Inoveli evesini "u-Eugene Onegin" yaba yinguquko yangempela ezincwadini zaseRussia. Futhi kusukela ekubukeni kwesakhiwo, nasekubukeni kolimi, futhi njengendlela yokuzichaza kombhali, "u-Eugene Onegin" akanazo izifaniso ezincwadini zaseRussia. Kwanele ukufunda imisebenzi yezinkondlo eyenziwe ababengaphambi kukaPushkin ukuqonda ukuthi zonke iziphakamiso mayelana nokuthuthukiswa kwezincwadi zaseRussia, ezithandwa yiSoviet, okokuqala, ukugxekwa, azilona nje ubufakazi obufanelekayo bomphumela onqunyelwe ngaphambili.
Umsebenzi obhaliwe - ngaphandle kokungabaza, kunjalo - ngolimi oluphilayo wehluke kakhulu ezibonelweni esezikhona. Abagxeki, ababona "u-Eugene Onegin" kunalokho ngokungacaci, basola uPushkin ngezinto ezinjengokuhlanganisa amagama athi "umlimi" nokuthi "onqobayo" emgqeni owodwa - igama elijwayelekile, ngokusho kwemiqondo yezinkondlo zangaleso sikhathi, belingenakuhlanganiswa nesenzo esiphakeme esithi "ukunqoba". Inkulumo ethi "uthuli oluyisithwathwa ngesiliva ikhola lakhe le-beaver" ibingasetshenziswa nhlobo ezinkondlweni, ngoba ikhola le-beaver yinto engcolile, yayingagqokwa o-Orestes, uZeus, noma u-Achilles.
Ama-ruble amahlanu isahluko ngasinye + ama-kopecks angama-80 okuthunyelwa. Ukube uStephen King wawutadishe ngokucophelela umlando wezincwadi zaseRussia, wayezoba yisigwili
"U-Eugene Onegin" waba yintuthuko ngokubili ngesakhiwo, ngolimi lwayo, nokuthi umbhali, echaza abalingiswa, akanqeni ukuveza umbono wakhe. Pushkin hhayi kuphela echazwe ngesakhiwo esithile, kodwa futhi wafakazela ukuthuthukiswa yayo, ngokwengqondo wachaza izenzo namaqhawe. Futhi sonke isakhiwo sombhali sincike esisekelweni esinamandla solwazi ngempilo yansuku zonke, imithetho eqinile engenzanga lutho ekufakeni isandla ekuziphatheni okuzimele kwamaqhawe. Nasi isidingo sika-Onegin sokuya emzaneni, futhi “Nginikwa omunye”, nokuthi “Uthando seludlulile, sekuvele imnyuziyamu”. Ngesikhathi esifanayo uPushkin wayefuna ukukhombisa ukuthi intando yomuntu isho okuthile. Lokhu kubonakala ngokucacile emigqeni, okuyi-epitaph kaLensky.
Nawa amanye amaqiniso angakusiza uqonde kangcono omunye wemisebenzi emikhulu yezincwadi zaseRussia nomlando wokudalwa kwayo:
1. UPushkin wayengenawo umqondo owodwa wohlaka luka "Eugene Onegin". Kwenye yezincwadi, ukhala ngokuthi uTatiana "wabaleka" naye - washada. Noma kunjalo, ithalente lembongi likhulu kangangokuba umsebenzi ubukeka uqinile, njenge-monolith. Isici sikaPushkin “iqoqo lezahluko ezinemibala” sibhekisa kulandelana kwesikhathi sokushicilelwa, ngoba isahluko ngasinye sashicilelwa ngokwehlukana.
2. NJENGOBA imali kaPushkin yenoveli esevesini yayingama-ruble ayi-12,000. Okungukuthi, kulayini ngamunye (kukhona ngaphezulu nje kuka-7 500), imbongi yathola cishe ama-ruble ayi-1.5. Kunzima ukubala inani elilingana ngqo nomholo kaPushkin kuma-ruble wanamuhla - amanani nezindleko bezihlukile. Uma siqhubeka kusuka kumanani entengo yokudla okulula, manje uPushkin ngabe uthole cishe ama-ruble ayizigidi eziyi-11-12. Kuthathe iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-7 imbongi ukubhala le noveli.
3. Ungavame ukuhlangana nokugomela ukuthi uPushkin uchaze kahle kakhulu uhlangothi lwansuku zonke lwempilo ehloniphekile yaleyo minyaka. Belinsky ngokuvamile wabhala mayelana noveli njengoba encyclopedia yokuphila Russian. Kukhona izincazelo ezanele ngempela zemigqa yempilo yansuku zonke ku-Eugene Onegin, kepha sekuvele sekungamashumi amahlanu eminyaka ngemuva kokushicilelwa kwenoveli, izici eziningi zokuphila kwansuku zonke aziqondakali kubafundi.
4. Izikhumbuzo nezincwadi zabantu besikhathi esifanayo zifakazela ukunemba kwengqondo kokuchazwa kwabalingiswa ku-Eugene Onegin. Ngempela abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi u-Alexander Sergeevich "ubabhalisile" kule noveli. Kepha uWilhelm Kuchelbecker odume kabi waya kude kakhulu. Ngokusho kukaKyukhli, uPushkin waziveza ngomfanekiso kaTatiana.
5. Ngaphandle kwesiphetho esisobala esingalindelekile sikaKuchelbecker, uPushkin ungomunye wabalingiswa abaqavile benoveli yakhe. Futhi lena intelezi ekhethekile yomsebenzi. Umbhali uhlala engena ngamazwi akhe, izincazelo nezincazelo zakhe, nalapho kungadingeki nhlobo. Ukuhambahamba, uPushkin uyakwazi ukuhlekisa ngamasiko ahloniphekile, futhi achaze izenzo zamaqhawe, futhi akhulume ngesimo sakhe sengqondo kubo. Futhi konke lokhu kuphunyuka kubukeka kungokwemvelo kakhulu futhi kungadabuli indatshana yokulandisa.
6. Okukhulunywa kakhulu ngakho ezikweletini zamanoveli, izethembiso, njll., Kwakuyisihlava hhayi nje sezicukuthwane ezisezingeni eliphakathi, kodwa futhi nabacebile phakathi neminyaka yenoveli. Umbuso wawusolwa ngokungaqondile ngalokhu: izicukuthwane zathatha imali eBhange loMbuso ngezokuphepha kwamafa nezinsiza. Imalimboleko yaphela - bathatha entsha, yefa elilandelayo noma "imiphefumulo" elandelayo. Izimalimboleko ezizimele ngo-10-12% ngonyaka nazo zisetshenzisiwe.
7. U-Onegin akazange akhonze ndawo usuku lonke, okwakucatshangwa ukuthi kungenzeka kuphela. Njengenjwayelo, izicukuthwane ziye kwezempi. Umsebenzi wokusebenzela umphakathi, ngaphandle kwezindawo eziningi ezinjengezokuxhumana, wawungabalulekile kangako, kepha cishe wonke umuntu wakhonza kwenye indawo. Izicukuthwane ezasula ngemuva kweminyaka eminingi yokusebenza zazibhekwa njenge-askance emphakathini futhi zinobudlova emandleni. Futhi eziteshini zeposi banikezwe ubuncane bamahhashi, futhi okokugcina.
8. Isahluko XXXIX engxenyeni yesikhombisa asiphuthelwa futhi asenziwa mnyama ukucwaninga - uPushkin wasethula ukuqinisa umbono ngobude bohambo lukaLarins oluya eMoscow.
9. Mayelana nezinto zokuhamba: hamba "ngokwakho" - sebenzisa amahhashi akho kanye nezinqola. Kude, kepha kushibhile. “Eposini” - ukushintsha amahhashi eziteshini ezikhethekile zeposi, lapho kungenzeka zingabi khona, futhi imithetho yayiqinile. Kubiza kakhulu, kepha kuvame ukushesha. "Discharge crew" - imoto yangaleso sikhathi. "Inqola kaBoyarsky" - ikalishi elibushelelezi. Ukufika eMoscow, amakalishi ayefihliwe kwaqashwa amakalishi “aphucukile”.
Izinqola zeqhwa azesabi. Ungabona ngokushesha ...
10. U-Onegin uhamba ngasogwini ngehora lokuqala ngesizathu. Kwakungalesi sikhathi lapho uMbusi u-Alexander I enza khona uhambo lwakhe olungaguquguquki, olwaheha amakhulu wabamele umhlaba odakeni.
11. "Akusekho ndawo yokuvuma izono ..." kunebhola. Ngempela, indawo okukuphela kwayo lapho abantu abasha babengakhuluma khona ngaphandle kokuqashelwa futhi bangaphenywa izindlebe kwakuyi-ballroom. Ukubanjwa kwamabhola nokuziphatha kwabahlanganyeli kwakulawulwa ngokuqinile (eSahlukweni 1, u-Onegin ubonakala ebholeni maphakathi ne-mazurka, okungukuthi, sekwephuze ngokungaqondakali), kepha umdanso wenza ukuthi kube lula ukuthatha umhlalaphansi phakathi kwesixuku esinomsindo.
12. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Onegin's duel noLensky nezimo ezandulelayo kukhombisa ukuthi umphathi we-duel, uZaretsky, ngasizathu simbe wayenentshisekelo kumphumela wegazi. Le mithetho iyale umphathi ukuthi azame ukufeza umphumela onokuthula esigabeni ngasinye esandulele le mpi. Ngisho nasendaweni yokulwa, ngemuva kokuthi u-Onegin ephuze ihora, uZaretsky angakhansela i-duel (imithetho ayivumanga ngaphezu kwemizuzu engu-15 yokulibaziseka). Futhi imithetho yokudubula uqobo - ehlangana kuze kube yizinyathelo eziyi-10 - yayinonya kakhulu. Ezimpini ezinjalo, bobabili ababambiqhaza babevame ukuhlupheka.
13. Mayelana nesimo sengqondo sika-Onegin kuLensky, umbhali asichaza njengothando, asiqondi ukuthi kungani u-Onegin engazange adubule ngokudelela. U-Evgeny wayengenalo lelo lungelo. Isibhamu emoyeni sasivele siyisizathu se-duel, njengoba sancisha isitha ukukhetha - ngalezo zinsuku, into engamukeleki. Nokho, ngaphambi kokudutshulwa kuka-Onegin, ama-duelists ahamba ngezinyathelo eziyi-9 (okokuqala okungu-4, kwabe sekungu-5 ngaphezulu), okusho ukuthi, kwakusele izinyathelo eziyi-14 phakathi kwabo - ibanga eliyingozi uma intukuthelo kaLensky inamandla kakhulu.
10 izinyathelo kude ...
14. U-Onegin osemncane, efika eSt. Petersburg, wagunda izinwele zakhe "ngendlela yakamuva." Kwabe sekuyindlela yokugunda izinwele emfushane ngesitayela sesiNgisi, lapho abagundi bezinwele baseFrance bathatha ama-ruble ama-5. Ukuqhathanisa: umndeni womnikazi womhlaba, ohamba ebusika usuka eNizhny Novgorod uye eSt. Petersburg ngokuhamba kwabo, ulingana nezindleko zama-ruble angama-20, ohamba ngezinqola nezinqola ezimbili. Ukuqashwa okujwayelekile okuvela kumlimi we-serf kwakungu-ruble angu-20-25 ngonyaka.
15. Esigabeni X seSahluko 2, uPushkin ngobuchule uhlekisa ngemilolotelo ejwayelekile phakathi kwezimbongi zakudala: “inyanga icacile,” “iyalalela, inengqondo elula,” “ihlelekile, imnene,” “imibala - iminyaka,” njll.
16. Izincwadi kukhulunywa ngazo kule noveli amahlandla amathathu kuphela, futhi lena imisebenzi yabalobi abayi-17 ngaphandle kokwenza uhlelo oluthile.
17. Ukungazi kolimi lwesiRashiya yizikhulu zekhulu le-19 manje sekuthathwa njengendawo ejwayelekile. Ngakho-ke uTatiana kaPushkin "wayazi isiRussia esincane kakhulu." Kepha akulula kangako. Ulimi lwemibhalo lwesiRussia ngaleso sikhathi lwaluphansi kakhulu ngokwenani lemisebenzi. Abantu besikhathi samanje babalula “Umlando” kaKaramzin nemisebenzi eminingana yezincwadi, kuyilapho izincwadi zezilimi zakwamanye amazwe zazihlukahlukene kakhulu.
Umugqa ongenacala mayelana nemihlambi yezimpungushe eziwela iziphambano zamasonto aseMoscow kwavusa ulaka lukaMetropolitan Filaret, owabhala ngalokhu ku-A. Kh. Benkendorf, owayephethe ukuvinjelwa. "Umshushisi kaPushkin". Umhloli wezincwadi obizwe yinduna yegatsha lesithathu utshele uBenckendorff ukuthi ama-jackdaws ahlezi esiphambanweni maningi amathuba okuba abe namandla ekhanda lenduna yamaphoyisa kunembongi noma umhloli wezincwadi. UBenckendorff akazange amklolodele uFilaret futhi wamane wabhala ukuthi lolu daba lwalungakufanele ukunakwa yisikhulu esiphezulu esinjengalesi.
A. UBenckendorff wasabalalisa ngokungapheli ukubola kuPushkin, ekhokha izikweletu zakhe futhi evikela phambi kwesonto noma ukuvinjelwa
19. Ngaphandle kwezicelo zomphakathi nentukuthelo yabagxeki (kamuva uBelinsky esihlokweni esibucayi wabuza imibuzo eyi-9 elandelanayo ngokulandelana ngalokhu), uPushkin akazange aqedele uzungu luka-Eugene Onegin. Futhi hhayi ngoba wayehlose ukubhala u- "Eugene Onegin-2". Kakade emigqeni enikezelwe ekufeni kukaLensky, umbhali wenqaba ukunqunywa kwanoma yikuphi ukuphila. Kumfundi ngamunye, ukuphela kwe- "Eugene Onegin" bekufanele kube ngumuntu ngamunye kuze kufike ezingeni lokuqonda kwakhe umsebenzi.
20. Kusolakala ukuthi kukhona isahluko se-10 sika "Eugene Onegin", esihlanganiswe abalandeli bomdwebo osindile kaPushkin. Uma sibheka okuqukethwe yikho, abalandeli bezimbongi bebengajabule ngama-pathos engxenye eyinhloko yale noveli. Babekholelwa ukuthi uPushkin wayesaba ukuvinjelwa nokucindezelwa, ngakho-ke wachitha umbhalo, abakwazi ukuwubuyisela ngomsebenzi wamaqhawe. Eqinisweni, "isahluko se-10" esikhona sika-Eugene Onegin asihambisani nhlobo nombhalo oyinhloko wenoveli.
