I-apula lingesinye sezithelo ezivame kakhulu futhi ezingabizi kakhulu kubantu bomhlaba. Minyaka yonke, kutshalwa izigidi zamathani wezithelo emhlabeni, angasetshenziselwa ukudla nokwenza amajusi kuphela, kepha nokulungiselela izinhlobonhlobo zezitsha, imithi kanye nezimonyo. Kungabonakala sengathi ama-apula ayaziwa. Kepha mhlawumbe amanye ama-apula angaphansi azoba amasha.
1. Ku-biology, ama-apula angabomndeni wakwaRosaceae. Emndenini onama-apula, amabhilikosi, amapentshisi, ama-plums, ama-cherry ngisho nama-raspberries ahlangana ndawonye.
2. Ngokwenye yezinguqulo, amabhola kaKhisimusi engilazi alingisa ama-apula. EJalimane, izihlahla zikaKhisimusi kudala zihlotshiswe ngama-apula angempela. Kodwa-ke, ngo-1848 kwaba nesivuno esingesihle sama-apula, kwathi abashaya izingilazi edolobheni laseLauscha benza futhi bathengisa masisha amabhola engilazi afaka ama-aphula ngokushesha.
Kumane nje ukulingisa i-apula
3. Muva nje, ososayensi baseChina nabaseMelika ocwaningweni oluhlanganyelwe bathole ukuthi ama-apula anamuhla enziwe ekhaya avele entshonalanga yeTien Shan endaweni yaseKazakhstan yanamuhla. Cishe isigamu se-genome yama-apula anamuhla sivela lapho. Ukuze benze lesi siphetho, izazi zofuzo zahlola ukwaziswa kwezinhlobo zama-apula eziyi-117 ezivela emhlabeni wonke. Yize nangaphambi kwalolu cwaningo, iKazakhstan yathathwa njengendawo yokuzalwa kwama-aphula. Igama lenhlokodolobha yangaphambili yombuso ekuhumusheni lisho ukuthi "ubaba wama-apula", nasendaweni yakhona kunetshe lesikhumbuzo le-apula.
Ama-apula okuqala azalelwa lapha - Alma-Ata
4. Itshe lesikhumbuzo le-apula, futhi ikakhulukazi eKursk Antonovka, nalo liseKursk. I-apula lethusi elingenalutho linesisindo esingu-150 kg futhi lifakwe phambi kwethempeli iVoskresensko-Ilyinsky. Okungenani amatshe esikhumbuzo ama-apula amane amisiwe e-United States; kunezithombe ezibekelwe lesi sithelo eMoscow nase-Ulyanovsk.
Isikhumbuzo se- "Antonovka" eKursk
5. Ukutshalwa kwama-apple cultivars kwaqala eGrisi lasendulo. Ababhali bamaGrikhi bachaza izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwa-30 zalesi sithelo. AmaGreki anikezela izihlahla zama-apula ku-Apollo.
6. Kuvunwa amathani angaphezu kwama-200 ayizinkulungwane zama-apula emazweni angama-51 omhlaba. Sekukonke, cishe amathani ayizigidi ezingama-70 alezi zithelo atshalwa emhlabeni ngo-2017. Ubuningi obukhulu - amathani ayizigidi ezingama-44.5 - kutshalwe eChina. I-Russia, enesivuno samathani ayizigidi eziyi-1.564, ikleliswe endaweni yesishiyagalolunye, isalele emuva nge-Iran, kodwa ngaphambi kweFrance.
7. Ngenxa yombuso wojeziso iminyaka eminingana, ukungeniswa kwama-apula eRussia kwehle kusuka kumathani ayizigidi eziyi-1.35 kuya kumathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-670. Yize kunjalo, iRussia isalokhu ingumngenisi omkhulu kunabo bonke wezithelo ezithandwa kakhulu. Endaweni yesibili, nangenxa yombuso wezijeziso, iBelarus. Izwe elincane, okuvela kulo ama-apula ngokusobala ukuthi lithunyelwa kabusha eRussia, lingenisa ama-apula ayizinkulungwane ezingama-600 ngonyaka.
8. Cishe isigamu semakethe yama-apula emhlabeni kuhlala izinhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo ze- "Golden Delicious" ne- "Delicious".
9. IBhayibheli alisho i-apula njengophawu lokuwa. Umbhalo wayo ukhuluma kuphela ngezithelo zomuthi wokuhle nokubi, u-Adamu no-Eva abangakwazanga ukuzidla. Abadwebi beBhayibheli bangeNkathi Ephakathi, kungenzeka kakhulu, babengazi nje ngezinye izithelo ezihlwabusayo futhi babonisa ama-apula kule ndima. Ngemuva kwalokho i-apula njengophawu lokuwa lafudukela ekupendweni nasezincwadini.
10. Izinto eziwusizo, eziningi zazo ku-apula, zitholakala esikhunjeni nasendleleni yamanje ezungezile. Ingxenye eyinhloko yempuphu imane nje iyathandeka ekunambithekeni, futhi amathambo, uma edliwa ngobuningi, angadala ubuthi.
11. Ngo-1974, izinhlobo ezimnandi kakhulu zama-apula zethulwa eJapan, futhi sekuyiyona ebiza kakhulu. Izimbali ze-Apple zezinhlobonhlobo zaseSekaichi zithunyelwa impova ngesandla kuphela. Izithelo ezisethiwe zithelwa ngamanzi noju. Ama-apula abhekwa ngokucophelela, alahle asonakele ngisho nasezihlahleni. Izithelo ezivuthiwe zifakwa emaphaketheni ngazinye bese zifakwa emabhokisini ezincezu ezingama-28. Ama-apula amaphakathi anesisindo esifinyelela kukhilogremu, abanikazi bamarekhodi bakhula ngokwengeziwe. La ma-apula amahle athengiswa ngama- $ 21 lilinye.
I-apula laseJapan elibiza kakhulu
12. Umkhosi woMsindisi we-Apple (Ukuguqulwa kweNkosi, Agasti 19) uzobizwa ngokufanele ngokuthi uMsindisi Wamagilebhisi - ngokwamakhanoni, kuze kube yilolo suku kwakungenakwenzeka ukudla amagilebhisi. Uma engekho amagilebhisi, ukuvinjelwa kudluliselwe kuma-apula. Emkhosini wokuGuqulwa, ama-apula wesivuno esisha angcwelisiwe futhi angadliwa. Vele, ukuvinjelwa akusebenzi kuma-apula wesivuno esidala.
13. I-apula elisikiwe noma elilunyiwe aliguquki libe nsundu nhlobo ngenxa yokuxhuma insimbi, okukuningi impela ku-apula. Izinto zemvelo zibamba iqhaza ekuphenduleni, futhi ngusokhemisi oqeqeshiwe kuphela ongachaza umongo wayo.
14. UMbusi waseRussia u-Elizaveta Petrovna akakwazanga ukuma ama-aphula kuphela, kepha ngisho nephunga elincane lawo - izikhulu ezazilindele isimemo kuye azidlanga ama-aphula izinsuku ezimbalwa. Kuphakanyiswa ukuthi uKumkanikazi unesifo sokuwa esifihlwe ngokucophelela, nephunga lama-aphula lingaba yisifo sokuwa.
15. Kusukela ngo-1990, i-Apple Day igujwa ngo-Okthoba 21 emazweni amaningi omhlaba. Ngalolu suku, kwenziwa imibukiso kanye nokunambitheka kwama-apula, iziphuzo nezitsha. Ukucibishela ama-apula kanye nomncintiswano we-apula elihlutshiwe elide kakhulu nakho kuyathandwa. Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40 irekhodi liphethwe ngu-American Casey Wolfer, osike ikhasi ku-apula cishe amahora ayi-12 futhi wathola iribhoni elingama-52 m 51 cm ubude.
Usuku lwe-Apple e-USA
16. Ngokwesiko laseMelika, kunomlingisi ogama lakhe linguJohnny Appleseed ohlwithwa yi-Apple ngokungenamahloni ukukhangisa nokwethula. UJohnny Appleseed, ngokusho kwezinganekwane, wayeyindoda enomusa eyazula engenazicathulo emngceleni waseMelika, watshala izihlahla zama-apula yonke indawo futhi wayenobungane namaNdiya. Eqinisweni, isibonelo sakhe uJohnny Chapman wayenebhizinisi elibucayi. Ngekhulu le-19, kwakukhona umthetho e-United States ngokuya ngokuthi izifiki ezintsha zazingathola umhlaba mahhala ezimweni eziningi kuphela. Elinye lalawa macala kwakungukutshalwa kwezingadi. UJohnny uthathe imbewu yama-apula kubalimi (bebeyimfucumfucu ekukhiqizeni i-cider) wayitshala nabo lezi ziqephu. Ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu, wayethengisa iziza kwabokufika abavela eYurophu ngentengo ephansi kakhulu kunentengo yombuso ($ 2 ngehektare, okwakuyimali engasile). Kukhona okungahambanga kahle, futhi uJohnny wahamba waphuka futhi, ngokusobala, walahlekelwa yingqondo, impilo yakhe yonke wayezula ebhodweni ekhanda, esakaza imbewu yama-apula. Futhi cishe zonke izingadi zayo zagawulwa ngesikhathi sokuvinjelwa.
UJohnny Appleseed, ohlonishwa kakhulu ngabantu baseMelika
17. Kukhona izinganekwane ezanele ngama-apula emasikweni amadala. Kufanele kushiwo lapha iTrojan Apple of Discord, nokunye kokuxhaphaza kukaHercules, owantshontsha ama-aphula amathathu egolide engadini ye-Atlas, kanye nama-apula aseRussia avuselela amandla. Kubo bonke amaSlav, i-apula laliwuphawu lwako konke okuhle, kusuka kwezempilo kuye ekuchumeni nasenhlalakahleni yomndeni.
18. Ama-apula ayehlonishwa, noma kunjalo, ngendlela engajwayelekile, ePheresiya lasendulo. Ngokusho kwenganekwane, ngokwenza isifiso, ukuze kufezeke, kwakungadingeki ukuthi kudliwe ngaphezulu, hhayi ngaphansi, kepha ngama-apula angama-40. Kuyindida impela, iMpumalanga, indlela yokugcizelela ukungafezeki kwezifiso eziningi zabantu.
19. Ezinganekwaneni ezimayelana ne-Snow White, ukusetshenziswa kwe-apula yindlovukazi kunikeza okunye okungaqondile esenzweni sakhe - ngeNkathi Ephakathi, i-apula laliwukuphela kwezithelo ezazitholakala eNyakatho Yurophu. Ubuthi ngosizo lwayo kwakungukugxeka okukhethekile ngisho nasezinganekwaneni ezingathandeki zaseYurophu.
20. I-Apple pie ayisona isidlo saseMelika. AmaNgisi asevele ngekhulu le-XIV abhaka uhlobo lwesinkwa kusuka kufulawa, amanzi nobhekeni. Ngemuva kwalokho imvuthuluka yasuswa, ama-apula abhakwa efomini. Ngokunjalo, abaseBrithani badla izifundo zabo zokuqala ezingcwecweni zesinkwa.