Kuze kube muva nje, imibono emibili ye-polar ivelele encazelweni yomlando nempilo yamaSlav asendulo. Ngokweyokuqala, yokufunda kakhulu, ngaphambi kokuba ukukhanya kobuKristu kukhanye emazweni aseRussia, kunabantu abangamaqaba asendle ababehlala emaqeleni asendle nasemahlathini asendle. Ngempela, balima okuthile, bahlwanyela futhi bakha okuthile, kodwa ngokuzihlukanisa nohlobo oluthile lwempucuko yomhlaba eyayihambe phambili kakhulu. Ukwamukelwa kobuKristu kwasheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kwamaSlav, kepha okusilele okukhona akukwazi ukunqotshwa. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukuyeka ukufuna eyakho indlela. Sidinga ukuthuthuka, siphinda indlela yamazwe athuthukile.
Umbono wesibili uvelile, ngokunokwenzeka, njengokusabela kokuthoma, okucasula kakhulu (uma ungafuni ukusebenzisa igama elithi "ubuhlanga"). Ngokusho kwabasekeli balo mbono, amaSlav adala ulimi lokuqala, lapho bonke abanye behla khona. AmaSlav anqoba umhlaba wonke, njengoba kufakazelwa izimpande zeSlavic zamagama ezindawo kuwo wonke amagumbi omhlaba, njll.
Iqiniso, ngokungafani nesisho esidumile, alikho phakathi. AmaSlav athuthuke cishe ngendlela efanayo nabanye abantu, kepha ngaphansi kwethonya elikhulu lezinto zemvelo nezendawo. Isibonelo, umnsalo waseRussia ungumthombo wokuziqhenya kubacwaningi abaningi. Yakhiwe izingxenye eziningana, inamandla amakhulu futhi inembe kakhudlwana kunomnsalo wamaNgisi owaziwa nguRobin Hood kanye ne-Battle of Crécy. Kodwa-ke, eNgilandi enamahlathi ngaleso sikhathi, umnsalo, oshaya ngamamitha angama-250, wawudingeka kuphela emincintiswaneni. Engxenyeni emathafeni eRussia, kwakudingeka umnsalo webanga elide. Ngisho nento encane efana neminsalo ehlukene ayikhulumi ngekhono labantu lokuthuthuka, kodwa ngezimo ezahlukahlukene zokuphila. Bayithonye kakhulu indlela yokuphila nezinkolelo zabantu abahlukahlukene.
I-caveat edingekayo: "AmaSlav" ngumqondo ojwayelekile kakhulu. Ososayensi bahlanganise inqwaba yabantu ngaphansi kwaleli gama, kuyilapho bevuma ngokusobala ukuthi kuphela ulimi lokuqala olungajwayelekile phakathi kwalaba bantu, futhi noma ngabe kunjalo ngokubhuka. Ngamafuphi, abaseRussia bathola ukuthi bona, amaBulgaria, amaCzech, namaSlav, kuphela ngokuthuthuka kwezilimi nokukhula kokuqonda kwabantu kwezepolitiki ngekhulu le-18 kuya kwele-19. Ngakho-ke, akunangqondo ukukhuluma ngezici ezithile ezivamile phakathi kwabo bonke abantu baseSlavic. Amaqiniso anikezwe kuleli qoqo athinta amaSlav ahlala endaweni yaseBelarus yanamuhla, e-Ukraine naseYurophu yaseRussia. Ngokusho ngezigaba zezilimi, lawa angamaSlav aseMpumalanga.
1. AmaSlavs asendulo ayenohlelo oluhambisanayo oluchaza, yize lwalusezingeni lakudala, isakhiwo sendawo yonke. Umhlaba, ngokwezinkolelo zabo, ufana neqanda. Umhlaba uyisikhuphasha saleli qanda, uzungezwe amagobolondo-amazulu. Kunamagobolondo asezulwini anjalo ayi-9. ILanga, iNyanga-Inyanga, amafu, amafu, imimoya nezinye izinto zasezulwini zinamagobolondo akhethekile. Igobolondo lesikhombisa, umngcele ongezansi ucishe uhlale uqinile - leli gobolondo liqukethe amanzi. Kwesinye isikhathi igobolondo liyavuleka noma liphuke - bese lina imvula yobukhulu obuhlukahlukene. Kwenye indawo kude, kude, isihlahla somhlaba siyakhula. Emagatsheni awo, izinhlobo zayo yonke into ephilayo emhlabeni ziyakhula, kusukela ezitshalweni ezincane kuya ezilwaneni ezinkulu. Izinyoni ezifudukayo ziya lapho, emqhele womuthi, ekwindla. Ngenye indlela, kukhona isiQhingi ezulwini lapho kuhlala khona izitshalo nezilwane. Uma amazulu efuna, bazothumela phansi izilwane nezitshalo kubantu. Uma abantu bezoyiphatha kabi imvelo, mabazilungiselele indlala.
2. Ikheli elithi "Umama Womhlaba" nalo livela ezinkolelweni zamaSlavs asendulo, lapho iZulu lalingubaba futhi uMhlaba wayengumama. Igama likababa kwakunguSvarog noma uSribog. Nguye owanika abantu ababehlala ku-Stone Age, umlilo nensimbi. Umhlaba wawubizwa ngeMokosh noma iMokosh. Kuyaziwa ukuthi wayephakathi konkulunkulu bamaSlavic - isithombe sasimi ethempelini laseKiev. Kepha ukuthi yini ngempela uMakosh ayiphathisiwe kuyindaba yokuphikisana. Ukuze abathandi banamuhla bahlukanise amagama asendulo, ngokususelwa ezinkambisweni zolimi lwesiRussia lwanamuhla, konke kulula: "Ma-", kunjalo, "Mama", "-kosh" yisikhwama semali, "uMakosh" ungumgcini womama wayo yonke ingcebo. Izazi ezingamaSlavic, kunjalo, zinenqwaba yezincazelo zazo.
3. I-swastika edume kabi iwuphawu oluyinhloko lweLanga. Kwakugcwele emhlabeni wonke, kufaka phakathi amaSlav. Ekuqaleni, kwakuyisiphambano nje - ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zasemkhathini, isiphambano singabonakala eLangeni naseceleni kwaso. Kamuva, izimpawu ezincane zafakwa esiphambanweni njengophawu lweLanga. Isiphambano esimnyama esingemuva esikhanyayo siyisibonakaliso selanga lasebusuku “elibi”. Ukukhanya kumnyama kuphambene. Ukunikeza amandla ezimpawu, kwengezwa iziphambano emikhawulweni yesiphambano. Kungaphezulu kweminyaka nje lapho imininingwane ethile ilahlekile, futhi manje akwaziwa ukuthi ukuzungeza ngakuphi uhlangothi kwenza i-swastika ibe uphawu oluqondile. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kwemicimbi eyaziwayo yekhulu lama-20, i-swastika inencazelo eyodwa kuphela.
4. Imisebenzi emibili enjalo ewusizo, njengensimbi neyokugaya, yayinezivivinyo eziphikisana ngokuphelele nezinkolelo zamaSlav. Abakhi bensimbi bathola ikhono labo cishe ngqo kuSvarog, futhi ubuciko babo babhekwa njengabafanele kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, isithombe seNsimbi ezindabeni eziningi zezinganekwane cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi siwumlingiswa omuhle, oqinile futhi onomusa. Umshini wokugaya, eqinisweni, wenza umsebenzi ofanayo ekucutshungweni kokuqala kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, uhlala ebonakala ehaha futhi enobuqili. Umehluko ngukuthi abakhandi bensimbi babebhekene nomlilo othanjisiwe owenza i-Sun abe wumuntu, kuyilapho abagibeli bezuza ngezinto eziphikisana ne-Sun - Water or Wind. Mhlawumbe, ukube abenzi bensimbi babekade benobuhlakani bokusebenzisa amandla amanzi ukuphakamisa isando, inganekwane ngabe yathuthuka ngokuhlukile.
5. Inqubo yokuzala nokubeletha ingane yayizungezwe inqwaba yamasiko nemikhuba. Ukukhulelwa bekufanele kufihlwe ekuqaleni ukuze abathakathi noma abathakathi bangazithathi izicubu zabo esikhundleni sazo. Lapho sekungenakwenzeka ukufihla ukukhulelwa, umama okhulelwe waqala ukukhombisa zonke izinhlobo zokunakwa futhi wamsusa emsebenzini onzima kakhulu. Eduze nokubeletha, umama okhulelwe waqala ukuzihlukanisa kancane kancane. Kwakukholelwa ukuthi ukubeletha kungukufa okufanayo, kuphela ngesibonakaliso esiphambene, futhi akufanelekile ukuheha ukunakekelwa komunye umhlaba kubo. Ngakho-ke, bazalela endlini yokugeza - kude nesakhiwo sokuhlala, endaweni ehlanzekile. Vele, lwalungekho usizo lochwepheshe bezokubelethisa. Ngendima yombelethisi - owesifazane owabopha, "wasonta" intambo yengane ngentambo, bathatha esinye sezihlobo ezazivele zizele izingane eziningana.
6. Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zazigqokiswa ihembe elenziwe ngezingubo zabazali bazo, kanti indodana yathola izingubo kuyise nendodakazi kumama. Ngaphezu kwenani lofuzo, izingubo zokuqala zazisebenza futhi. Izinga lokufa kwezinsana laliphezulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke babengajahi ukusebenzisa ilineni elihlanzekile ezingutsheni zezinsana. Izingane zathola izingubo ezihambelana nobulili ebusheni, ngemuva komcimbi wokuthwasa wabafana.
7. AmaSlav, njengabo bonke abantu basendulo, ayebhekisisa amagama awo. Igama elinikezwa umuntu lapho ezalwa lalijwayele ukwaziwa kuphela amalungu omndeni nabangane abasondelene. Amagama eziteketiso ayethandwa kakhulu, kamuva aguqulwa aba izibongo. Babekhetha iziteketiso zibe nezinhlamvu ezingezinhle, ukuze imimoya emibi inganamatheli kumuntu. Ngakho-ke ubuningi beziqalo "Hhayi" no "Ngaphandle (ama) -" kwabaseRussia. Babiza umuntu ngo "Nekrasov", ngakho mubi, yini ongayithatha kuye? Futhi kusuka ku- "Beschastnykh"? Endaweni ethile kulokhu kucubungula kunezimpande zomthetho wokuziphatha, ngokusho ukuthi abantu ababili kufanele bethulwe ngomunye umuntu. Ukujwayeleka, njengoba kunjalo, kuqinisekisa amagama angempela, hhayi iziteketiso zabantu abahlangane nabo.
8. Emshadweni wamaSlavic, umakoti wayehamba phambili. Nguye owashada, okungukuthi, washiya umndeni wakhe. Kumkhwenyana, umshado wawuyisibonakaliso nje sokushintsha kwesimo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umakoti uma eshada, ubonakala elufela uhlobo lwakhe futhi azalwe kolunye. Isiko lokuthatha isibongo somyeni libuyela emuva ngqo emibonweni yamaSlav.
9. Kaningi, ngesikhathi kumbiwa izindawo zasendulo, kutholakala izingebhezi zamahhashi. Ngakho bahlabela onkulunkulu, baqala ukwakha indlu entsha. Izinganekwane mayelana nomhlatshelo womuntu azinasiqinisekiso esinjalo. Futhi ugebhezi lwamahhashi, cishe, lwaluluphawu - akunakwenzeka ukuthi noma ngubani, ngisho nokuqala ukwakhiwa kwendlu enkulu, wayezoya ezindlekweni ezinjalo. Ngaphansi komqhele wokuqala walesi sakhiwo esisha, kwagqitshwa ugebhezi lwehhashi eseliliwile noma elibulewe.
Izindawo zokuhlala zamaSlav zihlukile, okokuqala, kuya ngezimo zemvelo. Eningizimu, indlu beyivame ukumbiwa inhlabathi ibe yimitha elilodwa ukujula. Lokhu kugcine izinto zokwakha futhi kwagawulwa izindleko zokubasa. Ezindaweni eziningi ezisenyakatho, kwafakwa izindlu ukuze phansi okungenani kube sezingeni lomhlabathi, futhi okungcono kakhulu, ukuze lezo eziphakeme zivikelwe kumswakama omningi. Log izindlu, isikwele ngohlelo, zakhiwa kakade ngekhulu lesi-8. Ubuchwepheshe bokwakhiwa okunjalo kwakulula futhi kungabizi kangako ukuthi babukhona kuyo yonke inkulungwane yeminyaka. Kwakungangekhulu le-16 kuphela lapho izindlu zazishiswa ngokhuni.
11. Amasaha ayengavamisile ukusetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwezindlu, yize leli thuluzi lalivele laziwa ngekhulu lesi-9. Akukona ngokuhlehlela emuva kokhokho bethu. Izinkuni eziqoshwe ngembazo zivikela kakhulu ukubola - imbazo iyajiya imicu. Imicu yokhuni lwesaha i-shaggy, ngakho-ke izinkuni ezinjengalezi zimanzi futhi zibole ngokushesha. Ngisho nangekhulu le-19, osonkontileka bahlawulisa imifelandawonye yokubaza uma bengasebenzisi amasaha. Usonkontileka udinga indlu azoyithengisa, ubude bayo abunantshisekelo.
12. Kwakunezimpawu, izinkolelo nezinkolelo eziningi kakhulu kangangokuba ezinye izinqubo zazithatha izinsuku ezimbalwa. Isibonelo, kungeniswe indlu entsha kungakapheli isonto. Ekuqaleni, ikati lavunyelwa ukungena ekhaya elisha - kwakukholakala ukuthi amakati abona imimoya emibi. Ngemuva kwalokho bavumela izilwane zingene endlini yezinga lokubaluleka kwazo emnothweni. Futhi kuphela ngemuva kokuba ihhashi lichithe ubusuku endlini, abantu, kusukela kwabadala, bathuthela kulo. Inhloko yomndeni, uma ingena endlini, kwakumele iphathe isinkwa noma inhlama. U-hostess upheke iphalishi endlini endala, kodwa hhayi kuze kube sekulungile - bekufanele liphekwe endaweni entsha.
13. Kusukela ngekhulu lesi-6, amaSlav ayefudumeza imizi yawo futhi epheka ukudla eziko. Lezi zitofu "zazibhema", "zimnyama" - intuthu yaqonda ngqo ekamelweni. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi eside amaqhugwane ayengenawo uphahla - indawo engaphansi kophahla yayihloselwe intuthu, uphahla naphezulu kwezindonga ngaphakathi kwakumnyama ngomsizi nangomsizi. Awekho ama-grates noma amapuleti esitofu. Okwenziwe ngensimbi nangamapani, imbobo yayimane ishiywe odongeni olungaphezulu lwehhavini. Kwakungekhona neze okubi ngokuphelele ukuthi intuthu yaphumela ezindlini zokuhlala. Izinkuni ezibhemayo azizange zibole futhi azizange zimunce umswakama - umoya oseqhugwaneni lezinkukhu uhlale womile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umusi uyisinqanda magciwane esinamandla esivimbela ukusakazeka kwemikhuhlane.
14. "Igumbi eliphezulu" - ingxenye engcono kakhulu yeqhugwane elikhulu. Wayebiyelwe ekamelweni ngesitofu sodonga esingenalutho, esasifudumeza kahle. Okusho ukuthi, igumbi lalifudumele futhi kungekho ntuthu. Futhi igama lekamelo elinjalo, lapho izivakashi ezithandeka kakhulu zamukelwa khona, zamukelwa zisuka egameni elithi "phezulu" - "elingenhla", ngenxa yendawo elikuyo ephakeme ukwedlula lonke iqhugwane. Kwesinye isikhathi kwakwenziwa umnyango ohlukile oya egumbini eliphezulu.
15. Amathuna awazange abizwe ekuqaleni ngokuthi amathuna. Izindawo zokuhlala, ikakhulukazi engxenyeni esenyakatho yeRussia, zazincane - amaqhugwane ambalwa. Kwakunendawo eyanele kuphela yabahlali abahlala unomphela. Ngenkathi intuthuko iqhubeka, ezinye zazo, ikakhulukazi lezo ezisendaweni enenzuzo, zanda. In parallel, kwakukhona inqubo impahla kanye stratification professional. Kwavela ama-inns, abaphathi bazalwa. Njengoba amandla ezikhulu ayekhula, kwadingeka ukuthi kuqoqwe izintela futhi kulawulwe le nqubo. Isikhulu sakhetha izindawo zokuhlala eziningana lapho kwakukhona izimo ezingamukeleki kakhulu zokuphila kwakhe nenqwaba yakhe, futhi wabamisa njengamathuna - izindawo lapho ungahlala khona. Izinkokhelo ezahlukahlukene zilethwe lapho. Kanye ngonyaka, imvamisa ebusika, isikhulu sasizungeza amagceke esonto saso, sihamba naso. Ngakho-ke igceke lesonto luhlobo oluthile lwe-analogue yokuphathwa kwentela. Igama lathola isichasiselo somngcwabo vele eNkathini Ephakathi.
16. Umqondo weRussia njengezwe lamadolobha, "iGardarike", uthathwe emibhalweni yaseNtshonalanga Yurophu. Kodwa-ke, ubuningi bamadolobha, ngokunembile, "amalokishi" - izindawo zokuhlala ezibiyelwe ngodonga noma udonga, azikhulumi ngokuqondile ngobuningi babantu noma ngezinga eliphezulu lentuthuko yensimu. Izindawo zokuhlala zamaSlavic zazincane futhi zihlukanisiwe. Kukho konke ukwaneliseka kwamapulazi angaleso sikhathi, uhlobo oluthile lokushintshaniswa kwezimpahla lwaludingeka nokho. Izindawo zalokhu kushintshana zakhula kancane kancane, njengoba bengasho manje, ngengqalasizinda: ukuxoxisana, izinqolobane, izindawo zokugcina izimpahla. Futhi uma inani labantu abahlala endaweni encane, uma kwenzeka ingozi, bangena ehlathini, bethatha izinto ezilula, khona-ke okuqukethwe edolobheni kwakufanele kuvikelwe. Ngakho-ke bakha ama-palisade, ngasikhathi sinye benza amabutho empi futhi baqasha amasosha angongcweti ahlala unomphela eDetinets - ingxenye yedolobha ebiyelwe kakhulu. Amadolobha kamuva akhula emadolobheni amaningi, kepha amaningi ashonele ekukhohlweni.
17. Umugqa wokuqala wamapulangwe owatholakala eNovgorod wakhiwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-10. Abavubukuli abakatholi lutho lwangaphambilini edolobheni. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ngemuva kweminyaka engaba yikhulu isimo sezindlela zokuhamba zaseNovgorod saqashwa ngabantu abakhethekile ababebandakanyeka kulokhu kuphela. Futhi ngekhulu le-13, kwase kusele kusebenza umqulu ophelele eNovgorod, owawuchaza kabanzi ngemithwalo yemfanelo yabantu basemadolobheni, inkokhelo yokulungiswa kwamapharagrafu, njll. phezu kwakhe. Ngakho-ke izindaba ezimayelana nodaka olungapheli lwaseRussia azenziwanga ngokweqile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abamele abantu abakhe ngenkuthalo amadolobha abo ngezindlu ezenziwe ngezinduku nodaka, ezibizwa ngezindlu ezinamapulangwe ayisiqingatha, bashisekela kakhulu ihaba.
18. Isishayo sangempela sengxenye yesifazane yomphakathi wamaSlavic sasingewona umkhwekazi onenkani, kodwa intambo. Uphelezele lo wesifazane ngokoqobo kusuka ekuzalweni kuya ethuneni. Umthambo wentombazanyana esanda kuzalwa wawuboshwe ngentambo ekhethekile, futhi intambo yayisikwa othini lokuphotha. Amantombazane aqala ukufunda ukujikeleza hhayi eminyakeni ethile, kepha njengoba ekhula ngokomzimba. Intambo yokuqala, ekhishwe yi-spinner esencane, yasindiswa ngaphambi komshado - yathathwa njengekhubalo elibalulekile. Bukhona-ke nokho ubufakazi bokuthi kwezinye izizwe intambo yokuqala yashiswa ngesizotha, nomlotha wanyakaziswa ngamanzi wanikezwa le ngcweti yezinsizwa ukuba iphuze. Ukukhiqizwa kwabasebenzi kwakuphansi kakhulu. Ngemuva kokuvuna, bonke abesifazane babenza ilineni okungenani amahora ayi-12 ngosuku. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kwakungekho nsalela ngisho nasemindenini emikhulu. Yebo, uma intombazane eneminyaka yobudala engashada ikwazi ukuzithungatha isethi ephelele yamalobolo, lokhu kukhombisa ngokushesha ukuthi umlingisi okhuthele uyashada. Ngemuva kwalokho, akagcinanga ngemishini yokwaluka kuphela, kodwa futhi wayisika, wayithunga, wayihlobisa nangeyokuhlobisa. Vele, wonke umndeni wamsiza, hhayi ngaphandle kwakhe. Kepha noma ngosizo, amantombazane esimo sezulu abeyinkinga - abambelele kakhulu kuhlaka lwesikhathi sokulungiselela amadili amabili.
19. Isaga esithi “Bahlangana ngezingubo zabo…” asisho neze ukuthi umuntu kufanele enze okugqamile ngokubukeka kwakhe. Ezingutsheni zamaSlav, kwakukhona izinto eziningi ezibonisa ukuthi zingezohlobo oluthile (lokhu bekuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu), isimo senhlalo, ubungcweti noma umsebenzi womuntu. Ngakho-ke, imvunulo yowesilisa noma yowesifazane akumele icebe noma ibe yinhle ngokukhethekile. Kufanele ihambisane nesimo sangempela somuntu. Ngokwephula lo myalo, futhi ungajeziswa. Ama-echoes obukhali obunjalo aqhubeka isikhathi eside kakhulu. Isibonelo, manje sekuyimfashini ukuphula imikhonto yokugqoka umfaniswano wesikole (ngasendleleni, kulokhu, akusebenzi - ngaphakathi kwezindonga zesikole kuyacaca ukuthi ingane ehamba ngakuwe ingumfundi).Kepha noma ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, abafundi bezikole zamabanga aphakeme namantombazane esikoleni samabanga aphakeme kwakudingeka ukuthi bagqoke iyunifomu nezingubo yonke indawo, ngaphandle kwezindonga zasekhaya. Labo ababonwa kwezinye izingubo bajeziswa - awuhambisani nesimo sezingubo, ngicela, emakhazeni ...
20. Ngisho nangaphambi kokufika kwamaVargania ne-Epiphany, amaSlav ayesebenza ngenkuthalo ekuhwebeni kwamanye amazwe. Izinhlamvu zemali ezivela emakhulwini okuqala enkathi entsha zitholakala yonke indawo endaweni yazo. Imikhankaso eya eConstantinople yenziwa ngenhloso yokuvimbela izimo ezihamba phambili zokuhweba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaSlav ayehileleke ekuthumeleni imikhiqizo eyayiyinkimbinkimbi impela ngaleso sikhathi. Isikhumba esiqediwe, izindwangu, ngisho nensimbi kwathengiswa eNyakatho Yurophu. Ngasikhathi sinye, abathengisi beSlavic bathutha izimpahla emikhunjini yokwakhiwa kwabo, kepha ukwakhiwa kwemikhumbi isikhathi eside kwahlala kugxilwe kubuchwepheshe obuphakeme kakhulu, i-analogue yamanje ye-rocket ne-space industry.
