Ama-Asteroids abukeka njengomfanekiso omuhle kakhulu wokuthuthuka okuthuthukayo kwezibalo. Ngenkathi izazi zezinkanyezi zibheke esibhakabhakeni esigcwele izinkanyezi, zilungisa izinkanyezi namaplanethi ngokungahleliwe futhi zibala ukuhlangana kwazo nemizila yazo, izazi zezibalo zathola ukuthi zifunani nokuthi zikuphi ngqo.
Ngemuva kokutholakala kwamanye amaplanethi amancane, kuvele ukuthi amanye awo angabonakala ngeso lenyama. I-asteroid yokuqala yatholwa ngengozi. Kancane kancane, ucwaningo lwe-methodical luholele ekutholakaleni kwamakhulu ezinkulungwane zama-asteroid, leli nani landa ngamashumi ezinkulungwane ngonyaka. Kucishe kuqhathaniswe nezinto zasemhlabeni - uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izidalwa zasezulwini - osayizi bavumela ukucabanga ngokuxhashazwa kwezimboni kwama-asteroyidi. Imininingwane eminingana ethokozisayo ihlotshaniswa nokutholwa, ukutadisha okuqhubekayo kanye nokuthuthuka okungenzeka kwalezi zindikimba zasezulwini:
1. Ngokomthetho kaTitius-Bode owawudlondlobele kusayensi yezinkanyezi ngekhulu le-18, kwakumele ngabe kukhona iplanethi phakathi kukaMars noJupiter. Kusukela ngo-1789, izazi zezinkanyezi ezingama-24, eziholwa yiJalimane uFranz Xaver, bezilokhu zenza uphenyo oluhleliwe nolubhekiswe kulo mhlaba. Futhi inhlanhla yokuthola i-asteroid yokuqala yamomotheka ku-Giuseppe Piazzi wase-Italy. Wayengagcini nje ngokuba yilungu leqembu iXaver, kepha wayengafuni lutho phakathi kukaMars noJupiter. UPiazzi wathola iCeres ekuqaleni kuka-1801.
UGiuseppe Piazzi wabeka ama-theorists ehlazweni
2. Akukho mehluko oyisisekelo phakathi kwama-asteroid nama-meteoroid. Ukuthi ama-asteroid angaphezulu kwamamitha angama-30 ububanzi (yize iningi lama-asteroid amancane akude nesiyingi), kanti ama-meteoroid mancane. Kodwa-ke, akubona bonke ososayensi abavumelana nenani lama-30. Futhi ukwehliswa okuncane: imeteoroid indiza esikhaleni. Ukuwela Emhlabeni, kuba yi-meteorite, futhi umkhondo wokukhanya odlula lapho udlula emkhathini ubizwa ngokuthi yi-meteor. Ukuwa kwe-meteorite noma i-asteroid yobubanzi obuhloniphekile phansi kuqinisekisiwe ukulinganisa zonke izincazelo kanye nesintu.
3. Isisindo esiphelele sawo wonke ama-asteroid phakathi kweNyanga neMars silinganiselwa ku-4% wesisindo senyanga.
4. UMax Wolff angabhekwa njengoStakhanovite wokuqala ovela kusayensi yezinkanyezi. Owokuqala ukuqala ukuthwebula izindawo zesibhakabhaka esigcwele izinkanyezi, yena yedwa wathola cishe ama-asteroid angama-250. Ngaleso sikhathi (1891), wonke umphakathi wezinkanyezi wawusuthole cishe izinto ezingama-300 ezifanayo.
5. Igama "asteroid" laqanjwa ngumqambi wamaNgisi uCharles Burney, impumelelo yakhe enkulu kwezomculo yi "History of World Music" emiqulwini emine.
6. Kuze kube ngo-2006, i-asteroid enkulu kunazo zonke kwakuyiCeres, kodwa uMhlangano Jikelele olandelayo we-International Astronomical Union waphakamisa isigaba sawo saba yiplanethi encane. Inkampani ekulesi sigaba saseCeres yehlisiwe emaplanethi iPluto, kanye no-Eris, Makemake noHaumea, nayo etholakala ngale komjikelezo weNeptune. Ngakho-ke, ngenxa yezizathu ezisemthethweni, iCeres ayiseyona i-asteroid, kepha iplanethi emifushane eseduzane neLanga.
7. Ama-Asteroid aneholide lawo lobungcweti. Ibungazwa ngoJuni 30. Phakathi kwabasunguli bokusungulwa kwayo kubalwa nesigingci seQueen uBrian May, Ph.D. ocwaningweni lwezinkanyezi.
8. Inganekwane enhle ngeplanethi iPhaethon, eqhekeke ngamandla adonsela phansi kaMars noJupiter, ayaziwa yisayensi. Ngokwenguqulo eyamukelwa kakhulu, ukukhanga kukaJupiter akuvumanga nje ukuthi iPhaeton yakheke, kumunca ubuningi bayo. Kodwa kwamanye ama-asteroid amanzi, noma kunjalo, iqhwa, atholakala, nakwabanye - ama-molecule e-organic. Azikwazanga ukuzimela ngokuzimela ezintweni ezincane kangaka.
9. I-cinematography isifundise ukuthi i-Asteroid Belt yinto efana noMoscow Ring Road ngehora lokujaha. Eqinisweni, ama-asteroid asebhande ahlukaniswe ngezigidi zamakhilomitha, futhi awekho neze endizeni eyodwa.
NgoJuni 13, 2010, umkhumbi-mkhathi waseJapane uHayabusa waletha amasampula omhlabathi kusuka ku-asteroid Itokawa eMhlabeni. Ukucabanga mayelana nenani elikhulu lezinsimbi kuma-asteroid akuzange kugcwaliseke - amasampuli athola cishe i-30% yensimbi. Umkhumbi-mkhathi weHayabusa-2 kulindeleke ukuthi ufike eMhlabeni ngo-2020.
11. Ngisho nokumbiwa kwensimbi kuphela - ngobuchwepheshe obufanele - kungenza izimayini ze-asteroid zisebenzele ukuhweba. Kuqweqwe lomhlaba, okuqukethwe yensimbi imikhando akudluli ku-10%.
12. Ukukhishwa kwezakhi zomhlaba ezingavamile kanye nezinsimbi ezisindayo kuma-asteroyidi kuthembisa ngisho nenzuzo enhle. Konke okwenziwa isintu manje ezimayini eMhlabeni kuyizinsalela nje zokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu kweplanethi ngama-meteorite nama-asteroid. Izinsimbi ezazitholakala ekuqaleni kweplanethi sekuyisikhathi eside zincibilika kumongo wazo, njengoba zehlele kuwo ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi.
13. Kukhona ngisho nezinhlelo zokwenziwa kwamakoloni nokucutshungulwa okuyisisekelo kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kuma-asteroid. Isibindi sabo esikhulu sicabanga nokudonsela i-asteroid emzileni osondele eMhlabeni futhi bahambise izinsimbi ezingahlanzekile ebusweni beplanethi. Ubunzima obusimo samandla adonsela phansi aphansi, isidingo sokwakha umoya wokufakelwa kanye nezindleko zokuhambisa imikhiqizo eqediwe zihlala zingenakunqotshwa kuze kube manje.
14. Kube nokuhlukaniswa kwama-asteroid kwaba yi-carbon, i-silicon kanye ne-metallic, kepha ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi ukwakheka kwenqwaba yama-asteroyidi kuhlanganisiwe.
15. Kungenzeka ukuthi izibankwakazi zanyamalala ngenxa yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu okudalwe umthelela we-asteroid. Lokhu kushayisana bekungaphakamisa izigidigidi zamathani othuli emoyeni, kuguqule isimo sezulu kuphuce izidlo ukudla.
Izigaba ezine ze-asteroid zijikeleza emzileni oyingozi eMhlabeni ngisho namanje. Lezi zigaba ngokwesiko ziqanjwa ngamagama aqala ngo- "a", ukuhlonipha uCupid - owokuqala kubo, owatholakala ngo-1932. Ibanga eliseduze lama-asteroid abonwe kulawa makilasi avela eMhlabeni alinganiswa ngamashumi ezinkulungwane zamakhilomitha.
17. Isinqumo esikhethekile se-US Congress ngo-2005 sayalela i-NASA ukuthi ikhombe ama-asteroyidi angama-90% asondele eMhlabeni ngobubanzi obungaphezu kwamamitha ayi-140. Umsebenzi kufanele uqedwe ngo-2020. Kuze kube manje, cishe kutholakale izinto ezingaba ngu-5 000 zalobu bukhulu nobungozi.
18. Ukuhlola ubungozi bama-asteroid, kusetshenziswa isikali saseTurin, ngokusho kwama-asteroid anikezwe amaphuzu kusuka ku-0 kuye ku-10. I-Zero ayisho ingozi, okuyishumi kusho ukushayisana okuqinisekisiwe okungabhubhisa impucuko. Izinga eliphakeme labelwa - 4 - lanikezwa i-Apophis ngo-2006. Kodwa-ke, ukulinganiselwa kwehliselwa ku-zero. Awekho ama-asteroid ayingozi kulindeleke ngo-2018.
19. Amazwe amaningana anezinhlelo zokutadisha ukuthi kungenzeka yini inkolelo-mbono yokuphikisa ukuhlaselwa kwama-asteroid emkhathini, kodwa okuqukethwe kwawo kufana nemibono evela emisebenzini eqanjiwe yesayensi. Ukuqhuma kwenuzi, ukushayisana nento yokufakelwa enesisindo esilinganayo, ukudonsa, amandla elanga ngisho ne-catapult kagesi kuthathwa njengezindlela zokulwa nama-asteroid ayingozi.
20. Ngo-Mashi 31, 1989, abasebenzi bePalomar Observatory e-United States bathola i-asteroid Asclepius enobubanzi obungamamitha angama-600. Akukho lutho olukhethekile ngokutholwa, ngaphandle kokuthi ezinsukwini eziyi-9 ngaphambi kokutholakala, u-Asclepius waphuthelwa nguMhlaba ngaphansi kwamahora ayisithupha.
