Kwelinye lamafilimu aseSoviet, kunesimo esinganembile ngokomlando, kepha esinembe kakhulu ngokwesikhundla samaBolsheviks eSoviet Russia eminyakeni yokuqala ngemuva kokubanjwa kwamandla. Ngesikhathi ephenywa yinhloko kaCheka Felix Dzerzhinsky, elinye lamalungu aboshiwe oHulumeni Wesikhashana limemezela ukuthi uma beyiswa enqabeni, bazocula ingoma yesosha eliqine. Bese ebuza u-Dzerzhinsky ukuthi bazocula ngani abanumzane bamaBolshevik. U-Iron Felix, ngaphandle kokungabaza, uphendula ngokuthi ngeke kudingeke bacule - bazobulawa endleleni.
AmaBolsheviks, noma ngabe ubaphatha kanjani ngokubuka kwezepolitiki, kwaphela amashumi amathathu eminyaka behlala futhi bakha izwe labo ngaphansi kwesongo ngqo sokubulawa "endleleni". Babengeke basindiswe (futhi basindiswe) nangabamhlophe ngesikhathi seMpi Yombango, noma ngabanikazi bamaphephandaba kanye nama-steamers, uma bebuyela eRussia ngamabheyinti angaphandle, noma ngamaNazi eMpini Enkulu Yobuzwe. Kepha lapho nje amathuba okufa komuntu wonke amaBolshevik ngenxa yokuwa kohlelo lonke anyamalala, isilayidi esingaxakeki sombuso waseSoviet maqondana nokuwa saqala.
Ake sizame ukukhumbula ukuthi amaBolsheviks ayenjani, ayefunani nokuthi kungani, ekugcineni, ahlulwa.
1. Umsunguli weBolshevism, u-VI Lenin, wabiza igama elithi "amaBolshevik" ngokuthi "alisho lutho." Impela, ayizwakalanga lutho ngaphandle kokuthi abalandeli bakaLenin bakwazi ukunqoba ohlangothini lwabo iningi lezithunywa kwiKhongolose Yesibili ye-RSDLP. Kodwa-ke, ukuzwakalisa kukaLenin kwakungadingekile - ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, amagama amaqembu ezombusazwe cishe kuwo wonke amazwe azama ngandlela-thile ukufana nohlelo lwezepolitiki olwalumele intando yabantu ayeyigama lamagama. AmaSocialist ayesaba ubusoshiyali njengomlilo, amaqembu “Abantu” ayezibiza ngokuthi angamakhosi amakhulu noma abameleli bosokhaya abancane, nawo wonke umuntu, kusukela kumakhomanisi kuya kumaNazi ngqo, ayezibiza nge “Democratic”.
2. Umehluko phakathi kwamaBolshevik namaMensheviks wabizwa yizinhlangothi zombili ngokuhlukana. Eqinisweni, lokhu kwakuthinta kuphela ubudlelwane beqembu langaphakathi. Ubudlelwano obuhle bomuntu siqu babugcinwa phakathi kwamalungu amaqembu. Ngokwesibonelo, uLenin wayenobungane obude nomholi wamaMensheviks, u-Yuli Martov.
3. Uma amaBolshevik ayezibiza ngaleyo ndlela, khona-ke igama elithi amaMensheviks lalikhona kuphela ezinkulumweni zamaBolshevik - abaphikisi babo babezibiza nge-RSDLP noma bamane bathi iqembu.
4. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwamaBolshevik namanye amalungu e-RSDLP kwakungukuqina nobulukhuni benqubomgomo. Iqembu kufanele lilwele ubushiqela besigaba sabasebenzi, likhuthaze ukudluliselwa komhlaba kulabo abawulimayo, nezizwe kufanele zibe nelungelo lokuzimela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wonke amalungu eqembu kufanele asebenzele inhlangano ethile yeqembu. Kulula ukubona ukuthi la maphuzu aqala ukusetshenziswa ngokushesha okukhulu ngemuva kokungena kwamaBolsheviks.
5. Phakathi kwamanye amaqembu, amaBolsheviks, ngaphambi kokungena embusweni ngo-1917, alandela inqubomgomo eguquguqukayo ngaphakathi kohlaka lwalokho okungenzeka, ahlele kabusha imisebenzi yawo kuye ngomzuzu wezepolitiki. Izidingo zabo eziyisisekelo zahlala zingashintshi, kepha amaqhinga abo ashintsha njalo.
6. Ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, amaBolsheviks akhuthaza ukunqotshwa kweRussia. Ekuqaleni, ngokumelene nokwanda kokushisekela izwe kwabantu, lokhu kwajika uquqaba lwabashiya futhi kwanika uhulumeni isizathu sokuphendukela kwengcindezelo. Ngenxa yalokho, ngo-1917, ithonya lezepolitiki lamaBolsheviks lancipha.
7. Iningi lezinhlangano ze-RSDLP (b) eRussia kuze kube intwasahlobo yowe-1917 zehlulwa, amalungu amaningi eqembu aqavile ayesejele futhi edingisiwe. Ikakhulu, u-IV Stalin naye wayesekudingisweni okude kwaseSiberia. Kepha ngemuva nje kweNguquko kaFebhuwari kanye nokuxolelwa okwamenyezelwa nguHulumeni Wesikhashana, amaBolsheviks akwazi ukuhlela izinhlangano zeqembu ezinamandla emadolobheni amakhulu ezimboni naseSt. Isibalo sephathi esikhathini esifushane sikhule amahlandla ayi-12 safinyelela kubantu abayi-300,000.
8. Umholi wamaBolsheviks, uLenin wayenesiphiwo esinamandla sokukholisa. Ekufikeni kwakhe eRussia ngo-Ephreli 1917, wamemezela i-"Theses Theses" yakhe edumile: ukwenqaba ukuxhasa noma yimuphi uhulumeni, ukuhlakazwa kombutho, ukuthula ngokushesha kanye nokushintshela ekuguqukeleni kobusoshiyali. Ekuqaleni, ngisho nabangane bakhe abaseduze babemncika, ngakho-ke uhlelo lukaLenin lwalunokweqisa ngisho nangesikhathi sokwephula umthetho ngemuva kukaFebhuwari. Kodwa-ke, emasontweni amabili kamuva iNkomfa Yonke YaseRussia Yeqembu LamaBolshevik yamukela ama-Theses ka-Ephreli njengohlelo lokusebenza lwenhlangano yonke.
9. Ukufika kukaLenin nabalingani bakhe ePetrograd kubhekwa ngabaningi njengokukhuthazeka nokuhlelwa ngamasosha aseJalimane. Ukujula kwezinqubo eziguqukayo kuzodlalela ezandleni zeJalimane - izitha ezinamandla kunazo zonke zaphuma empini. Kodwa-ke, umphumela wokugcina walo msebenzi - njengomphumela wenguquko, uLenin wabamba amandla, kwathi uKaiser, owayesebenzela amasosha aseJalimane, waketulwa - kwenza umuntu azibuze ukuthi ngubani owasebenzisa lo msebenzi, noma ngabe wawukhona.
10. Elinye icala elibucayi nelingenakuphikiswa elibhekiswe kumaBolsheviks ngukubulawa kukaMbusi uNicholas II kanye namalungu omndeni wakhe. Yize kusenezimpikiswano mayelana nokuthi ngubani ngempela owadutshulwa endlini yase-Ipatiev eYekaterinburg, kungenzeka ukuthi kwabulawa uNikolai, umkakhe, izingane, izisebenzi nodokotela. Ukuvikeleka kwezepolitiki kwakungavumela ukubulawa kombusi, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, indlalifa encane, kepha akunacala ukubulawa kwabantu abangaziwa ngokulandelana kwesihlalo sobukhosi.
11. Ngenxa yokuvukelwa kwezikhali ngo-Okthoba, amaBolshevik angena embusweni eRussia futhi aqhubeka eyiqembu elibusayo (ngaphansi kwamagama ahlukahlukene) kwaze kwaba ngu-1991. Igama elithi "amaBolsheviks" lanyamalala egameni leqembu elibizwa nge-RCP (b) "Russian Communist Party") ne-VKP (b) ("All-Union Communist Party") kuphela ngo-1952, lapho iqembu lithola igama elithi KPSS ("Communist Party of the Soviet Union") ...
12. Umholi onedimoni kakhulu wamaBolshevik ngemuva kukaLenin kwakunguJoseph Stalin. Ubongwa ngemihlatshelo yabantu eyizigidi, ukuqothulwa kwabantu ngesikhathi sokuhlaliswa kwabantu nezinye izono eziningi. Okuzuzwe yiSoviet Union ngaphansi kokubusa kwakhe kukhishwa kubakaki, noma kubhekwa njengokufeziwe ngaphandle kwentando kaStalin.
13. Ngaphandle kwamandla onke kaStalin, waphoqeleka ukuba aqondise phakathi kwamaqembu ahlukahlukene ebuholini beBolshevik Party. Kubukeka sengathi engxoxweni ngemfundiso yezomnotho e-USSR ekuqaleni kwawo-1930, waphuthelwa yisikhathi, noma waphoqeleka ukuba ahambisane nokushushiswa kweSonto Lobu-Orthodox nokubhujiswa kwamasonto. Umbuso wamaBolshevik wakwazi ukubuyela odabeni lokuxhumana nesonto kuphela phakathi neminyaka yempi.
14. Abaholi beqembu lamaBolshevik babenguV. Lenin, I. Stalin, NS Khrushchev, L. Brezhnev, Yu. Andropov, K. U. Chernenko noMnu Gorbachev.
UMnu Zyuganov, ngakho konke ukushiyeka kwabandulelayo, nakhu kucace bha ukuthi
15. Kuwo wonke amandla abo okuphatha, amaBolshevik namaKhomanisi babesolwa ngokweba ibanal. Konke lokhu kwaqala ngezigidi zama-franc aseSwitzerland ngokheshi, okusolwa ukuthi agcinwe esisefweni sikanobhala weCentral Committee ye-RCP (b) Yakov Sverdlov ngawo-1920, futhi kwagcina ngezigidigidi zamadola aseMelika afakwa eNtshonalanga ngaphansi kobuholi bukaNikolai Kruchina, inhloko yeKomidi Elikhulu leCPSU, owazibulala ezinsukwini zokugcina zobukhona bakhe I-USSR. Naphezu kokumangalelwa okukhulu kwamacala, izinsizakalo ezikhethekile zamazwe ahlukahlukene, noma abaphenyi abazimele abakwazanga ukuthola idola emalini "yamaBolshevik".
Ezincwadini zomlando nezinganekwane ungathola umqondo wamaBolsheviks amadala. Akukhulunywa neze ngeminyaka yalabo ababizwa ngaleli gama. Amalungu avelele e-RSDLP (b) - RCP (b) - VKP (b), awela ngaphansi kwengcindezelo enkulu ngeminyaka yo-1930, aqala ukubizwa ngamaBolsheviks amadala ngawo-1950 - 1960. Isiphawulo esithi “mdala” kuleli cala besisho ukuthi “ubani owayazi uLenin”, “wayenolwazi lwangaphambi kwenguquko” olunencazelo esobala evumayo. UStalin kusolwa ukuthi wadedela ukucindezelwa ukuze asuse emandleni amaBolsheviks amahle, anolwazi, futhi abeke abagqugquzeli bakhe abangafundile endaweni yabo.
17. Ngokwazi ukuthi ngesikhathi seMpi Yombango kanye nokungenelela kwemibuso yaseNtshonalanga, i-United States kanye neJapan belwa neSoviet Russia, amaqembu ohlangothini lonke lwezepolitiki, kusukela kumaMensheviks kuya kubabusi bamakhosi, lapho ngentshiseko nangesikhathi bephoqeleka ukuxhasa isenzo samasosha ngokumelene nohulumeni waseSoviet, umqondo wokuthi "amaBolshevik" athola ukutolika okubanzi. Abalimi abalula ababenebhadi lokulima okweshumi komhlaba wabaninikhaya noma abasebenzi ababuthelwa e-Red Army baqala ukubizwa "ngamaBolshevik". Imibono yezepolitiki "yamaBolshevik" anjalo ingahle ibe kude nakwaLenin.
18. AmaNazi azamile nokusebenzisa iqhinga elifanayo ngesikhathi seMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Abantu baseSoviet Union kwathiwa bayizisulu ze "amaBolshevik": amaJuda, amakhomanisi kanye nazo zonke izinhlobo zabaphathi. UHitler nabalingani bakhe babenganaki iqiniso lokuthi ama-elevator ezenhlalo asebenza ngejubane elingakaze libonwe eSoviet Union. AmaBolshevik amakhulu ayengathola indodana empofu eyabonisa amakhono okuhleleka endaweni yokwakha, noma isosha leRed Army elazihlukanisa nomsebenzi ophuthumayo futhi laba ngumkhuzi obomvu. Njengoba babebhalise iningi labantu njengamaBolsheviks, amaNazi ngokwemvelo athola inhlangano enamandla yabashokobezi ngemuva kwabo.
19. AmaBolsheviks ahlulwa ukunqotshwa kwawo okukhulu hhayi ngo-1991, kodwa ngaphambili kakhulu. Uhlelo lapho izinqumo kuzo zonke izingqinamba zenziwa hhayi ngongoti abanekhono, kepha ngabantu abatshalwe imali ngokuzethemba kweqembu, kepha bengenalo ulwazi oludingekayo, basebenze ngokubekezela emphakathini weSoviet ondala kakhulu phakathi nekhulu lama-20, futhi basiza ukunqoba impi neJalimane lamaNazi. Kepha esikhathini sangemva kwempi, umphakathi, isayensi kanye nokukhiqiza kwaqala ukukhula ngokushesha okukhulu kangangokuba iqembu lamaBolshevik alikwazanga ukuhambisana nabo. Ukuqala ngoKhrushchev, abaholi bamakhomanisi abasazange bahole izinqubo emphakathini nakwezomnotho, kepha bazama ukubhekana nazo ngandlela thile. Ngenxa yalokho, uhlelo lwaya haywire futhi i-USSR yaphela.
20. ERussia yanamuhla, kwakukhona neNational Bolshevik Party (eyayivinjelwe ngo-2007 njengenhlangano eyeqisayo). Umholi weqembu wayengumlobi odumile u-Eduard Limonov. Uhlelo lweqembu lwaluyingxube ye-eclectic yombono wobusoshiyali, wobuzwe, wobukhosi kanye nowenkululeko. Njengengxenye yezenzo eziqondile, amaBolsheviks kaZwelonke ashaqe izakhiwo eMnyangweni Wezokuphatha kaMongameli, ihhovisi lenkampani iSurguneftegaz, kanye noMnyango Wezezimali weRF, baphonsa amaqanda notamatisi kosopolitiki futhi balengisa iziqubulo ezingekho emthethweni. AmaBolshevik amaningi kaZwelonke athola izigwebo zangempela, ngisho nangaphezulu agwetshwa ngokuzanywa. Limonov ngokwakhe, kucatshangelwa ukuvalelwa kokuqala, wadonsa iminyaka emine ejele ngokutholakala nezikhali ngokungemthetho.
