Abantu baseRussia baqala ukugeza nokuziphilisa ngosizo lwe-steam esikhathini sakudala. Igama "ukugeza" yigama elinemvelaphi eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, i-etymology yayo iphakanyisiwe isuka esiGrekini nasesiLatin sasendulo iya olimini lwesiProto-Slavic. Nikeza kuphela izinkuni, isitofu namanzi, kanti abaseRussia bazokwakha indlu yokugezela ngokushesha lapho bezohlala khona isikhathi eside. Amabhavu ayakhiwa futhi asakhiwa ezindaweni zombili ezishisayo eziseningizimu nasezindaweni ezisenyakatho ezinzima - inhlanzeko nempilo enhle kufanele igcinwe yonke indawo.
Kuyisici ukuthi indlu yokugeza yaseRussia kanye namasiko okuyisebenzisa akuthonyelwanga yiziyaluyalu zepolitiki noma ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe. Noma kunjalo, izinkuni zokubasa zifakwa esitofini esilula, amanzi noma i-decoction yamakhambi isathelwa esitofini, imishanelo isashaya amakhwela egumbini le-steam, konke okufanayo kubhavu, wonke umuntu uyalingana. Umlando ubonakala ufriza endlini yokugezela ...
1. Kukholakala ukuthi indawo yokuqala yokugeza umusi ichazwe nguHerodotus. Encazelweni yakhe, indlu yokugeza ibukeka njengeqhugwane elinomkhumbi onamanzi ngaphakathi. Amatshe ashisayo aphonswa emkhunjini, kwakhiwa umusi, okushisa kuwo.
2. AmaGriki namaRoma asendulo ayazi okuningi ngamabhati. Akazange abakhele inhlanzeko nempilo kuphela. Amabhafu ngasikhathi sinye abesebenza njengeklabhu, indawo yokuvocavoca umzimba, umtapo wolwazi kanye nezikhungo zokupheka.
3. Isitofu saseRussia sasibuye sibe yindawo yokuqala yokugeza yaseRussia. Kususwe u-Ash esithandweni somlilo, lo mlisa wafakwa emlonyeni wakhe ngefosholo. I-damper ivaliwe, le eshunqayo yafafaza amanzi ezindongeni zesitofu - kwavela ukuthi kwakuyigumbi lokushisa.
4. Inkulumo ethi "ukugeza okumnyama" namuhla ibukeka njenge-oxymoron, kepha abantu bashiye "ibhati elimnyama" lihlanzekile impela. Izindonga zendlu yokugeza zazimnyama ngensizi nentuthu - isitofu sasifudunyezwa ngaphandle koshimula. Ngemuva kokufudumeza isitofu, indawo yokugeza yafaka umoya futhi yagezwa, lapho-ke baqala ukufuthelana, bafafaza amatshe.
5. "Okumnyama" "nokumhlophe" akuyona indlela yokushisa ukugeza okufanayo. Lesi yisici samabhati uqobo - ngaphandle nangaphandle koshimula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunombono wokuthi umusi osendaweni yokuhogela intuthu unephunga futhi ulusizo kakhulu.
6. Akunandaba ukuthi iyiphi indlela yokushisa, izinto ezintathu eziyinhloko zokugeza zaseRussia yigumbi lesitimu uqobo, isitofu esinesitofu lapho kufafazwa khona amanzi, negumbi lokugqoka.
7. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, uMgqibelo ngokwesiko ubuthathwa njengosuku lokugeza, hhayi ngoba kuyaphela isonto lokusebenza. Ukuthi nje ngeSonto ekuseni udinga ukuya esontweni uhlanzekile.
8. Kunezindawo zokugeza ezinomphunga emazweni amaningi namasiko, kepha umshanelo usetshenziswa kuphela kubhavu waseRussia. Ukwethuka lapho uthi nhlá, le nqubo isusa ngokuphelele ubuthi emzimbeni futhi inomphumela omuhle esikhunjeni nasesistim semisipha.
9. Indlu yokugezela yafakwa egcekeni langemuva hhayi ngenxa yezinhloso zokuziphatha noma zokukholelwa ezeni - ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha komlilo. Imililo yashayeka emadolobheni amakhulu nasemaphandleni.
10. "Izindlu zensipho" kuyakhulunywa ngazo emibhalweni yesandla yaseRussia esevele ikhona ngekhulu le-10. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bavame ukubhala ngabo, kepha ngaphandle kokucaciswa, okusikisela ukuthi izindawo zokugeza zase zivele ziyindawo evamile ngaleso sikhathi. Lokhu kukhonjiswa futhi yisigatshana sesivumelwano phakathi kwe-Prophetic Oleg neByzantines. Ngokwalesi sigaba somthetho, abantu baseRussia abahlala futhi beza eConstantinople kufanele bakwazi ukugeza ngokwabo lapho befuna khona lapho befuna khona. Futhi enganekwaneni, u-Ivanushka wafuna ngokushesha ukuthi uBaba Yaga athathe ibhavu yokugezela endaweni yokugeza.
11. Izibhedlela zokuqala ezifanayo eRussia zavela ezindaweni zokugeza zezindela. Izindela, ezazivele zazi ezincwadini zesiGreki ngezinzuzo zokugeza, zaphulukisa kuzo "ezingenamandla" - yindlela ababebizwa ngayo abagulayo ngaleso sikhathi.
12. Abezizwe abake baya eRussia ngezikhathi ezehlukene babhale okuningi "ngama-cranberries" mayelana nezwe - imininingwane engaqinisekisiwe, enganembile noma evulelekile engamanga. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nabagxeki ababekhuluma ngokusobala ababashiyanga izibuyekezo ezimbi ngokugeza kwaseRussia.
13. Okuwukuphela kwesikhalazo sabantu bakwamanye amazwe ebhavini laseRussia ukuvakashelwa ngokuhlanganyela ngabesifazane nabesilisa. Kokubili isonto neziphathimandla zomhlaba, ikakhulukazi, uCatherine II, balwa nalokhu, kepha lo mzabalazo awuzange ube nempumelelo enkulu, ngaphandle kokuthi emadolobheni amakhulu, abesilisa nabesifazane babehlukene.
14. Indlu yokugeza yokuqala yezitini yakhiwa ngo-1090 ePereslavl. Ngaleyo minyaka, umbono wawungasatshalaliswa - umuthi wawushibhile futhi ungabizi kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bebengazi ukuthi ukuphela kwezinkuni ngaleso sikhathi, kepha luhlobo luni lokugeza lwaseRussia olukhona ngaphandle kwephunga lezinkuni? Futhi yize izinto zokhuni sezitholakala ukuqedela kusuka kunoma yiluphi ukhuni, ifreyimu yokhuni ihlala iyindlela encomekayo yokugeza kwaseRussia.
15. Indlu yokugeza ibhalwe ngokuqinile ikhodi yamasiko yaseRussia. Abahambi namaqhawe babingelelwa ngendlu yokugeza; yavakashelwa ngosuku olwandulela amaholidi. Ukubeletha ("Kwazalwa kanjani kabusha") nakho kwathathwa endlini yokugezela - ayikho indawo ehlanzekile endlini yabalimi. Ngobusuku bangaphambi komshado, umkhwekazi wesikhathi esizayo wayehlala njalo eya endlini yokugezela nomakoti - ukubopha omjwayele futhi enze ukuhlolwa kwezempilo okungekho emthethweni.
16. Babekholelwa ukuthi ukugeza kuhlanza zonke izono, kubandakanya nalezo zenyama. Ukuvakashela indlu yokugeza kwakuphoqelekile ngemuva kobusuku bokuqala bomshado kanye nanoma yikuphi ukulala ngokocansi. Kuyacaca ukuthi isidingo sokugcina kwakunzima ukusifeza - indlu yokugeza yayifudunyezwa kanye ngesonto. Ngakho-ke, phakathi nezinsuku, abantu ababebabaza babheka labo ababengalokothi bangene esontweni, ngalokho bavume isono sabo.
17. Futhi-ke nangaphezulu bahamba bayogeza nganoma yiziphi izifo ezihambisana nemikhuhlane. Ekugezeni, belapha ikhala eligobayo nokukhwehlela, amathambo abuhlungu nezifo ezihlangene.
18. Amazwe angamaRussia aletha ulwazi mayelana nokugeza eYurophu ephucukile kakhulu ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-18. UPeter the Great wabeka izindawo zokugeza nomaphi lapho ayema khona isikhathi eside. AbaseYurophu, ngaleso sikhathi abasungula amamodeli aphelele nangaphezulu aphelele amathafa nezazi, konke amakha amahle kakhulu okufihla iphunga lezithukuthuku nendle, nokuzalanisa izinja zezinja ngokufanele ngokwengeziwe izintwala zabantu, bashaqeka. Umbusi, kanye namasosha ajwayelekile, baqale bakha indlu yokugeza osebeni lweSeine, base behlisa isithunzi sakhe, beshisa abantu abavamile futhi bazigingqa nabo emanzini.
19. UPeter I nozakwabo baziwa ngokuqhamuka nezintela eziningi ezintsha, manje ezibonakala zingajwayelekile. Kodwa eSt. Petersburg, ukwakhiwa kwamabhati kwakungakhokhiswa intela.
20. Kwakunezindawo eziningi zokugeza zomphakathi emadolobheni aseRussia, kukho konke ukunambitheka nesabelomali. EMoscow, kakade ngekhulu le-19, kwakukhona ezingaphezu kuka-70 zazo, futhi kwakusenamabhati angu-1 500 ayimfihlo. Imishanelo yokugeza yayiyibhizinisi elibucayi - yathengwa emakhulwini ezigodini. Umsebenzi wokugeza wawuhlonishwa kakhulu futhi unenzuzo. Ngaphezu kwezinqubo zokugeza zangempela, ama-vapers ayazi ukuthi anganqunywa kanjani izingcingo, avule igazi futhi akhiphe amazinyo.
Amabhavu adumile aseSandunovsky awazange afane kakhulu namabhati
