UMikhail Alexandrovich Sholokhov (1905 - 1984) ungomunye wabalobi abavelele baseRussia baseSoviet. Inoveli yakhe ethi "Quiet Don" ngomunye wemisebenzi emikhulu yezincwadi zaseRussia emlandweni wayo wonke. Amanye amanoveli - iVirgin Soil Upturned and They Fared for the Motherland - nawo afakiwe esikhwameni segolide segama eliphrintiwe laseRussia.
Sholokhov impilo yakhe yonke wayehlala elula, ezolile, onamileyo futhi onozwela. Wayengomunye wakhe phakathi komakhelwane bomuzi naphakathi kwalabo ababephethe. Akazange awufihle umbono wakhe, kepha wayethanda ukudlala iqhinga kubangani bakhe. Indlu yakhe edolobhaneni laseVyoshenskaya, esifundeni saseRostov, kwakungeyona nje indawo yokusebenza yomlobi kuphela, kodwa futhi kwakuyigumbi lokwamukela izivakashi, lapho abantu babehamba bevela kuyo yonke indawo. USholokhov wasiza abaningi futhi akazange ahlehlise muntu. Abantu bakubo bamkhokhela ngokuhlonipha izwe lonke.
USholokhov ungowesizukulwane esigcwele ubunzima nosizi. Impi Yomphakathi engenangqondo, ukuhlanganiswa, iMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, ukwakhiwa kabusha kwangemva kwempi ... uMikhail Alexandrovich wabamba iqhaza kuyo yonke le micimbi, futhi wakwazi nokuzibonakalisa ezincwadini zakhe ezinhle kakhulu. Iyona ncazelo yempilo yakhe, ethathwe ngothile, ingaba yincwadi yamaqhawe.
1. Kusukela emshadweni kababa nomama kaSholokhov kanye nokuzalwa kukaMikhail, ungenza uchungechunge oluphelele. U-Alexander Sholokhov, yize ayengowesigaba sabathengisi, wayeyindoda ethokozisayo futhi echumayo. Wayefanelekile emakhaya abanikazi bomhlaba futhi wayebhekwa njengomdlalo omuhle wabomakoti abasezingeni eliphakathi. Kodwa Alexander wayethanda incekukazi elula owayekhonza endlini yomnikazi womhlaba uPopova. KuDon, kuze kufike ku-Okthoba Revolution, imingcele ebucayi yekilasi yagcinwa, ngakho-ke ukushada kwendodana yomthengisi entombazaneni kwakuyihlazo emndenini. U-Anastasia, okhethiwe ka-Alexander, wadluliselwa njengomfelokazi ngomyalo we-ataman. Kodwa-ke, le ntokazi yamshiya umyeni wayo yaqala ukuhlala endlini ka-Alexander, ehlukanisiwe nomndeni, ngaphansi kwesifungo somgcini wendlu. Ngakho-ke, uMikhail Sholokhov wazalwa ngaphandle komshado ngo-1905 futhi wazala isibongo esihlukile. Kuphela ngo-1913, ngemuva kokushona komyeni osemthethweni ka-Anastasia, lo mbhangqwana wakwazi ukushada futhi wanikeza indodana yabo igama elithi Shokhohov esikhundleni sikaKuznetsov.
2. Umshado kuphela kaMikhail uqobo, ngokusobala ngefa, nawo awuhambanga ngaphandle kwesigameko. Ngo-1923, wayezoshada nendodakazi yesikhulu esihlelekile uGromoslavsky. Umukhwe, yize aphunyuka ngokuyisimangaliso ngokudutshulwa kuqala ngabamhlophe ngenxa yokukhonza kwiRed Army, kwase kuthi ngokudutshulwa kwababomvu ngesikhathi sokunqotshwa kombuso, wayeyindoda enzima, futhi ekuqaleni wayengafuni ukunikela ngendodakazi yakhe cishe isinxibi, yize yanikela ngesaka likafulawa njengelobolo kuphela. Kodwa izikhathi zazingasafani, futhi kwakunzima ngabakhwenyana kuDon ngaleso sikhathi - zingaki izimpilo zikaCossack ezathathwa yizinguquko nezimpi. Futhi ngoJanuwari 1924, uMikhail noMaria Sholokhovs baba yindoda nomfazi. Bahlala emshadweni iminyaka engama-60 nenyanga engu-1, kwaze kwaba sekufeni komlobi. Emshadweni, izingane ezine zazalwa - abafana ababili, u-Alexander noMikhail, namantombazane amabili, uSvetlana noMaria. UMaria Petrovna Sholokhova ushone ngo-1992 eneminyaka engama-91.
Ndawonye babemiselwe ukuhlala iminyaka engama-60
3. UMikhail Alexandrovich kusukela ebuntwaneni wamunca ulwazi njengesiponji. Kakade usemusha, yize wayenamakilasi ama-4 kuphela emfundo yokuzivocavoca, wayene-erudite kangangoba wayekwazi ukukhuluma nabantu abadala abafundile ngezihloko zefilosofi. Akazange ayeke ukuzifundisa, futhi waba umbhali odumile. Ngawo-1930, “Isitolo Sababhali” sasisebenza eMoscow, isitolo sezincwadi esasisebenza ekukhetheni izincwadi ngezihloko ezithakazelisayo. Eminyakeni embalwa nje, abasebenzi basesitolo baqoqa ukuqoqwa kwezincwadi zeSholokhov zezincwadi zefilosofi, ezazinemiqulu engaphezu kwama-300. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umlobi wayevame ukweqa izincwadi ezazivele zisemtatsheni wakhe wezincwadi ohlwini lwezincwadi ezinikelwe.
4. USholokhov wayengenaso isikhathi sokufunda umculo, futhi engekho ndawo, kodwa wayengumuntu othanda umculo kakhulu. UMikhail Alexandrovich wazi kahle i-mandolin nopiyano futhi wacula kahle. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kokugcina akumangazi ngowokuzalwa eCossack Don. Yiqiniso, uSholokhov wayethanda ukulalela uCossack nezingoma zomuntu, kanye nemisebenzi kaDmitry Shostakovich.
5. Ngesikhathi sempi, indlu yabakwaSholokhov eVyoshenskaya yabhidlizwa ukuqhuma okusondele kwebhomu lasemoyeni, kwafa umama wombhali. UMikhail Alexandrovich wayefuna ngempela ukubuyisela indlu yakudala, kepha umonakalo wawubucayi kakhulu. Bekufanele ngakhe entsha. Bayakha ngemalimboleko ethambile. Indlu yathatha iminyaka emithathu, kanti abakwaSholokhov bayikhokhela iminyaka eyishumi. Kodwa indlu ibe yinhle - inekamelo elikhulu, cishe ihholo, lapho bekutholwa khona izivakashi, igumbi lokufundela lamakamelo avulekile.
Indlu endala. Yakhiwa kabusha
Indlu entsha
6. Ukuzilibazisa okuyinhloko kukaSholokhov kwakungukuzingela nokudoba. Ngisho nasezinyangeni ezilambile zokuvakasha kwakhe okokuqala eMoscow, ukwazile ukuthola njalo izindlela zokudoba ezingajwayelekile: kungaba izingwegwe ezincane zesiNgisi ezingamelana ne-catfish eyi-15-kg, noma uhlobo oluthile lomugqa wokudoba osindayo. Kwathi lapho isimo sezezimali sombhali siba ngcono kakhulu, wathola imishini yokudoba nokuzingela esezingeni eliphezulu. Wayehlala ephethe izibhamu eziningana (okungenani ezine), futhi ubucwebe besikhali sakhe kwakuyisibhamu saseNgilandi esinombono we-telescopic, ukuzingela nje ama-bustard abucayi kakhulu.
7. Ngo-1937, kwaboshwa unobhala wokuqala wekomiti leqembu lesifunda i-Vyoshensky, uPyotr Lugovoi, usihlalo wekomidi eliphezulu lesifunda uTikhon Logachev, kanye nomqondisi we-winery uPyotr Krasikov, owayazi naye uSholokhov kusukela ezikhathini zangaphambi kwenguquko. UMikhail Alexandrovich waqala wabhala izincwadi, wabe eseziyela mathupha eMoscow. Ababoshiwe badedelwa khona kanye ehhovisi likaKhomishani Wezabantu Wangaphakathi owabulawa uNikolai Yezhov.
8. Uhlelo lukaSholokhov kusukela ebusheni bakhe kwaze kwaba ngu-1961, lapho umbhali ehlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi, lwalushubile kakhulu. Wayevuka kungakadluli ihora lesi-4 ekuseni futhi asebenze kuze kube sekuseni ngo-7. Ngemuva kwalokho wanikela ngesikhathi emsebenzini womphakathi - wayeyiphini, wamukela izivakashi eziningi, wamukela futhi wathumela inombolo enkulu yezincwadi. Ukuhlwa kwaqala ngesinye isikhathi somsebenzi, esingaqhubeka kuze kube sebusuku. Ngaphansi kwethonya elingenakulibaleka lokugula nokuqubuka kwezempi, isikhathi samahora okusebenza sancishiswa, futhi amandla kaMikhail Alexandrovich ahamba kancane. Ngemuva kwesinye isifo esibucayi ngo-1975, odokotela bamenqabela ngokuqondile ukuthi asebenze, kodwa uSholokhov wayesabhala okungenani amakhasi ambalwa. Umndeni wakwaSholokhovs waya eholidini ezindaweni ezinokudoba okuhle noma ukuzingela - eKhoper, eKazakhstan. Kuphela eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwabo lapho amaSholokhov aye eholidini phesheya izikhathi eziningana. Futhi lolu hambo lwalufana nemizamo yokuhlukanisa ngokomzimba uMikhail Alexandrovich emsebenzini.
Umsebenzi wawuyikho konke kuSholokhov
9. Ngo-1957 uBoris Pasternak wanikela ngombhalo wesandla wenoveli ethi "Doctor Zhivago" ukuze ushicilelwe phesheya - e-USSR babengafuni ukushicilela le noveli. Kwaqubuka ihlazo elikhulu, lapho kwavela khona inkulumo eyaziwayo ethi "Angizange ngiyifunde iPasternak, kodwa ngiyayilahla" (amaphephandaba ashicilela izincwadi ezivela kumaqoqo emisebenzi elahla isenzo sombhali). Isigwebo, njengenjwayelo eSoviet Union, sasigcwele izwe lonke. Ngokuphikisana nomlando ojwayelekile, isitatimende sikaSholokhov sasibukeka singenasidingo. Ngenkathi eseFrance, uMikhail Alexandrovich wathi engxoxweni nabezindaba ukuthi kwakudingeka ukuthi kushicilelwe inoveli kaPasternak eSoviet Union. Abafundi bebengalazisa izinga elibi lomsebenzi, futhi ngabe kade bakhohlwa ngawo. Izibalo ebuholini be-Union of Writers of the USSR kanye ne-Central Committee ye-CPSU zashaqeka futhi zafuna ukuthi uSholokhov awaphikise amazwi akhe. Umbhali wenqabile, kodwa akazange abaleke.
10. USholokhov wabhema ipayipi kusukela ebusheni bakhe, osikilidi kakhulu kaningi. Imvamisa, laba ababhemayo bamapayipi banezindaba eziningi ezihambisana nabo. Babekhona futhi ku-biography kaMikhail Alexandrovich. Ngesikhathi sempi, ngandlela-thile waya eSaratov ukuyoxoxa ngokukhiqizwa kweVirgin Soil Upturned eMoscow Art Theatre. Umhlangano ububanjelwe endaweni efudumele nenobungane kangangoba, eya enkundleni yezindiza, umbhali wakhohlwa ipayipi lakhe ehostela. Yagcinwa futhi kamuva yabuyiselwa kumnikazi wayo, naphezu kwemizamo eminingana yokweba isikhumbuzo esiyigugu. Futhi lapho exhumana nabantu bakubo njengesithunywa sezingqungquthela zeqembu kanye nephini, uSholokhov wayevame ukunikela ngokuhlela ukuphumula kwentuthu, lapho ipayipi lakhe lalihamba kulo lonke ihholo, kodwa liphansi libuyela kumnikazi.
UMikhail Sholokhov no-Ilya Erenburg
11. Amakhophi amaningi aphuliwe (kanti namanje cha, cha, yebo, ayaphuka) mayelana nokubhalwa kweThe Quiet Don kanye nemisebenzi kaMA Sholokhov jikelele. Le nkinga, njengoba kokubili ucwaningo nokutholakala kombhalo wesandla weThe Quiet Don ngo-1999 kubonisile, ayifanele neze. Uma kuze kube maphakathi nawo-1960 kwakukhona ukufana kwengxoxo yesayensi ezungeze ukubhalwa kukaSholokhov, lapho-ke ekugcineni kwaba sobala ukuthi izinsolo zokukopela kwakungekhona ukuhlaselwa kukaSholokhov uqobo. Kwakuwukuhlaselwa kweSoviet Union nezindinganiso zayo. Imibono esola umbhali ngokukopela yabonwa ngabaphikisi abaningi, kungakhathalekile ukuthi basebenzisana kanjani, namaculo, ne-physics. U-Solzhenitsyn wazihlukanisa ikakhulukazi. Ngo-1962 wadumisa uSholokhov ngokuthi "umbhali womphefumulo ongafi" Quiet Don ", futhi ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-12 wamangalela uMikhail Alexandrovich ngokukopela. Ibhokisi lomngcwabo, njengenjwayelo, livulwa kalula - USholokhov wayigxeka indaba kaSolzhenitsyn ethi "One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich" lapho bezama ukuyikhethela iLenin Prize. NgoMeyi 17, 1975, uMikhail Aleksandrovich wafunda incwadi kaSolzhenitsyn ethi "Butting a Calf with the Oak", lapho umbhali aphonse khona udaka cishe kubo bonke ababhali baseSoviet. NgoMeyi 19 wahlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi.
12. Ngesikhathi seMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, uSholokhov wayevame ukuya phambili, ekhetha amayunithi amahhashi - kwakukhona amaCossacks amaningi. Phakathi nolunye lohambo, wabamba iqhaza ekuhlaselweni okude yizidumbu zikaPavel Belov ngasemuva kwesitha. Futhi lapho uMikhail Alexandrovich efika ebuthweni likaGeneral Dovator, abagibeli bamahhashi abanesibindi bamdlulisa emabuthaneni (abalobi nezintatheli babelwa izinhlu zemiyalo yezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamabutho) kubamahhashi. USholokhov wathi, ngemuva kokuthola isipho esinjalo, wenqaba. Ngemuva kwakho konke, lezo zenzo zidinga uku-oda okuvela kumyalo ophakeme, njll. Ngemuva kwalokho abafana ababili abanesibindi bambamba ngezingalo, owesithathu washintsha izifanekiselo ezikumathebula wakhe wezikhololo zaba ezabagibeli bamahhashi. USholokhov wawela phambili ngaphambili noLeonid Brezhnev. Emhlanganweni owawusekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1960, uMikhail Alexandrovich wabingelela owayengunobhala-jikelele wangaleso sikhathi: "Ngikufisela impilo enhle, Comrade Colonel!" ULeonid Ilyich walungisa ngokuziqhenya: "Sengivele nginguLieutenant General." Ngaphambi kwezinga lomashi, uBrezhnev wayeneminyaka engaphansi kwengu-15 ubudala. Akazange acasuke uSholokhov futhi wanikeza umbhali isibhamu ngombono we-telescopic ngosuku lwakhe lokuzalwa lwama-65.
13. NgoJanuwari 1942, uMikhail Alexandrovich walimala kabi engozini yendiza. Indiza ahamba ngayo esuka eKuibyshev eya eMoscow yaphahlazeka lapho ifika. Kubo bonke ababekhona ebhodini, kwasinda umshayeli wendiza kanye noSholokhov kuphela. Umbhali wathola ukuqubuka okukhulu, imiphumela yayo ezwakala impilo yakhe yonke. INdodana uMichael ikhumbule ukuthi ikhanda likayise belivuvukele ngendlela exakile.
14. Ngesinye isikhathi, ngesikhathi seMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, uSholokhov wamane waphunyuka enqoleni ye-USSR Writers 'Union. Wezwa amahemuhemu ngendlala engenzeka eVyoshenskaya - kwakungekho nzalo yezindlu, imishini. Ephuthuma ekhaya, ngemizamo ye-titanic wakhipha amashumi ezinkulungwane zama-pood kakolweni, izinto zokwakha kanye nemishini. Kuphela engxenyeni yesibili ka-1947 wabhala izincwadi eziyishumi nambili ekomidini lesifunda lesifunda esingumakhelwane iVyoshenskaya. Izizathu: umlimi ohlangene wanikezwa ngokungafanele isikhathi sokuhlunyeleliswa kwezimilo ngenxa yokushoda kwezinsuku zokusebenza; umlimi ohlangene unesifo sezilonda, kodwa akatholi ukudluliselwa esibhedlela; amasosha angaphambili abalimele kathathu axoshwa epulazini elihlangene. Ngenkathi maphakathi nawo-1950 amazwe ezintombi eza kuye, enza umjaho wesithuthuthu kulo lonke elaseSoviet Union ngasendaweni yama-52, uMikhail Aleksandrovich akakwazanga ukubamukela ngosuku lokufika - ithimba lamalungu ephalamende laseBrithani lalimvakashele. Ngakusasa, abagibeli bezithuthuthu bakhuluma noSholokhov kanye nezihambeli ze-plenum yonobhala bamakomidi wesifunda we-CPSU, futhi bona babelinde uthisha ovela esifundeni saseSaratov. Akuzona zonke izivakashi nababhali bezincwadi eziya eSholokhov abangazange bathande. Ngo-1967, unobhala womlobi wabala ukuthi kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuMeyi kuphela, izincwadi eziya kuM. Sholokhov zaziqukethe izicelo zosizo lwezezimali ezinanini lama-ruble ayizigidi eziyi-1.6. Izicelo zithinta amanani amancane nezincane - efulethini lokubambisana, lemoto.
15. Kukholakala ukuthi uSholokhov wakhuluma engqungqutheleni yama-23 yeCPSU egxeka u-A.Sinyavsky no-Y. Daniel. Laba babhali ngemuva kwalokho bagwetshwa iminyaka engu-7 nengu-5 bebhadla ejele ngenxa yesiyaluyalu esasilwa namaSoviet - badlulisa okwabo, hhayi, okuvutha ngothando ngamandla weSoviet, basebenza phesheya ukuze kushicilelwe. Amandla ethalente lababoshiwe kufakazelwa iqiniso lokuthi eminyakeni engamashumi ayisihlanu ngemuva kokuthi wonke umsakazi owasakaza emhlabeni asakaze ngabo, kuphela abantu abacwile ngokujulile emlandweni wenhlangano ephikisayo abakhumbula ngabo. USholokhov wakhuluma ngamandla kakhulu, ekhumbula ukuthi ngesikhathi seMpi Yombango eDon babekwa kanjani odongeni ngezono ezincane kakhulu. I-Wikipedia yaseRussia ithi ngemuva kwale nkulumo, ingxenye yezazi yalahla umbhali, "waba nenzondo". Eqinisweni, isigaba esisodwa kuphela senkulumo kaSholokhov besinikelwe uSinyavsky noDaniel, lapho aphakamise khona izingqinamba eziningi, kusukela ekusungulweni kokuvikela ichibi iBaikal. Futhi mayelana nokulahlwa ... Ngawo lowo nyaka u-1966, uSholokhov wandizela eJapane ngokudluliselwa eKhabarovsk. Ngokusho kwentatheli yephephandaba lendawo, waziswa ngalokhu yikomidi leqembu ledolobha. Amakhulu ezakhamizi zaseKhabarovsk ahlangana noMikhail Alexandrovich esikhumulweni sezindiza. Emihlanganweni emibili no-Sholokhov emahholo, kwakungekho ndawo lapho i-apula lingawa khona, futhi kwakukhona amanothi amaningi anemibuzo. Isheduli yombhali yayiqinile kangangokuba umbhali wephephandaba lesifunda lamasosha, ukuze nje athole i-autograph kumlobi, kwakudingeka akhohlise ehhotela lapho kwakuhlala khona uSholokhov.
16. Emiklomelweni yaseSoviet etholwe ngemisebenzi yezincwadi, uMikhail Alexandrovich Sholokhov akazange achithe nelilodwa yena noma umndeni wakhe. Umklomelo we-Stalin (ama-ruble ayi-100,000 ngaleso sikhathi nomholo omaphakathi wama-ruble angama-339), owawuthola ngo-1941, wadlulisela kwiSikhwama Sokuvikela. Ngezindleko zeLenin Prize (1960, 100,000 ruble ngeholo elijwayelekile lama-ruble angama-783), kwakhiwa isikole emzaneni waseBazkovskaya. Ingxenye yomklomelo kaNobel wango-1965 ($ 54,000) wasetshenziswa ukujikeleza umhlaba wonke, ingxenye kaSholokhov yanikelwa ekwakhiweni kwekilabhu kanye nomtapo wezincwadi eVyoshenskaya.
17. Izindaba zokuthi uSholokhov waklonyeliswa ngeNobel Prize zafika ngesikhathi lapho umbhali wayedoba ezindaweni ezikude e-Urals. Izintatheli eziningana zendawo zaya lapho, eLake Zhaltyrkul, cishe ezingekho mgwaqo, ziphupha ngokuthatha ingxoxo yokuqala kumlobi ngemuva komklomelo. Kodwa-ke, uMikhail Aleksandrovich wabadumaza - le ngxoxo yathenjiswa iPravda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wayengafuni nokushiya ukudoba ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Kakade lapho indiza ekhethekile yathunyelwa yona, uSholokhov kwadingeka abuyele empucukweni.
Inkulumo kaSholokhov ngemuva komklomelo weNobel Prize
18. Ngaphansi komthetho othambile ka-LI Brezhnev, kwakunzima kakhulu ukushicilela uSholokhov kunangaphansi kuka-JV Stalin. Umbhali uqobo wakhononda ngokuthi "Quiet Don", "Virgin Land Upturned" kanye nengxenye yokuqala yenoveli ethi "Balwela Izwe Lomama" yakhishwa ngokushesha ngaphandle kokuphikisana nezepolitiki. Ukuze kuprintwe kabusha ukuthi "Balwela Izwe Labo" kwakudingeka bahlele. Incwadi yesibili yale noveli ayishicilelwanga isikhathi eside ngaphandle kwencazelo ecacile yezizathu. Ngokusho kwendodakazi yakhe, ekugcineni uSholokhov washisa lo mbhalo wesandla.
19. Imisebenzi kaM. Sholokhov yashicilelwa izikhathi ezingaphezu kweziyi-1400 emazweni amaningi omhlaba asakazwa ngokuphelele ngamakhophi angaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-105. Umbhali waseVietnam uNguyen Din Thi uthe ngo-1950 umfana wabuyela esigodini sakubo, eseqedile izifundo zakhe eParis. Wafika nekhophi yeThe Quiet Don yesiFulentshi.Incwadi yahamba isuka kwesinye isandla yaze yaqala ukonakala. Ngaleyo minyaka, abaseVietnam babengenaso isikhathi sokushicilela - kwakukhona impi enegazi ne-United States. Futhi-ke, ukuze kugcinwe le ncwadi, yabhalwa ngesandla kaningi. Kukule nguqulo ebhalwe ngesandla ukuthi Nguyen Din Thi ufunde "Quiet Don".
Izincwadi zikaM. Sholokhov ngezilimi zakwamanye amazwe
20. Ekupheleni kwempilo yakhe uSholokhov wahlupheka kakhulu futhi wayegula kakhulu: ingcindezi, isifo sikashukela, bese kuba ngumdlavuza. Isenzo sakhe sokugcina somphakathi esisebenzayo sasiyincwadi eya ePolitburo yeKomidi Elikhulu leCPSU. Kule ncwadi, uSholokhov uveze umbono wakhe hhayi, ngokombono wakhe, ukunakwa okunganele okunikezwa umlando namasiko aseRussia. Ngethelevishini nakumaphephandaba, uSholokhov wabhala, imibono ephikisana neRussia ihudulwa ngenkuthalo. I-World Zionism ilulaza isiko laseRussia ngokufutheka ikakhulukazi. IPolitburo idale ikhomishini ekhethekile yokuphendula kuSholokhov. Izithelo zemisebenzi yakhe kwakuyinothi noma ngabe iyiphi i-apparatchik esezingeni eliphansi le-Komsomol eyayingadala. Inothi laliphathelene "nokusekelwa ngazwilinye", "amandla angokomoya aseRussia nakwabanye abantu", "uL. And Brezhnev's posing of cultural issues," futhi ngokuqhubekayo ngomqondo ofanayo. Umbhali wakhonjwa emaphutheni akhe amakhulu emibonweni nezepolitiki. Kwakusele iminyaka engu-7 ngaphambi kweperestroika, iminyaka engu-13 ngaphambi kokuwa kwe-USSR kanye ne-CPSU.
