U-Andrey Nikolaevich Tupolev (1888 - 1972) ungomunye wabaqambi abavelele kakhulu emlandweni wezindiza zomhlaba. Wakha inqwaba yezindiza ezahlukahlukene zamasosha nezomphakathi. Igama elithi "Tu" seliphenduke uphawu lomhlaba oludumile. Izindiza zikaTupolev zakhiwe kahle kakhulu kangangokuba ezinye zazo ziyaqhubeka nokusebenza cishe isigamu sekhulu leminyaka ngemuva kokushona komdali. Ezweni eliguquka ngokushesha lezindiza, lokhu kukhuluma banzi.
Umlingiswa wenoveli kaLev Kassil, uProfesa Toportsov, wayekopishwe kakhulu ku-A.N.Tupolev. Umlobi wahlangana nomklami wezindiza ngenkathi kudluliswa indiza ye-ANT-14 eqenjini le-Gorky, futhi wajabula ngokufunda kukaTupolev nobuqili. Umklami wezindiza wayengeyena nje umuntu ohlakaniphile emkhakheni wakhe, kodwa futhi wayazi nezincwadi nemidlalo yaseshashalazini. Emculweni, ukuthanda kwakhe kwakungathobeki. Ngesinye isikhathi, ngemuva kwedili lejubili elihle, lihlanganiswe nekhonsathi, yena, ngaphandle kokwehlisa izwi lakhe, wabizela abasebenzi kuye, bathi, sizocula izingoma zomdabu.
Umklami uTupolev wayehlale ehamba phambili kancane kumakhasimende, kungaba yimikhumbi yomphakathi noma i-Air Force. Okusho ukuthi, akazange alinde umsebenzi "ukudala indiza enamandla anjalo ngedatha yejubane elinjalo", noma "ibhomu elikwazi ukuthwala amabhomu e-N ebangeni lamakhilomitha we-NN". Uqale ukuklama izindiza lapho isidingo sazo besingakacaci. Ukubona kwakhe kusengaphambili kufakazelwa yilesi sibalo esilandelayo: kwezingu-100 ngendiza encane eyakhiwe eTsAGI naseTupolev Central Design Bureau, ama-70 akhiqizwa ngobuningi.
U-Andrei Nikolaevich, owayeyivelakancane, wahlanganisa ithalenta lomklami kanye nekhono lomhleli. Ubecabanga ukuthi lona uhlobo lokujeziswa. Ukhale ngamaqabane akhe: ufuna ukuthatha ipensela aye ebhodini lokudweba. Futhi kufanele ulengise ocingweni, uthimbe osonkontileka abancane nosomabhizinisi, ungqongqoze okudingekayo kumakhomishani. Kodwa ngemuva kokuthuthwa kwe-Tupolev design bureau eya e-Omsk, impilo kuyo yayingakhanyi kuze kufike u-Andrei Nikolaevich. Awekho ama-cranes - ngincenge abasebenzi basemifuleni, kusebusika noma kunjalo, ukuhamba ngomkhumbi sekuphelile. Kuyabanda ezindaweni zokusebenzela nasemahostela - balethe izitimela ezimbili ezinamaphutha ezivela endaweni yokulungisa izitimela. Safudumala, kwaqalwa ne-generator kagesi. 
Ukubambezeleka bekungolunye uphawu lwentengiso lukaTupolev. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wayephuze ukufika lapho engazizwa khona isidingo sokuba khona, futhi kuphela ngesikhathi sokuthula. Isichasiso "Yebo, awuyena uTupolev ukufika sekwedlule isikhathi!" Kuzwakala emaphaseji we-People's Commissariat, bese kuba uMnyango Wezimboni Zezindiza nangaphambi kwempi, nangemva kwalokho, ngaphambi kokufika kuka-Andrei Nikolaevich, nangemva kwayo.
Kodwa-ke, yini okungaba ngcono? kunemisebenzi yakhe, sitshele ngohlobo lomuntu onethalente?
1. Imoto yokuqala eyenziwe ngaphansi kokuqondiswa ngumklami wendiza uTupolev kwaba ... isikebhe. Yayibizwa nge-ANT-1, njengezindiza ezizayo. Futhi i-ANT-1 iyisithuthi sokuhamba eqhweni, futhi esakhiwe nguAndrey Nikolaevich. Amahloni anjalo anesizathu esilula - uTupolev uzame izinsimbi ezilungele ukusetshenziswa ezindizeni. E-TsAGI, wahola ikhomishini yokwakha izindiza zensimbi. Kepha ngisho nesimo sephini likaZhukovsky akusizanga ukuqeda ukungathembani kwabasebenzi abaningi beTsAGI, abakholelwa ukuthi izindiza kufanele zakhiwe ngokhuni olushibhile nolungabizi. Ngakho-ke kwakudingeka ngibhekane nezidakamizwa ezitholakalayo ngemali encane, ngibiza ukuhamba kweqhwa nesikebhe. Zonke lezi zimoto, kufaka phakathi indiza ye-ANT-1, zingabizwa ngokuthi ziyinhlanganisela: zaziqukethe izinkuni nochungechunge lwemeyili (njengoba i-duralumin yayibizwa ekuqaleni e-USSR) ngezilinganiso ezahlukahlukene.
2. Isiphetho sokwakhiwa komklamo asihlali sincike ekutheni umkhiqizo muhle kangakanani. Ngemuva kokuthi i-Tu-16 iye emasosheni, uTupolev kwadingeka alalele izikhalazo eziningi zasemuva zempi. Kwakudingeka bathuthe izinkundla zezindiza nengqalasizinda bangene kakhulu endaweni ye-USSR. Kusuka ezinkundleni zezindiza zemingcele ezihlomile, amayunithi adluliselwe enkangala nasezinkangala ezivulekile. Imindeni yahlukana, isiyalo sawa. Ngemuva kwalokho uTupolev wanikeza umsebenzi wokwenza indiza engenamandla kangako ehlome ngamarokhethi angalawulwa. Ngakho i-Tu-91 yavela ngokungalindelekile. Ngenkathi, phakathi novivinyo lokuqala, indiza entsha yethula imicibisholo phezu kweqembu lemikhumbi ye-Black Sea Fleet esifundeni saseFeodosia, itwetwe amathelegramu mayelana nokuhlaselwa ngabantu abangaziwa yathunyelwa ivela emikhunjini. Indiza iphumelele futhi yangena ekukhiqizeni. Yiqiniso, hhayi isikhathi eside. S. Khrushchev, esebonile embukisweni olandelayo indiza eqhutshwa ngudizili eduze kobuhle bejet, wayala ukuba ayikhiphe ekukhiqizeni.
3. UTupolev kwadingeka alwe noJunkers emuva ngo-1923, yize engekho esibhakabhakeni. Ngo-1923, u-Andrey Nikolaevich neqembu lakhe baklama i-ANT-3. Ngasikhathi sinye, iSoviet Union, ngaphansi kwesivumelwano nenkampani iJunkers, yathola isitshalo se-aluminium nobuchwepheshe obuningi obuvela eJalimane. Phakathi kwazo kwakukhona ubuchwepheshe bensimbi eyakhiwe ngensimbi yokwandisa amandla ayo. UTupolev nabasizi bakhe abawubonanga umkhiqizo noma imiphumela yokusebenzisa umkhiqizo wakhe, kepha banquma ukuzitholela insimbi bebodwa. Kuvele ukuthi amandla wensimbi ayitholile ayephakeme ngama-20%. "AbakwaJunkers" abakuthandanga lokhu kusebenza kwe-amateur - inkampani ibinelungelo lobunikazi lomhlaba wonke ngalokhu kusungulwa. Kwalandelwa icala enkantolo yaseHague, kepha ochwepheshe baseSoviet babenza okusemandleni abo. Bakwazile ukufakazela ukuthi iTupolev yonakalisa insimbi isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuhlukile, futhi umkhiqizo ovelayo unamandla angama-5% kunalawo waseJalimane. Futhi izimiso zikaTupolev zokujoyina izingxenye zikathayela zazihlukile. Isimangalo sikaJunkers sichithiwe.
4. Ngo-1937 uTupolev waboshwa. Njengabachwepheshe abaningi bezobuchwepheshe kuleyo minyaka, wacishe wathunyelwa esikhungweni sokuklama esivaliwe, ngendlela efanayo, "sharashka". Ku "sharashka" Bolshevo, lapho uTupolev aba yinhloko khona, bekungekho ndawo efanelekayo yokwakha imodeli egcwele usayizi wendiza "Project 103" (ngokuhamba kwesikhathi le ndiza izobizwa nge-ANT-58, noma kamuva iTu-2). Bathola isixazululo esasibonakala silula: ehlathini eliseduze, bathola ukusula okufanelekile futhi bahlanganisa imodeli kuso. Ngosuku olulandelayo ihlathi lavalelwa ngamasosha e-NKVD, futhi izimoto ezimbalwa zamaqabane asezingeni eliphezulu zigijimela esigangeni. Kuvele ukuthi umshayeli wendiza obonayo ubonile imodeli futhi wabikela phansi ngale ngozi okusolwa ukuthi yenzekile. Isimo sasibonakala ukuthi siyadedelwa, kodwa-ke uTupolev waveza ukuthi lena kwakuyimodeli yendiza entsha. I-NKVD-shniki, izwile ngalokhu, yafuna ukushisa imodeli ngokushesha. Ukungenelela kobuholi be "sharashka" kuphela okusindise indiza-mbumbulu - yayimbozwe kuphela ngenetha lokufihla.
Sebenza ku "sharashka". Ukudweba ngomunye wabasebenzi bakaTupolev Alexei Cheryomukhin.
5. “IProjekhthi 103” yabizwa kanjalo nhlobo ngoba amaphrojekthi ayi-102 ayenziwe ngaphambi kwayo. Ingxenye yezindiza ye-sharashka yabizwa ngokuthi "umnyango okhethekile wezobuchwepheshe" - isiteshi sesevisi. Ngemuva kwalokho isifinyezo sashintshwa saba inombolo, futhi amaphrojekthi aqala ukunikezwa ama-indices "101", "102", njll. "Iphrojekthi 103", eyaba yi-Tu-2, ithathwa njengezindiza ezihamba phambili zeMpi Yezwe Yesibili. Kwakusebenza ne-Chinese Air Force emuva maphakathi nawo-1980.
6. Amagama kaValery Chkalov, uMikhail Gromov nozakwabo, abenza izindiza eziqopha amarekhodi zisuka eMoscow ziya e-United States, aziwa umhlaba wonke. Izindiza ezihamba ibanga elide zenziwa ezindizeni ezilungiselelwe ngokukhethekile i-ANT-25. Kwakungekho i-Intanethi ngaleso sikhathi, kepha kwakukhona abancane abenele (ngenxa yesimo sengqondo) abashaya impempe. I-athikili yashicilelwa kumagazini waseNgilandi i- "Aerplane", umbhali wayo wafakazela ngezibalo ukuthi zombili izindiza azinakwenzeka ngesisindo esishiwo sokuqala, ukusetshenziswa kwephethiloli, njll. Impimpi ayizange nje icabangele iqiniso lokuthi kumodi yendiza enamandla engapheleli enjini, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kuyehla, noma nokuthi isisindo sendiza siyancipha njengoba uphethiloli uphela. Ibhodi lokuhlela lomagazini lahlaselwa ngezincwadi ezithukuthele ngabaseBrithani uqobo.
Indiza kaMikhail Gromov e-United States
7. Ngo-1959, uN. Khrushchev wavakashela e-United States endizeni eyi-Tu-114. Le ndiza yayivele iwine izindondo eziningi ezihlonishwayo, kepha i-KGB yayisakhathazekile ngokuthembeka kwayo. Kwanqunywa ukuthi kuqeqeshwe abagibeli abasezingeni eliphezulu ukuthi bashiye ngokushesha indiza. Ukuhlekisa ngosayizi wempilo yabagibeli kwakhiwe ngaphakathi echibini elikhulu lapho amalungu kahulumeni abhukuda khona. Bafaka izihlalo kumodeli, bayihlomisa ngamabhantshi empilo kanye nezihlenga. Ngesiginali, abagibeli bagqoka amavesti, baphonsa izihlenga emanzini bazigxumela. Kuphela imibhangqwana eshadile yamaKhrushchevs noTupolev ekhululiwe ekugxumeni (kodwa hhayi ekuqeqesheni). Bonke abanye abantu, kufaka phakathi iPhini likaSihlalo woMkhandlu WoNgqongqoshe we-USSR uTrofim Kozlov nelungu lePolitburo yeKomidi Elikhulu leCPSU u-Anastas Mikoyan, ongacwilisi kubo bonke onobhala jikelele, bagxumela emanzini bagibela izihlenga.
I-Tu-114 e-USA. Uma ubheka kahle, ungabona esinye isici se-Tu-114 - umnyango uphakeme kakhulu. Abagibeli kwakudingeka bafike emgwaqeni ogelezayo ngezitebhisi ezincane.
8. UTupolev noPolikarpov emuva ngawo-1930 babesungula indiza enkulu kunazo zonke i-ANT-26. Kwakufanele isisindo esiphezulu samathani ayi-70. Abasebenzi bazoba ngabantu abangama-20, le nombolo ifake abacibisheli abayisishiyagalombili abaqhamuka kwezibhamu zemitshingo nezinganono. Kwakuhlelwe ukufaka izinjini eziyi-12 M-34FRN ku-colossus enjalo. Iphiko lamaphiko bekufanele libe ngamamitha angama-95. Akwaziwa noma abaklami uqobo lwabo bakubonile yini ukungabi bikho kwephrojekthi, noma othile ovela ngenhla ubatshele ukuthi bekungafanelekile ukusebenzisa izinsizakusebenza zombuso ezincane kunombala onjalo, kepha iphrojekthi yachithwa. Akumangalisi - ngisho ne-An-225 Mriya enkulu, eyadalwa ngo-1988, inamaphiko angamamitha angu-88 ubude.
9. Ibhomu le-ANT-40, elalibizwa nge-Sb-2 ebuthweni, laba yindiza enkulu kakhulu yeTupolev ngaphambi kwempi. Uma ngaphambi kwalokho ukusakazwa okuphelele kwazo zonke izindiza ezakhiwe ngu-Andrei Nikolaevich kucishe kweqe izinkulungwane ezimbili, i-Sb-2 iyodwa yakhiqizwa cishe izingcezu ezingama-7,000. Lezi zindiza nazo beziyingxenye yeLuftwaffe: iCzech Republic yathenga ilayisense yokwenza le ndiza. Bahlanganisa izimoto eziyi-161; ngemuva kokubanjwa kwezwe, baya kumaJalimane. Ekuqaleni kweMpi Yezwe II, i-Sb-2 yayiyibhomu elikhulu le-Red Army.
10. Izehlakalo ezimbili ezivelele ngasikhathi sinye zabonisa indlela yokulwa nokusebenza yabasebenzi bezindiza ze-TB-7. Ngesikhathi esinzima kakhulu seMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, ngo-Agasti 1941, amaqembu amabili e-TB-7 ahlasela ngebhomu iBerlin. Umphumela wezinto zokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu wawungenandaba, kepha umthelela ekuziphatheni kwamasosha nakubantu kwakukhulu kakhulu. Futhi ngo-Ephreli 1942, i-USSR People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs uVyacheslav Molotov, ngesikhathi evakashele eNgilandi nase-United States, wenza uhambo lokuzungeza umhlaba nge-TB-7, futhi ingxenye yendiza yenzeke endaweni ehlala amabutho amaNazi. Ngemuva kwempi, kwavela ukuthi ezokuvikela emoyeni zaseJalimane azizange ziyibone indiza ye-TB-7.
Kwaqhunyiswa ibhomu eBerlin futhi yandizela e-USA
11. Ngenkathi ngo-1944 - 1946 ibhomu laseMelika iB-29 likopishelwa kwi-Soviet Tu-4, kwavela inkinga yokungqubuzana kwezinhlelo zokulinganisa. E-United States, kwasetshenziswa amayintshi, amakhilogremu, njll. ESoviet Union, uhlelo lwe-metric lwalusetshenziswa. Inkinga ayizange ixazululwe ngokuhlukaniswa okulula noma ukuphindaphindeka - indiza ilukhuni kakhulu uhlelo. Bekungafanele ngisebenze hhayi kuphela ngobude nobubanzi, kepha futhi, ngokwesibonelo, nge-resistivity yocingo lwesigaba esithile. UTupolev usike ifindo likaGordian ngokunquma ukushintshela kumayunithi aseMelika. Indiza yakopishwa, futhi ngempumelelo enkulu. Ama-echoes wokukopisha kuzwakale isikhathi eside kuzo zonke izingxenye ze-USSR - amabhizinisi amaningi ahlangene kwakudingeka ahambe ngaphezu kwamamitha ayisikwele namayintshi angama-cubic.
I-Tu-4. Ngokuphikisana nokushiwo okubabazekayo, isikhathi sikhombisile - ngenkathi sikopisha, sifunde ukwenza okwethu
12. Ukusebenza kwendiza yezindiza iTu-114 emizileni yamazwe omhlaba kukhombisile ukuthi ngabo bonke ubushiqela nenkani, uN. Khrushchev wayekwazi ukwenza izinqumo ezanele zenqubomgomo yezangaphandle. Lapho i-United States iqala ukuvimba ngokungaqondile izindiza ze-Tu-114 ezisuka eMoscow ziye eHavana, u-Khrushchev akazange aye enkingeni. Sahamba imizila eminingana saze saqiniseka ukuthi umzila iMoscow - Murmansk - Havana ulungile. Ngasikhathi sinye, abaseMelika ababhikishanga uma, ngesivunguvungu, izindiza zaseSoviet zafika ukuze zifake uphethiloli esikhumulweni sezindiza eNassau. Kwakunombandela owodwa kuphela - inkokhelo yemali. Njengoba neJapane, okungakabikho sivumelwano sokuthula ngayo, konke ukusebenzisana kwasebenza: uphawu lwenkampani yezindiza yaseJapan "iJal" lwasetshenziswa ezindizeni ezi-4, abesifazane baseJapan babeyizisebenzi zezindiza, nabashayeli bezindiza baseSoviet babengabashayeli bezindiza. Khona-ke igumbi lomgibeli we-Tu-114 alizange liqhubeke, kepha lahlukaniswa laba yizinqola ezine ezihlala abantu abane.
13. I-Tu-154 isivele ingene ochungechungeni futhi yakhiqizwa ngezingcezu eziyi-120, lapho ukuhlolwa kukhombisa ukuthi amaphiko aklanywa futhi akhiqizwa ngokungalungile. Abakwazanga ukumelana nokususwa nokwehliswa okubekiwe okungama-20,000. Izimpiko zakhiwa kabusha futhi zafakwa kuzo zonke izindiza ezenziwe.
I-Tu-154
14. Umlando webhomu le-Tu-160 "White Swan" liqale ngezigameko ezimbalwa ezihlekisayo. Ngosuku lokuqala, lapho indiza ebihlanganisiwe ikhishwa ngaphandle kwe-hangar, yathathwa isithombe ngesiphuphutheki saseMelika. Izithombe zigcine seKGB. Amasheke aqale kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. Njengenjwayelo, ngenkathi amalebhu ehlaziya izithombe, esikhumulweni sezindiza eZhukovsky, izisebenzi eseziqinisekisiwe zanyakaziswa kaningi. Bese kuthi, noma kunjalo, baqonde ubunjalo besithombe futhi banqabela izindiza ukuthi zikhishwe emini. UNobhala Wezokuvikela wase-United States, uFrank Carlucci, obevunyelwe ukuhlala kuqhugwane, ushaye ikhanda lakhe kudeshibhodi, futhi selokhu wabizwa nge "Carlucci dashboard." Kepha zonke lezi zindaba ziphaphathekile phambi kwesithombe sasendle sokubhujiswa kwama "White Swans" e-Ukraine. Ngaphansi kokukhanya kwamakhamera, ngaphansi kokumamatheka okujabulisayo kwabamele base-Ukraine nabaseMelika, imishini emisha emikhulu, esindayo futhi esheshayo phakathi kwalabo abakhiqizwa ngobuningi, imane yagawulwa yaba yizicucu ezinkulu ze-hydraulic.
I-Tu-160
15. Indiza yokugcina yathuthukiswa futhi yasungulwa yaba uchungechunge ngesikhathi sokuphila kuka-A.Tupolev kwakungu-Tu-22M1, izivivinyo zezindiza ezaqala ehlobo lika-1971. Le ndiza ayiyanga emasosheni, kuphela ukuguqulwa kwe-M2 "okusebenze", kepha umklami odumile akazange akubone.
16. ITupolev Central Design Bureau ithuthukise ngempumelelo izimoto zasemoyeni ezingenamuntu. Ngo-1972, i-Tu-143 "Flight" yaqala ukungena emasosheni. Isakhiwo se-UAV uqobo, imoto yokulayisha ezokuthutha, isiqalisi nenkambiso yokulawula ithole izici ezinhle. Sekukonke, kukhishwe izindiza ezingaba yinkulungwane. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, isakhiwo esinamandla kakhulu se-Tu-141 "Strizh" sangena ekukhiqizeni. Phakathi neminyaka ye-perestroika nokuwa kwe-USSR, isisekelo esikhulu sesayensi nezobuchwepheshe ababenaso abaklami baseSoviet asizange sichithwe nje. Iningi lochwepheshe be-Tupolev design bureau lishiyile (futhi iningi alizange lilambule izandla) kwa-Israyeli, linikeze leli lizwe ithuba lokuqhuma ekuthuthukiseni ubuchwepheshe bokwakhiwa nokukhiqizwa kwama-UAV. ERussia, noma kunjalo, cishe iminyaka engama-20, lezo zifundo empeleni zazifriziwe.
17. I-Tu-144 kwesinye isikhathi ibizwa ngendiza enesiphetho esibuhlungu. Umshini, ngaphambi kwesikhathi sawo, wenza ezibukwayo emhlabeni wezindiza. Ngisho nokuphahlazeka kwendiza esabekayo eFrance akuzange kuthinte ukubuyekezwa okuhle kwezindiza zabagibeli bejet. Kwathi ngesizathu esithile esingaziwa, iTu-144 yawa phansi phambi kwamashumi ezinkulungwane ezibukeli. Akubulawanga labo ababesemkhunjini kuphela, kepha nabantu ababengenayo inhlanhla yokuba sendaweni yenhlekelele phansi. I-Tu-144 ingene kulayini we-Aeroflot, kepha yasuswa kubo ngokushesha ngenxa yokungazuzi - yayidla uphethiloli omningi futhi ibiza kakhulu ukuyinakekela. Ukukhuluma ngenzuzo e-USSR ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1970 bekuyivelakancane, futhi hlobo luni lwembuyiselo olungaba khona ekusebenzeni kwezindiza ezihamba phambili emhlabeni? Noma kunjalo, i-liner ebukekayo yaqala ukukhishwa ezindizeni, kwase kusuka ekukhiqizeni.
I-Tu-144 - ngaphambi kwesikhathi
18. I-Tu-204 yaba yizindiza zokugcina ezinkulu kakhulu (izindiza ezingama-43 eminyakeni engama-28) zohlobo lwe-Tu-brand. Le ndiza, eyaqala ukukhiqizwa ngo-1990, yashaya isikhathi esingalungile.Ngaleyo minyaka ebucayi, izindiza zezindiza ezingaphumi lutho zahamba ezindleleni ezimbili: kungenzeka baqeda ifa elikhulu le-Aeroflot kudoti, noma bathenga amamodeli ashibhile asetshenzisiwe ezindiza zangaphandle. Ku-Tu-204, nakho konke okuhle kwayo, kwakungekho ndawo kulezi zakhiwo. Futhi ngenkathi izindiza ziqina futhi zikwazi ukuthenga izindiza ezintsha, imakethe yathathwa yiBoeing ne-Airbus. Lezi zingu-204 azicijile ngenxa yemiyalo kahulumeni nezinkontileka ezingajwayelekile nezinkampani ezivela emazweni omhlaba wesithathu.
I-Tu-204
19. I-Tu-134 yayinohlobo lokuguqulwa kwezolimo, olwalubizwa nge-Tu-134 CX. Esikhundleni sezihlalo zabagibeli, ikhabini laligcwele imishini eyahlukahlukene yokuthwebula izithombe ebusweni bomhlaba. Ngenxa yemishini esezingeni eliphakeme, amafreyimu abecacile futhi efundisa. Kodwa-ke, "isidumbu" sezolimo besingathandwa ngabaphathi bamabhizinisi ezolimo. Ukhombise kalula ubukhulu bezindawo ezitshaliwe, futhi abalimi bebonke bebelokhu bezwela kulolu daba kusukela ngawo-1930. Ngakho-ke, benqaba ukundiza uTu-134SH ngangokunokwenzeka. Kwabe sekufika i-perestroika, futhi ama-aviator ayengenaso isikhathi sokusiza ezolimo.
I-Tu-134SX ingabonakala kalula ngokulenga izitsha ezinemishini ngaphansi kwamaphiko
20. Phakathi kwabaqambi baseRussia nabaseSoviet, u-Andrey Tupolev usezingeni lesithupha ngokwenani eliphelele lezindiza ezikhiqizwe ngokulandelana. I-Tupolev Central Design Bureau ingeyesibili kuphela kumahhovisi wokuklama ka-A. Yakovlev, N. Polikarpov, S. Ilyushin, Mikoyan noGurevich, no S. Lavochkin. Ukuqhathanisa izinkomba zedijithali, ngokwesibonelo, cishe imishini ekhiqizwayo engaba ngu-64,000 eYakovlev futhi engaba ngu-17,000 eTupolev, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi bonke abaklami abahlanu bokuqala bakha amasosha futhi bahlasela izindiza. Mancane, ashibhile, futhi, ngeshwa, avame ukulahleka nabashayeli bezindiza, ngokushesha okukhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nendiza esindayo uTupolev ayethanda ukuyidala.
