Ngisho nendaba encane ehlukanisayo ngempilo nokufa kukaJeanne d'Arc ayinakukwenza ngaphandle kokusho imfihlakalo nokuzizwa kwezandla ezingcolile.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, okwamanje lapho izikhulu zaseFrance zihleli ngaphandle, ngiyaxolisa, ngamabhulukwe agcwele ngaphandle kwezindonga zezinqaba noma ensimini, kodwa kude neBrithani, kuvela umlimi osemusha (yilokho amaqhawe ahloniphekile ambiza ngakho, owayengenalutho futhi kungekho muntu onamahloni ngaye ngaphandle kwabo ubugwala), evusa abantu abavamile ukulwa nabangaphandle. Intombazane, lapho ngokugeza, lapho ngokugingqika, yenza izinduna, izindlebe nabanye ontanga balwe futhi bavikele cishe inkululeko yezwe labo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izikhulu kanye nokubalwa, ngokushesha lapho ithuba livela, kubonakala sengathi bayasuswa njengoJoan okhethwe uNkulunkulu ebusweni benkosi futhi, ngokugeza izandla zabo, banikeze ithuba lokuthi kubulawe iNcasakazi yase-Orleans.
Umuntu ovamile angakholisa kanjani izicukuthwane ukuthi zilwe ngesikhathi esibucayi? Kungenzeka kanjani ukuthi isipho sakhe sicishe masishane sinqatshelwe ukwehluleka okuncane?
Futhi iSabatha, elaqala ngokukhazinyuliswa kukaJeanne ngemuva kwenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi yinkululeko, lifakazela ukuthi ukucwaswa kwakusenganweni zombili endlini yasebukhosini yaseFrance, naphakathi kwezikhulu, nasesontweni lamaKatolika. Abaphenyi bamanje bangathatha isikhathi eside ukuhlaziya ukufana kwegama lejaji eliyinhloko leVirgin of Orleans Pierre Cauchon negama lesiFulentshi elithi "inkawu" bese bemsola ngokufa kukaJeanne (abanye baze bahambe baze bafike ekutheni uCauchon wasindisa uJeanne ngesigwebo sakhe, wabe esehlala iminyaka engama-incognito iminyaka eminingi). ICauchon isiphenduke isikrini esikahle - empeleni, akufanele kubalwe, izinduna, noma, uNkulunkulu angavumeli, amakhosi asolwe ngokufa kwentombazane eneminyaka engu-19. UJeanne wavuselelwa ngokushesha, noma ngubani owayedingeka, wafundiswa ngomzimba, futhi isonto kanye nemiqhele yomibili yahlala ihlanzekile futhi ingenasono.
Ukuzikhulula okudingekayo: emaqinisweni nasezindabeni ezingezansi, amagama "amaNgisi" kanye "nawesiFulentshi" aphikisana ngokweqile. Yazi-ke ukuthi wayefuna ukuthimula ngokuhlangana kukazwelonke noma kwendawo - wonke umuntu wayenomhlaba kulokho nakulolu hlangothi lwe-English Channel. Abajwayelekile, ngakolunye uhlangothi, banquma ubuzwe babo kusuka kokuphambene: "Asibona abaseBurgundi" noma "Asifuni ukuba abaseBrithani". Ngakho-ke, "abaseBrithani" kufanele baqondwe ngokuthi "abahloniphekile namabutho, ngaleso sikhathi balwela izifiso zenkosi yamaNgisi", kanye negama elithi "French", ngokulandelana - "Yazi futhi amabutho ahlala ethembekile kumqhele waseFrance". Kwakungekho mehluko oyisisekelo phakathi kwamaqembu engxabanweni, eyaqhubeka iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu.
1. UJeanne wazalelwa esigodini saseDomrémy emngceleni weFrance naseDuchy yaseLorraine enyakatho-mpumalanga yeFrance. Indlu yomndeni weVirgin kanye nesonto nefonti, lapho abhapathizwa khona, kuze kube namuhla.
2. Usuku lokuzalwa kukaVirgo alwaziwa kahle. Usuku olwamukelwa ngokujwayelekile lukaJanuwari 6, 1412 luyinto nje yokuyekethisa kwezazi-mlando - uJeanne kungenzeka ukuthi wazalwa ngo-1408, futhi usuku lokuzalwa kwengane lungabekelwa isikhathi ukuze luhambisane neholide lesonto elidumile.
3. Igama langempela likaJeanne ngu-Dark. Okuhlukile ngesipelingi "esihle" se- "d'Ark" kwavela ngemuva kokufa kwakhe.
4. UJeanne waqala ukuzwa amazwi angaqondakali kusukela eneminyaka eyi-13. BabengabakwaSanta Catherine, iSaint Margaret neNgelosi Eyinhloko uMichael. Amazwi, ngaphandle kwemininingwane eminingi, atshele le ntombazane ukuthi inhloso yakhe ukusindisa iFrance.
5. Ngentwasahlobo yango-1428, abangcwele banikeza uJeanne iziyalezo eziqondile - zokuya empini kuKaputeni Robert de Baudricourt bamcele ukuthi atshele uDauphin ukuthi akufanele angene ezimpini kuze kube sentwasahlobo yonyaka ozayo. UDe Baudricourt wahlekisa ngalesi sivakashi wasibuyisela ekhaya.
6. Ngemuva kokubuya ebuthweni, uJeanne wezwa ukuthi ukuhlasela kwabaseBurgundi kwacekela phansi izindawo zabo. Lokhu kwaqinisa ukuqiniseka kwakhe ngesiphetho sakhe. Ngemuva konyaka, waphinde waya empini, ngasikhathi sinye wakwazi ukulwa nezinhloso zikayise zokumshada.
7. Ukuvela kwesibili kukaJeanne embuthweni kwamukelwa kahle. Ngasikhathi sinye, kwavela umbono wezingubo zamadoda - kwakuphephe ukuhamba ngakho.
8. UDauphin, inkosi yesikhathi esizayo uCharles VII, ngesikhathi samukelwa okokuqala ngoJeanne wazama ukuzihlanganisa nabanye abamele izikhulu, kepha intombazane yamazi ngokungenaphutha. Ngokushesha uJeanne wamchazela ngomongo wemishini okuthiwa wayiphathisiwe.
9. UJeanne wahlolwa ngamakhomishini amabili. Omunye wasungula ubuntombi bakhe, owesibili wayeqiniseka ukuthi akukho ukuxhumana nosathane. Ephendula imibuzo yekhomishini yesibili, uVirgo wenza izibikezelo ezi-4: U-Orleans uzokhululwa ekuvinjezelweni, inkosi izothweswa umqhele eRheims (indawo yendabuko yokugcotshwa, ngaleso sikhathi eyathunjwa abaseBrithani), amaFrance azobamba iParis futhi uMbusi wase-Orleans uzobuya ekuthunjweni. Izibikezelo ezimbili zokuqala zagcwaliseka ngesikhathi esibekiwe, konke okunye kwagcwaliseka, kepha ngemuva kweminyaka engu-7 no-11.
10. Inganekwane yokuthi iFrance izosindiswa ngokuvela kweVirgin yayikhona ezweni ngisho nangaphambi kokuvela kukaJeanne d'Arc. Lokhu kubhaliwe.
11. Ngo-Mashi 22, 1429, uJeanne wathumela incwadi enkosini yamaNgisi nakubamele abaphezulu bezikhulu, lapho afuna khona ukuthi abaseBrithani baphume eFrance bezobulawa. AmaNgisi awazange amthathe ngokungathi sína, yize ayala ukuba kubulawe isithunywa esasiletha incwadi.
12. UJeanne d'Arc wayenezinkemba ezintathu. Esinye sethulwe kuye ngu-de Baudricourt, owesibili, okuthiwa inkemba kaKarl Martell uqobo, watholakala kwelinye lamasonto, owesithathu wabanjwa empini evela kumuntu owayengusaziwayo waseBurgundian. Bathumba iMaiden yase-Orleans ngenkemba yokugcina.
13. Ku-banner uJoan aye nayo empini, uNkulunkulu waboniswa ebambe uMhlaba, ezungezwe yizingelosi.
14. Ukuvinjezelwa kwe-Orleans ngamaNgisi kwakungokokusemthethweni - babengenabo abantu abenele ngisho ukuvala uchungechunge lwamaposi nezimfihlo ezungeze idolobha. Ngakho-ke, uJeanne nabanye abaholi bezempi bangena kalula edolobheni ngo-Ephreli 28, 1429 futhi bamukelwa ngentshiseko ngabantu basedolobheni.
15. Abaphathi ababese-Orleans, ngasese kusuka kuJeanne, banquma ukuhlasela iSaint-Loup - inqaba ekude yaseBrithani. Lokhu kuhlasela bese kuqale ukuminyaniswa lapho uJeanne, ofike ngesikhathi ephethe isibhengezo ezandleni zakhe, egijima emthambekeni wenqaba, ekhuthaza abaseFrance ukuthi bahlasele. IFort Saint-Augustin yathathwa ngendlela efanayo: ibona iNcasakazi, amasosha, asevele ekulungele ukubalekela e-Orleans, ajika futhi akhipha abaseBrithani ngaphandle kwenqaba.
16. NgoMeyi 7, empini yenqaba yaseTurelle, uJeanne walinyazwa ngumcibisholo ehlombe. Ukulimala kwakukubi kakhulu, kepha uJeanne walulama ngokushesha okukhulu. Mhlawumbe imizwelo emihle yaba nomthelela kulokhu: amaFulentshi athatha iTurret, abaseBrithani baphakamisa ukuvimbezela ngakusasa bahamba.
17. Ama-knight knights, ikakhulukazi ahleli ngaphandle kwezindonga zase-Orleans, awazange akhulume ngoJeanne embikweni wokunqoba. Kwakungaphansi kwengcindezi evela kwabanonembeza kunabo bonke lapho kwanezelwa khona umbhalo wombhalo, owawusho ukubamba iqhaza kweNcasakazi “kwezinye izimpi”.
18. Impi yase-Orleans, lapho uJeanne asindisa khona iFrance, ingaba ngeyokugcina ezweni. Ngaphandle kokuthi leli dolobha lisenkabeni, noma lisondele kakhulu enyakatho yeFrance, amaFrance abengenayo nqaba eyodwa eningizimu yawo. Ukungalingani kwezivikelo nokuxhumana ubuthakathaka obaziwayo bamazwe obukhosi. Ukuthunjwa kwe-Orleans kwavumela abaseBrithani ukuba basike izindawo ezazisale ngaphansi kombuso waseFrance kabili, futhi babhubhise amabutho aphikisayo ngokwehlukana. Ngakho-ke, ukuphakamisa ukuvinjezelwa kwe-Orleans kungumzuzu obalulekile weMpi Yeminyaka Eyikhulu.
"IGreat France, futhi akukho lapho bangabuyela khona - ngemuva kwe-Orleans" - uJeanne angasho kanjalo
19. Ngesikhathi kuxoxiswana nabamele iTrois - uJeanne wabanxenxa ukuba banikele edolobheni ngaphandle kokuphikiswa - umzalwane othile uRichard wabhabhadisa uJeanne wamfafaza ngamanzi angcwele. “Ungakhathazeki, ngeke ngihambe,” kuphendula uVirgo emamatheka.
20. Ukugcotshwa kukaCharles VII kwenzeka ngoJulayi 17, 1429 eReims. Ngemuva komkhosi, uJoan wase-Arc waphendukela enkosini futhi wabikezela ukuthi kungekudala uzoshiya inkosi nomndeni wayo.
21. Cishe ngokuphikisana nentando yenkosi, uJeanne wahola amasosha agasela eParis. Isilonda esibi emlenzeni kuphela esamvimba. UKarl wayala ukuthi ahoxise amasosha enhlokodolobha yaseFrance.
22. Njengophawu lokufaneleka kukaJeanne, inkosi yakhulula umuzi wakubo enteleni. Izakhamizi zaseDomrémy azizange zibakhokhele kuze kube yiNguquko yaseFrance.
23. Kungacatshangwa ukuthi ukuthunjwa kukaJoan eCompiegne kwakungeyona imiphumela yokukhaphela. IMaiden yase-Orleans iholele ukuphuma edolobheni elivinjezelwe, kuyilapho abaseBurgundi beqala ukuhlasela ngokuzumayo. AmaFulentshi aphuthuma abuyela edolobheni, futhi uGuillaume de Flavi, esaba ukuthi isitha sizongena edolobheni emahlombe abalekayo, wanikeza umyalelo oqinile wokuphakamisa ibhuloho. Ngakolunye uhlangothi lomsele kwakunguJeanne, umfowabo kanye nedlanzana lamanye amasosha ...
24. AbaseBrithani, ngokusebenzisa abalamuli, bathenga iNcasakazi e-Count of Luxembourg ngama-livres ayi-10 000. Akekho uCharles VII noma abanye abaseFrance abasezingeni eliphakeme abangazange baphakamise umunwe ukuhlenga noma ukushintshanisa uJeanne, yize ukuhlengwa nokushintshaniswa kweziboshwa kwakudumile phakathi naleyo mpi.
25. UZhanna wazama kabili ukweqa ekuthunjweni. Ngesikhathi sokuqala ebanjwa egcekeni lenqaba, kwathi ngokwesibili, kwagqashuka amashidi aboshwe, ayewasebenzisa njengezintambo.
26. Ngesikhathi ephenywa yiNkantolo Yamacala Ezihlubuki, uJeanne akazange aphendule imibuzo ngokuqina nangokucacile kuphela, kodwa futhi wayenobuhlakani futhi enesibindi. Ngenkathi elinye lamalungu enkantolo libuza ukuthi amazwi akhuluma luphi lolo limi kuye, ebuza ngegama elihlasimulisayo iProvençal, uJeanne waphendula wathi: "Kungcono kakhulu kunokwakho."
27. Inkantolo yehlulekile ukusola uJeanne d'Arc ngokuhlubuka. Ngokusemthethweni, wabulawa ngokugqoka izingubo zamadoda. Ngamanye amagama, wayezobhujiswa ngokushesha nje lapho ezobekwa icala.
28. UJeanne washiswa eRouen ngoMeyi 30, 1431.
Ngaphandle kokuchitha igazi ...
29. Ngemuva kokushicilelwa kwenkondlo kaVoltaire ethi "The Virgin of Orleans", lapho umbhali achaze khona iNcasakazi ngokungakhethi, enye yenzalo yomfowabo kaJeanne yathumela inselelo kaVoltaire enkulumweni eyayihambisana nayo, eyayinokuthokoza okwanele. Kulula ukuqagela ukuthi uVoltaire, okuthiwa akesabi uNkulunkulu, noma uSathane, noma amakhosi, wenqabe le mpi, ecaphuna impilo ebuthaka.
30. UGilles de Rais odumile (umfuziselo we-Bluebeard oyisoni), owalwa noJeanne futhi wacishe wakwazi ukumhlenga, wakhothama phambi kweNtombi, emkhazimulisa ngayo yonke indlela. Abantu besikhathi sakhe bathi uma uGilles de Rais enecala lamacala abekwe wona, ingqondo yakhe yaqala ukunikezela ngemuva kokushona kukaJeanne.
