ISt. Peter's Basilica, etholakala e-Italy, enyakatho nenkaba yeRome, iyithempeli eliyinhloko labo bonke abalandeli bamaKatolika. Ithempeli liyisiqholo sombuso omncane kepha onamandla weVatican, ufeza umsebenzi wedayosisi kaPapa. Ubuciko bobuciko obenziwe ngesitayela seBaroque se-Renaissance. Ngaphakathi kwezindonga zesakhiwo kugcinwa izinto eziningi zobuciko, ubuciko obubalulekile babadwebi nababazi besikhathi esedlule.
Izigaba zokwakhiwa kweSt. Peter's Cathedral
Izingcweti zase-Italy ezinethalente kakhulu zabamba iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo esiyingqayizivele. Umlando wokwakhiwa kwethempeli waqala ngo-1506. Ngalesi sikhathi, umakhi wezakhiwo ogama lakhe linguDonato Bramante uphakamise umklamo wesakhiwo esifana nesimo sesiphambano samaGrikhi. Inkosi yanikela ngengxenye eyinhloko yempilo yayo ukusebenza esakhiweni esihle, futhi ngemuva kokufa kwakhe, uRaphael Santi waqhubeka nomsebenzi wokuzibophezela, efaka isiphambano sesiGreki ngesesiLatini.
Eminyakeni eyalandela, ukuthuthukiswa kweSt.Peter's Cathedral eRoma kwenziwa nguBaldassare Peruzzi, uMichelangelo Buonarotti. Lezi zamuva zisize ekuqiniseni isisekelo, zanikeza izakhiwo isakhiwo sokwakha isikhumbuzo, sasihlobisa ngokufaka i-portico yamakholomu amaningi emnyango.
Engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu le-17, ngemiyalo kaPaul V, umklami uCarlo Maderno wandise ingxenye esempumalanga yesakhiwo. Ngasohlangothini olusentshonalanga, uPapa wayalela ukuthi kwakhiwe indawo engamamitha angama-48, lapho abangcwele abanokuphakama kwamamitha ayisithupha manje - uJesu Kristu, uJohane uMbhapathizi nabanye.
Ukwakhiwa kwesikwele esiseduze neSt. Peter's Basilica kwanikezwa uGiovanni Lorenzo Bernini, umakhi osemusha onekhono. Ngenxa yobuhlakani bayo obungenakuphikwa, le ndawo isibe ngenye yezindawo ezinhle kakhulu zokwakha e-Italy.
Inhloso enkulu yesikwele esiphambi kwethempeli ukuhlalisa imibuthano emikhulu yamakholwa eze ukuzobusisa uPapa noma abambe iqhaza emicimbini yamaKhatholika. Ngaphezu kokuhlela isikwele, uBernini wayaziwa ngokubamba iqhaza kwakhe ekuhlelweni kwethempeli - ungumnikazi wezithombe eziningi ezibe ngesinye sezingcezu ezinhle kakhulu zomhlobiso wangaphakathi.
Kuyathakazelisa ukwazi - ngekhulu elidlule, abaphathi bokubaza nokwakha ngezikhathi ezithile baletha izinto ezintsha ekwakhiweni kwethempeli. Ngo-1964, umdwebi wezakhiwo uGiacomo Manzu wayesebenza ekuqedeni "iSango Lokufa".
Amaqiniso amahle ngeSt. Peter's Basilica
ISt. Peter's Basilica iyahlaba umxhwele ngobukhulu nobukhulu bayo. Nawa amanye amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngaleli thempeli elikhulu angahlaba umxhwele okholwayo nongakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu:
- Enye yezinsalela ezibaluleke kakhulu zobuKristu igcinwe ethempelini elikhulu - umkhonto kaLonginus, abhoboza ngawo uJesu Kristu obethelwe esiphambanweni.
- Ngokuya ngobude, i-basilica ithatha indawo ye-10 phakathi kwezinye izakhiwo zamaKatolika nezama-Orthodox emhlabeni jikelele (ifinyelela kumamitha ayi-137).
- Ithempeli lithathwa njengendawo okwakuthiwa yithuna lomphostoli uPetru wasebhayibhelini, owaqanjwa okokuqala nguPapa (phambilini ialtare lalibekwe ngaphezu kokungcwatshwa kwalowo usanta).
- Lesi sakhiwo singahlala okungenani abantu abangama-60,000 uma kunesidingo.
- Isikwele esidume umhlaba wonke iSt.Peter's Square, esisendaweni yesonto, kuhlelwe ngesimo somgodi wokhiye.
- Ukuze ukhuphukele esiqongweni sedome lesonto lamaKristu, kuzodingeka unqobe izinyathelo ezingama-871 (ikheshi linikezwa izivakashi ezinempilo ebuthaka).
- Itshe lethuna elidumile "uPieta" ("Isililo sikaKristu"), elisesandleni sikaMichelangelo, ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-70. kwekhulu elidlule kwenziwa eminye imizamo emibili yokubulawa. Ukuze ulondoloze umsebenzi wobuciko wobuciko ekungeneleleni okungenzeka, wawuvikeleka ngekhiyubhu evikela inhlamvu esobala.
- Ngokuyalelwa nguMbusi waseRussia uPaul I, iSt Peter's Cathedral yaba yisibonelo sokwakhiwa kweSonto LaseKazan eliseSt. Ngaphandle kokuthi uhlobo lwasekhaya lwesakhiwo lunezici zalo, ukufana kwemininingwane eminingi kusobala.
Yize sekuneminyaka yobudala be-cathedral, iSt Peter's Cathedral isagcina isicoco sesonto lamaKatolika elibaluleke kakhulu, iheha amakholwa avela kuwo wonke umhlaba minyaka yonke.
Incazelo yesakhiwo sangaphakathi sesonto elikhulu
Ubukhulu bengaphakathi le-cathedral buhle kakhulu. Ithempeli lihlukaniswe ngendlela ekhethekile - ama-naves amathathu (amakamelo ahlukanisiwe anezinsika ezinhlangothini). I-nave emaphakathi yehlukanisiwe nenye yonke ngama-arch vaults angaba ngu-23 m ukuphakama futhi okungenani ayi-13 m ububanzi.
Emnyango wethempeli, kunesiqalo segalari esifinyelela ku-90 m ubude, sigudla ekugcineni ngonyawo lwe-altare. Omunye wamakhothamo (owokugcina kunkaba enkulu) ubonakala ngokuba khona kwesibalo sethusi sikaPeter kuso. Minyaka yonke, izixuku zabahambi ziyazama ukubona lesi sithombe, sinethemba lokusithinta, sithola ukwelashwa nokusizwa.
Ukunakwa kwabo bonke abavakashela ethempelini kudonswa njalo yidiski elenziwe ngobumba olubomvu lwaseGibhithe. Leli sayithi le-cathedral langena emlandweni ngoba ngo-800 iCharlemagne eguqe phansi yema kuyo, nasezinkathini ezalandela - ababusi abaningi baseYurophu.
Ukunconywa kubangelwa indalo yesandla sikaLorenzo Bernini, owanikela amashumi ambalwa eminyaka ethempelini lobuKristu nasendaweni yalo yesonto lombhishobhi. Okuqaphelekayo ikakhulukazi yisithombe sikaLonginus esenziwe yilo mbhali, i-kevorium enjenge-canopy emile ezinsikeni ezibunjiwe, kanye nepulpiti loMphostoli uPeter.
Imininingwane ewusizo - ukuthatha izithombe ngaphakathi kwe-Cathedral kuvunyelwe kuphela ezindaweni ezithile, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-flash.
Imininingwane ebalulekile yezivakashi
Kukhona ikhodi yokugqoka eqinile ensimini yesonto elikhulu elihola lamaKatolika, ukulawula ukuthi liphathiswe amahlombe ezisebenzi ezikhethekile. Izivakashi azivunyelwe ukuza ethempelini zigqoke izingubo ezingavaliwe ngokwanele, izicathulo ezinesitayela sasebhishi. Abesifazane kufanele babe nezingalo namahlombe afihliwe, ingubo noma isiketi kungaba yinde kuphela (kungakuhle ukuyeka ibhulukwe nejean). Amadoda akufanele avele endaweni yesonto elikhulu egqoke izikibha ezivulekile nezikhindi.
Kubantu abavamile abanesifiso sokukhuphuka emphemeni wokubuka, ayikho imikhawulo eqinile ekukhetheni izingubo. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kokwehla, izivakashi ezigqoke izingubo ezigqamile zingacelwa ukuba zishiye i-diocese, zenqabe ukungena ethempelini elikhulu futhi ziqhubeke nokuhambela ezinye izindawo.
Ukuvakashela eminyuziyamu esendaweni yaseSt. Peter's Basilica kuyeka ngaphambi kwesikhathi - ihora elilodwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokuvala esiboniswe emahoreni okuvula.
Ufika kanjani eSt. Peter's Basilica
Ngaphambi kokuya endaweni engcwele, udinga ukucacisa ukuthi kuphi ukuziqhenya kwamaKristu emhlabeni wonke. ICathhedral itholakala eVatican, ePiazza San Pietro, 00120 Città del Vaticano.
Ukuze ungachithi isikhathi esiningi ohambweni lokuya ethempelini oluvela ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zedolobha, kunconywa ukuthi ukhethe ihhotela noma ihhotela endaweni eseduze nethempeli lobuKristu. Indawo ezungezile igcwele izinketho ezahlukahlukene zendawo, okuvumela ukuthi ukhethe indawo enombono omuhle wesonto lombhishobhi.
Sincoma ukuthi sibheke eCathedral yaseSt.
Kubavakashi abahlala kude nethempeli, kuyasiza ukwazi ukuthi ungafika kanjani endaweni yalo. Ungathatha umugqa we-metro A (esiteshini i-Ottaviana). Kubuye kube lula ukusuka esiteshini saseThemini ngamabhasi uNombolo 64, 40. Eminye imizila iyalandela ebheke ethempelini - No. 32, 62, 49, 81, 271, 271.
Amahora okuvula e-Cathedral
Peter's Basilica uvunyelwe ukuvakashela kusuka ngo-7: 00 kuya ku-19: 00. Kusukela ngo-Okthoba kuya kuMashi, izivakashi zingahlala esontweni kuze kube ngu-18: 30.
NgoLwesithathu kubekelwe izethameli zikaPapa. Ngalolu suku lweviki, ithempeli livulekela izivakashi ngaphambi kuka-13: 00.
Kukhona uhlelo olulandelayo lokukhuphuka kombhede:
- Ephreli-Septhemba - 8: 00-18: 00.
- Okthoba-Mashi - amahora okuvula 8: 00-17: 00.
Ukuvakashela i-cathedral kukhululekile kuzo zonke izigaba zezivakashi. Ukubuka imibukiso etholakala eminyuziyamu, uzodinga ukuthenga ithikithi ngemuva kokuma kulayini omude.
Ukungena kumamnyuziyamu ngoNovemba-Februwari kuvunyelwe kusuka ngo-10: 00 kuya ku-13: 45. Lapho kufika ikhefu likaKhisimusi laseYurophu, isikhathi esabiwe sokubuka izinsalela ezahlukahlukene siyandiswa kuze kube ngu-4: 45 ntambama. Ngezinsuku zamasonto kusuka ngoMashi kuya ku-Okthoba, amahholo anemibukiso aqala ukusebenza ngo-10: 00 aze aqede ngo-16: 45 (ngoMgqibelo ngo-14: 15).
Uzokwazi ukuvakashela indawo yombukiso mahhala isikhathi esingaphezu kwesisodwa ngenyanga (ngokufika kweSonto eledlule, kusukela ngo-9: 00 kuya ku-13: 45) nangoSepthemba 27 (lolu suku lunikezelwe ekugubheni uSuku Lwezokuvakasha Lomhlaba).
