Inhlekelele yomkhumbi wasolwandle i- "Titanic" ayiyona enkulu kunazo zonke emlandweni wokuzulazula. Kodwa-ke, maqondana nomthelela omkhulu ezingqondweni, ukufa komkhumbi wasolwandle omkhulu kunayo yonke ngaleso sikhathi kudlula zonke ezinye izinhlekelele zasolwandle.
ITitanic yayisibe uphawu lwenkathi ngisho nangaphambi kohambo lwentombi. Umkhumbi omkhulu wawufakwe ubuchwepheshe bamuva, futhi izindawo zabagibeli zazihlotshiswe ngokunethezeka kwehhotela elicebile. Ngisho nasemakamelweni asezingeni lesithathu, kwanikezwa izinto eziyisisekelo. ITitanic ibinedamu lokubhukuda, izinkantolo zesikwashi negalofu, indawo yokuzivocavoca, nezinhlobonhlobo zokudla, kusuka ezindaweni zokudlela zikanokusho kuya ezinkantini nemigoqo esezingeni lesithathu. Umkhumbi wawufakwe ama-bulkheads angangeni manzi, ngakho baqala ngokushesha ukuwubiza ngokuthi awucwila.
Ingxenye yamafulethi okunethezeka
Ithimba likhethe elifanele. Ngaleyo minyaka, phakathi kokaputeni, ikakhulukazi abasha, kwakukhona isifiso esasibanzi sokufunda imikhakha ehlobene. Ikakhulu, bekungenzeka ukuthi kuphumelele ukuhlolwa kwetilosi futhi kutholwe ilungelo lobunikazi "Okwengeziwe". Ku-Titanic, hhayi uCaptain Smith kuphela owayenelungelo lobunikazi elinjalo, kodwa futhi nabasizi bakhe ababili. Ngenxa yesiteleka samalahle, abashayeli bezitimela e-UK bema bengenzi lutho, futhi abanikazi beTitanic bakwazile ukuthola ithalente elihamba phambili. Futhi amatilosi ngokwawo ayelangazelela umkhumbi ongakaze ubonwe.
Ububanzi nobude besiteji sedolobha elihamba phambili kunikeza umbono ngosayizi weTitanic
Futhi kulezi zimo ezicishe zifane, uhambo lokuqala lomkhumbi luphelela enhlekeleleni embi. Futhi akunakushiwo ukuthi i- "Titanic" ibinamaphutha amakhulu ekuklanyeni noma iqembu lenze amaphutha ayinhlekelele. Umkhumbi wabhujiswa ngochungechunge lwezinkinga, ngakunye okwakungabalulekile. Kepha sekuhlangene, badedela iTitanic yacwila ezansi bathatha impilo yabagibeli abayinkulungwane nengxenye.
1. Ngesikhathi kwakhiwa iTitanic, kwaba nezingozi ezingama-254 nabasebenzi. Kulawa, angama-69 afakwa ukufakwa kwemishini, kwathi abasebenzi abali-158 balimala endaweni yokulungisa imikhumbi. Abantu abangu-8 bafa, futhi ngalezo zinsuku kwakubhekwa njengokwamukelekayo - inkomba enhle yayibhekwa njengokufa okukodwa ngamakhilogremu ayi-100,000 otshalo-mali, kanti ukwakhiwa kwe- "Titanic" kwabiza amakhilogremu ayizigidi eziyi-1.5, okungukuthi, abantu abayi-7 nabo "basindisiwe". Omunye umuntu ushone ngenkathi kwethulwa isikebhe seTitanic.
Ngaphambi kokwethula
2. Kuphela kusetshenziselwe ukubilisa ama-boilers omkhumbi omkhulu (ubude obungu-269 m, ububanzi obungu-28 m, ukufuduswa kwamathani angama-55,000), kwakudingeka ukubukwa kwansuku zonke kwabantu abangama-73. Basebenza ngokushintshana ngamahora ama-4, futhi umsebenzi wabasebenza izitokofela nabasizi babo wawunzima kakhulu. ITitanic yashisa amathani amalahle angama-650 ngosuku, kwasala amathani omlotha ayi-100. Konke lokhu kudlule endaweni yokubamba ngaphandle kwemishini.
Ngaphambi kokwethula
3. Umkhumbi wawune-orchestra yawo. Imvamisa, bekufanele ibe nabantu abayisithupha, kepha abaculi abayisishiyagalombili bathatha uhambo lokuqala. Izidingo zeziqu zabo zazibandakanya ukwazi ngekhanda izingoma ezingaphezu kwama-300 ohlwini olukhethekile. Ngemuva kokuphela kokwakhiwa okukodwa, umholi kwakufanele aqambe inombolo elandelayo kuphela. Bonke abaculi beTitanic babulawa.
4. Kwabekwa amakhebuli angaphezu kwamakhilomitha angama-300 eceleni kweTitanic, eyayiphakela izinto zikagesi, kufaka phakathi amalambu we-tantalum incandescent ayi-10 000, abalandeli abanamandla abangama-76, ama-heater angama-520 ezindlini zokuqala kanye namawashi kagesi angama-48. Izintambo ezivela ezinkinobho zokushaya zabaphathi nazo zigijime eduze. Kwakunezinkinobho ezinjalo ezingu-1 500.
5. Ukungamiseli kwe-Titanic empeleni bekuyinto yokuduma. Yebo, kwakukhona ngempela ama-bulkheads ayi-15 maphakathi nomkhumbi, kepha ukuqina kwawo emanzini kwakungabaza kakhulu. Kwakukhona ngempela ama-bulkheads, kepha ayephakeme ngokungafani, okubi kunakho konke - ayeneminyango. Bavala ngokweqile, kepha njengeminye iminyango, babeyizindawo ezibuthakathaka ezindongeni. Kepha ama-bulkheads aqinile wobude obudingekayo anciphise ukusebenza kahle komkhumbi. Imali, njengenjwayelo, yehlula ezokuphepha. Umakhi wemikhumbi ovelele waseRussia u-A. N. Krylov waveza lo mbono ngokusankondlo. Uthumele iqembu labafundi bakhe ukuyokwakha iTitanic futhi wazi ngokungathembeki kwama-bulkheads. Ngakho-ke, wayenazo zonke izizathu zokubhala esihlokweni esikhethekile ukuthi i- "Titanic" yabulawa ukunethezeka okonakele.
6. Umlando kaKaputeni “Titanic” u-Edward John Smith usebenza njengomfanekiso omuhle kakhulu wezinqubo ezaholela ekupheleni koMbuso WaseBrithani. UDrake nabo bonke abanye abaphangi bamaphepha anamaphepha emakethe, noCook, owathumela iNkosi yama-Admiralty esihogweni, bathathelwa isikhundla izinduna, okwakunguye into eyinhloko kwakuyiholo (ngaphezu kwamakhilogremu ayi-1 500 ngonyaka, imali eningi) nebhonasi engenazingozi (kufika ku-20% womholo). Ngaphambi kweTitanic, uSmith wabeka imikhumbi yakhe (okungenani kathathu), walimaza izimpahla ezazithunyelwe (okungenani kabili) futhi wacwilisa imikhumbi yabanye abantu (kwabhalwa amacala amathathu). Ngemuva kwazo zonke lezi zigameko, ubehlala ekwazile ukubhala umbiko ngokuya ngokuthi wayengenacala ngalutho. Esikhangisweni sendiza okuyiyo yodwa yeTitanic, wabizwa ngokuthi ukaputeni ongazange ahlangabezane nengozi eyodwa. Ngokunokwenzeka, uSmith wayenesidladla esihle ekuphathweni kweWhite Star Lane, futhi wayehlala ethola ulimi olufanayo nabahambi bezigidi.
UCaptain Smith
7. Kwakunezikebhe ezanele kwiTitanic. Kwakukhona ngisho nangaphezulu kunesidingo. Kuliqiniso, isidingo nokwanela akuboniswanga inani labagibeli, kepha ngumthetho okhethekile wokulawula "Kokuhamba kwezentengiselwano". Umthetho ubusanda kwenziwa - waphasiswa ngo-1894. Ithi emikhunjini enokufuduswa kwamathani ayi-10 000 (zazingekho ezinkulu ngesikhathi samukelwa umthetho), umnikazi wemikhumbi kumele abe nezikebhe zokuphila ezinomthamo wamamitha ama-cubic angu-9,625. izinyawo. Umuntu oyedwa uhlala cishe ama-cubic metres ayi-10. izinyawo, ngakho-ke izikebhe ezazisemkhunjini kwakudingeka zilingane nabantu abangama-962. Ku "Titanic" umthamo wezikebhe wawungu-11 327 cubic metres. feet, okwakungaphezu kokujwayelekile. Kuyiqiniso, ngokwesitifiketi soMnyango Wezohwebo, umkhumbi wawungathwala abantu abangu-3 547 kanye nabasebenzi. Ngakho-ke, ngomthwalo omkhulu, izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zabantu abakuTitanic basala bengenayo indawo ezikebheni zokuphila. Ngobusuku obuyishwa ngo-Ephreli 14, 1912, kwakukhona abantu abangu-2 207 ababegibele.
8. Umshuwalense "iTitanic" ubiza ama- $ 100. Kuleli nani, inkampani yase-Atlantic yaqala ukukhokha u- $ 5 million uma kwenzeka kulahleka umkhumbi ngokuphelele. Inani alilona elincane - emhlabeni jikelele ngemikhumbi ka-1912 lafakwa umshuwalense cishe amaRandi ayizigidi ezingama-33.
9. “Ibanga lokumisa” lomkhumbi - ibanga elihanjwe i- “Titanic” ngemuva kokushintsha ukusuka “phambili phambili” laya “emuva ngokuphelele” ngaphambi kokumiswa - kwakungamamitha ayi-930. Kuthathe umkhumbi ngaphezu kwemizuzu emithathu ukuma ngokuphelele.
10. Izisulu ze- "Titanic" bekungaba ngaphezulu kakhulu, uma kungenjalo ngesiteleka sabavukuzi bamalahle baseBrithani. Ngenxa yakhe, isiminyaminya sezimoto sasikhubazeke isigamu ngisho nakulezo zinkampani zemikhumbi ezazinendawo yazo yokugcina amalahle. IWhite Star Lane ibingomunye wabo, kodwa amathikithi endiza yokuqala yeTitanic athengiswe ngobuvila - abagibeli abebengaba khona basaba ukuba ngabathumbi besiteleka. Ngakho-ke, abagibeli abayi-1 316 kuphela abagibele emphemeni womkhumbi - abangu-922 eSouthampton nabangu-394 eQueenstown naseCherbourg. Isikebhe besilayishwe ngaphezu kwengxenye.
ESouthampton
11. Amathikithi ohambo lokuqala lweTitanic athengiswa ngamanani alandelayo: ikilasi lekilasi lokuqala - $ 4 350, isihlalo sekilasi lokuqala - $ 150, isigaba 2 - $ 60, isigaba 3 - kusuka kumadola ayi-15 kuye kwangama-40 ngokudla. Kwakukhona namafulethi kanokusho. Ukuhlobisa nempahla yamakamelo, ngisho ekilasini lesibili, kwakukuhle. Ukuqhathanisa, amanani: abasebenzi abanamakhono aphezulu bese behola cishe ama-dollar ayishumi ngeviki, izisebenzi ezijwayelekile ziyisigamu semali. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, idola lehle ngentengo amahlandla ayi-16 kusukela lapho.
I-First Class Lounge
Izitebhisi eziyinhloko
12. Ukudla kwalethwa kwi-Titanic ngezinqola: amathani angama-68 enyama, izinkukhu nezinyamazane, amathani angama-40 amazambane, amathani ama-5 ezinhlanzi, amaqanda angama-40,000, amabhodlela kabhiya ayi-20 000, amabhodlela ayi-1,500 ewayini namathani okunye kokudla neziphuzo.
13. Kwakungekho noyedwa umRashiya owayegibele iTitanic. Kwakunenqwaba yezihloko zoMbuso WaseRussia, kepha zazingabamele emaphethelweni kazwelonke, noma amaJuda ngaleso sikhathi ahlala ngaphandle kwePale of Settlement.
14. Ngo-Ephreli 14, iposi leTitanic lagubha iholide - abasebenzi abahlanu bagubha usuku lokuzalwa lwama-44 lukazakwabo u-Oscar Woody. Naye, njengabalingani bakhe, akazange asinde kule nhlekelele.
15. Ukushayisana kwe- "Titanic" neqhwa kwenzeka ngo-Ephreli 14 ngo-23: 40. Kukhona inguqulo esemthethweni yokuthi ihambe kanjani, kanye nokunye okwengeziwe nokunye okuchaza isenzo sabasebenzi nokuziphatha komkhumbi. Eqinisweni, iTitanic, ababukeli bayo ababeke babona le ntaba yeqhwa emzuzwini owodwa ngaphambili, bayishaya ngendlela ethandekayo futhi bahlushwa izimbobo eziningana ohlangothini lwayo lwenkanyezi. Amakamelo amahlanu alimele ngasikhathi sinye. Abaqambi bebengathembele emonakalweni onjalo. Ukukhishwa kwaqala ngokushesha phakathi kwamabili. Kwaphela ihora nesigamu kuqhubeka ngendlela ehlelekile, kwaqala ukwethuka. Ngo-2: 20 ekuseni, iTitanic yaqhekeka kabili yacwila.
16. Kubulawe abantu abangu-1496. Lesi sibalo samukelwa ngokujwayelekile, yize izilinganiso zishintshashintsha - abanye abagibeli abangavezi indiza, kepha abasuswanga kuhlu, kungaba khona "hares", abanye bahamba ngaphansi kwegama elicatshangelwayo, njll. Abantu abayi-710 basindisiwe. Abasebenzi benza umsebenzi wabo: kwasinda oyedwa kwabahlanu, yize ngokujwayelekile oyedwa kwabathathu kulabo ababeseTitanic wasinda.
17. Izisulu, mhlawumbe, ngabe zimbalwa noma ngabe zigwenywe ngokuphelele, uma kungenjalo ngomyalo obulalayo kaKaputeni Smith wokuqhubeka nokuqhubekela phambili. Ukube iTitanic ibihleli endaweni, amanzi abengeke angene esikhaleni ngokushesha okungako, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi umkhumbi ubuzokwazi ukuhlala untanta kuze kuphume ilanga. Ekuhambeni, amanzi amaningi angena emagumbini agcwele amanzi kunamaphampu awakhiphele ngaphandle. USmith ukhiphe i-oda lakhe ngaphansi kwengcindezi evela kuJoseph Ismay, oyinhloko yeWhite Star Line. U-Ismay waphunyuka wangathola isijeziso. Ukufika eNew York, into yokuqala ayenzile uku-oda ukuthi kungabikho mkhumbi wenkampani yakhe ozohamba ohambweni ngaphandle kwezikebhe, inani lezihlalo elilingana nenani labagibeli nabasebenzi. Ukukhanyiselwa okubiza izimpilo eziyinkulungwane nengxenye ...
18. Ukuphenywa kwenhlekelele ye-Titanic kwenzeka eNgilandi nase-United States. Kuzo zombili lezi zikhathi amakhomishini ophenyo afinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi kukhona ukwephula umthetho, kepha akekho ozojezisa: abenzi bobubi bafa. UCaptain Smith akayinakanga imisebe yeqhwa eyingozi. Opharetha bomsakazo kabazange bahambise okokugcina, bamane bamemeza ama-telegram mayelana ne-icebergs (imikhumbi ivele yalala phansi ku-drift, okuyingozi kakhulu), babematasa bedlulisa imiyalezo yangasese ngo- $ 3 ngegama ngalinye. UCaptain Wesibili uWilliam Murdoch wenze indlela engalungile, lapho i-iceberg yashayisa khona. Bonke laba bantu baphumule phansi olwandle.
19. Izihlobo eziningana zabagibeli abangasekho kwiTitanic ziphumelele ekuzuzeni izimangalo zomonakalo, kepha ngesikhathi sezikhalazo izinkokhelo zehliswe kancane ngaphandle kokudala umonakalo omkhulu kubanikazi beTitanic. Kodwa-ke, idumela labo lebhizinisi lase lonakele.
20. Imfucumfucu ye- "Titanic" yaqala ukutholwa ngonyaka we-1985 ngumcwaningi waseMelika uRobert Ballard, owayefuna imikhumbi-ngwenya ecwilile emiyalweni ye-US Navy. UBallard wabona ukuthi umnsalo ohlukanisiwe womkhumbi wanamathela ezansi, kwathi okunye kwawa ngesikhathi sokuntywila. Ingxenye enkulu yangemuva ilele ngamamitha angu-650 ukusuka kumnsalo. Ucwaningo olwengeziwe lukhombisile ukuthi ukuphakanyiswa komkhumbi odume kakhulu emlandweni wokuzulazula bekungekho embuzweni: cishe zonke izingxenye zokhuni zabhujiswa ngamagciwane, futhi insimbi yathola ukugqwala okukhulu.
I-Titanic ngaphansi kwamanzi
