye-yoga isencane kakhulu.
11. Omunye wamakhosi e-yoga adume kakhulu futhi acebe kakhulu, u-B.K.S.Iyengar, wavula indlela eya e-Europe nakwezamabhizinisi amakhulu ngu-fihudi ovelele u-Yehudi Menuhin. Uhlele imidlalo yokuqala ye-Iyengar eYurophu, ngemuva kwalokho waba yisikhulu esaziwayo. U-Iyengar ushicilele izincwadi eziningana esezithengiswe kakhulu, inani labafundi bakhe lisezinkulungwaneni. Uyaziwa nangokuthi wephule umgogodla womunye wabafundi bakhe abazinikele kakhulu, uViktor van Kutten, ngenkathi evula umgogodla wakhe ongaphezulu.
B. Iyengar
12. Ngo-Mashi 2019, u-American Rebecca Lee, obesenza i-yoga kusukela ngo-1996 futhi ebhuloga ku-Instagram, wenza i-handstand enzima ngemuva kwalokho wazizwa engaphilile. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, kuvele ukuthi ngenkathi enza lo msebenzi, uRebecca walimaza umthambo ohambisa igazi ebuchosheni, futhi wahlaselwa isifo sohlangothi. Ngemuva kokwelashwa, wazizwa engcono. URebecca uqhubeke nezifundo zakhe zeyoga, kepha manje uhlala ezizwa edonsa ngesandla, uphethwe yikhanda elibuhlungu futhi akakwazi ukukhuluma isikhathi eside.
URebecca Lee uyaqhubeka nokwenza i-yoga yize enesifo sohlangothi
13. Imbongi, imilingo, umlumbi omnyama noSatanist u-Aleister Crowley wenza i-yoga ngaphansi kwegama likaMahatma Guru Sri Paramahamsa Shivaji. Ngokusho kwabanye abalandeli be-yoga, uCrowley wayiqonda kahle ingqikithi yayo futhi wazi ama-asanas ambalwa. Waze wabhala indatshana nge-yoga ebizwa ngeBerashit, lapho achaza khona isimo sakhe sengqondo ngeRaja Yoga.
U-Aleister Crowley ukhonze ngaphezu kukaSathane
14. "Ucansi Guru" uBhagavan Shri Radnish, owaziwa kangcono njengo-Osho, wenza ubulili beqembu ngaphezu kwama-asanas nokuzindla. Ngokusho kwezimfundiso zakhe, umuntu kufanele ahlanganise ubulili nengokomoya. Izinkolo ezigxeka ubulili obukhululekile, u-Osho wabiza "izinkolo ezibizwa", futhi wabiza ukuhlangana ngokocansi ngokuthi "ukuzindla okunamandla." Ngisho nodokotela wakhe ngemuva kokuxoshwa, okuphambene nokuziphatha kwezokwelapha, wabiza u-Osho nge-maniac yezocansi. U-Osho ushone ngo-1990 eneminyaka engama-58. Imbangela yokufa kwaba ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo guru wezocansi uphethwe yisifuba somoya kanye nesifo sikashukela.
Ukweqisa, kufaka phakathi ezocansi, akuzange kusize ngalutho iBhagavan Shri Radnish
15. Odokotela base-US sebevele basebenzisa ukuxilongwa kwe-yoga foot drop. Ngaleli gama, babiza ukulimala okuhlukahlukene emilenzeni etholwe ngesikhathi se-yoga. Imvamisa lokhu kuzona zonke izinhlobo zokuncinwa kwezinzwa nemisipha, okwenzeka ngenxa yokuba sesimweni semvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abasebenza nge-yoga bangahlangabezana nezinkinga zokujikeleza kwegazi ebuchosheni ngenxa yama-engeli entamo angajwayelekile enziwa nge-yoga. Imikhumbi yentamo ayakhelwanga ukugoba kuma-engeli abucayi futhi ayikwazi ukuqeqeshwa. Izikole mayelana nokulimala okunjalo zaqala ukuvela emaphephandabeni ezokwelapha aseYurophu naseMelika emuva ngawo-1970, kepha kuze kube manje abasebenza nge-yoga bakwazile ukuthi bathi ukulimala kubangelwa ukushiyeka kwabasebenza ngazinye.
