I-Russia yizwe elikhulu elimangalisa ngezinga nethonya lalo emhlabeni. Leli lizwe lihlotshaniswa namahlathi nezintaba, amachibi ahlanzekile nemifula engapheli, izinhlobo ezahlukene zezitshalo nezilwane. Kulapha lapho kuhlala khona abantu bezizwe ezahlukahlukene, behlonipha amasiko namasiko ezakhamizi zendawo. Okulandelayo, siphakamisa ukuthi kufundwe amaqiniso athakazelisayo futhi amangazayo ngeRussia kanye namaRussia.
1. I-Russia yizwe elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni elinendawo engaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-17 km2, ngakho-ke ubude basempumalanga kuya entshonalanga buhlanganisa izindawo ezinesikhathi eziyishumi ngasikhathi sinye.
2. I-Russian Federation ifaka ama-republic kazwelonke angama-21, athatha ama-21% ensimu yaseRussia.
3. Emhlabeni wonke, iRussia ibhekwa njengezwe laseYurophu, kepha ngasikhathi sinye indawo engu-2/3 yendawo yayo ise-Asia.
4. IRussia ihlukaniswe ne-US ngamakhilomitha ama-4 kuphela, ehlukanisa isiqhingi saseRussia iRatmanov nesiqhingi saseMelika iKruzenshtern.
5. Indawo yaseSiberia enesithwathwa ingamakhilomitha ayizigidi eziyi-9.7, okungamaphesenti angama-9 omhlaba womhlaba.
6. Amahlathi ahlala endaweni enkulu yaseRussia futhi enza indawo engamaphesenti angama-60 eRussia. I-Russia nayo icebile ngemithombo yamanzi, ehlanganisa amachibi ayizigidi ezi-3 nemifula eyizigidi ezingama-2,5.
7. Ichibi laseRussia, eliseValdai National Park, lifakiwe kuhlu lwamagugu omhlaba e-UNESCO. Bathi amanzi akulechibi ayaphilisa futhi angcwele.
8. ERussia iSwan Lake akulona nje igama le-ballet kuphela, kodwa futhi iyindawo ese-Altai Territory, lapho ngoNovemba kufika cishe ama-swans angama-300 namadada angama-2000 ukuzobusika.
9. Imvelo yomama iyahlonishwa eRussia, ngakho-ke u-4% wendawo yezwe uhlala eziqiwini zemvelo.
10. I-Russia iwukuphela kombuso emhlabeni wonke, insimu yawo igezwa yizilwandle eziyi-12 ngasikhathi sinye.
11. IRussia iyikhaya lentaba-mlilo enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni - iKlyuchevskaya Sopka, ephakeme ngamakhilomitha angu-4.85, futhi ibilokhu iqhuma njalo isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka engama-7000.
Isimo sezulu eRussia sihluke kakhulu, futhi uma eSocrhi ebusika izinga lokushisa lomoya elijwayelekile liyi- + 5 ° C, lapho edolobhaneni laseYakutia lingafinyelela ngasikhathi sinye -55 ° C.
13. Ukuqopha kwamazinga okushisa komoya kwaqoshwa ngo-1924 edolobheni laseRussia i-Oymyakon, futhi kwaba ngu -710 ° C.
14. Indawo yokuqala emhlabeni ekukhiqizweni kwegesi no-oyela, kanye nasekuthekelweni komanyolo we-aluminium, insimbi kanye ne-nitrogen inikezwa iRussia Federation.
15. Inhlokodolobha yaseRussia iMoscow ingelinye lamadolobha anabantu abaningi emhlabeni, angithi, ngokusho kwezibalo ezisemthethweni, abantu abayizigidi eziyi-11 bahlala lapho.
16. Ngokwesibalo sabantu, iRussia ikleliswe endaweni yesi-7 emhlabeni futhi inabantu abayizigidi eziyi-145, kanti abaseRussia baseRussia bangu-75% wabantu.
17. IMoscow ingelinye lamadolobha acebe kakhulu futhi abiza kakhulu emhlabeni, kanti nezinga leholo kuleli dolobha lehlukile kunelamaholo kwamanye amadolobha aseRussia ngo-3, futhi ngezikhathi ezithile izikhathi ezingama-33.
18. Kunedolobha elilodwa elimangazayo eRussia - iSuzdal, elisendaweni eyi-15 km2 ehlala abantu abangu-10 000, futhi okumangazayo ngoba kukhona amathempeli angaba ngu-53, anobukhazikhazi ebuhleni nasekuhlobiseni kwawo.
19. Idolobha laseRussia iYekaterinburg ngo-2002, ngokwesilinganiso se-UNESCO, lafakwa ohlwini lwamadolobha ayi-12 amahle kakhulu okuhlala emhlabeni.
20. Elinye lamadolobha amadala kakhulu emhlabeni, lapho kuhlala abantu khona, liseRussia - leli yidolobha laseDagestan iDerbent.
21. Uma ungeza ndawonye insimu yeNetherlands neBelgium, khona-ke indawo yabo izolingana nendawo yesifunda saseTambov.
22. I-Russian Federation ibhekwa njengomlandeli woMbuso WaseRoma, ngoba ukhozi olunamakhanda amabili olukhonjiswe ejazini lalo lufanekisela umqondo waseByzantium wokusebenzisana okuhambisanayo phakathi kwamandla esonto nombuso.
23. IRussia icebile ezimfihlo zayo. Isibonelo, kunamadolobha angaphezu kwe-15 lapho afihliwe kuwo wonke umuntu, ngoba awekho kumamephu, noma kwizimpawu zomgwaqo, futhi akukho ndawo, futhi, nakanjani, umnyango wabafokazi uvaliwe ngokuqinile.
24. IMetro kaMasipala waseMoscow uyisitimela esigcina isikhathi kakhulu emhlabeni, ngoba izikhawu eziphakathi kwezitimela ngesikhathi sokuxhamazela ziyimizuzu eyi-1.5 kuphela.
25. Imetro ejulile emhlabeni isenhlokodolobha yamasiko eRussian Federation - iSt. Petersburg, kanti ukujula kwayo kungamamitha ayi-100.
26. Imetro kaMasipala waseRussia yayiyindawo ephephe kunazo zonke ngesikhathi kuhlasela izindiza zeWWII, kwathi abantu abayi-150 bazalelwa lapho ngesikhathi kuqhunyiswa ngamabhomu.
27. ISt. Petersburg ibizwa ngokuthi inhlokodolobha yamasiko eRussia ngesizathu, kungukuthi nje leli dolobha linemitapo yolwazi engama-2000, imidwebo yobuciko engama-45, iminyuziyamu engama-221, izinkundla zemidlalo yeshashalazi ezingaba ngu-80 kanye nenani elifanayo lamakilabhu nezigodlo zamasiko.
28. I-Peterhof ingesinye sezigodlo ezimangalisa kakhulu emhlabeni, ngoba ngaphezu kwezigodlo zikanokusho iyamangaza ngenqwaba yemithombo, okukhona kuyo izingcezu eziyi-176, ezingama-40 zazo ezinkulu kakhulu.
29. Bathi iVenice idolobha lamabhuloho, kodwa noma ngabe linjani, ngoba eSt. Petersburg kunamabhuloho aphindwe kathathu.
30. Ujantshi omude kunayo yonke eRussia yiTrans-Siberian Railway, exhuma iMoscow neVladivostok. Ubude bale ndlela bungu-9298 km, kanti phakathi nohambo buhlanganisa izindawo ezinesikhathi eziyi-8, amadolobha angama-87 nemifula eyi-16.
31. ERussia kukhona nesiziba esikhulu kunazo zonke samanzi angenasawoti emhlabeni - iBaikal, umthamo waso ofinyelela kuma-23 km3. Ukucabanga ngobukhulu bayo, kwanele ukuzindla ngeqiniso lokuthi imifula eyi-12 emikhulu emhlabeni kufanele igeleze unyaka wonke ukuze igcwalise iBaikal.
32. Izintaba ezindala kakhulu, ngakho-ke izintaba ezinhle kakhulu emhlabeni yi-Urals. Isibonelo, iMount Karandash, eyingxenye yezakhiwo ze-Ural Mountains, yavela eminyakeni engaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezine eyedlule.
33. Enye yezintaba eziyinqaba emhlabeni yiNtaba YaseRussia iMagnitnaya, engaphansi komuzi waseMagnitogorsk, ocishe wenziwe ngensimbi ngokuphelele.
34. ERussia kukhona ihlathi elikhulu kunawo wonke, elijiyile futhi elingasendle emhlabeni - lena yi-taiga yaseSiberia, ingxenye yayo engakaze ihlolwe ngumuntu.
35. Enhloko-dolobha yeRussian Federation kukhona umthombo owodwa, oyingxenye yeqembu lokwakha "u-Alexander noNatalie", lapho kungaphumi khona amanzi alula, kepha amanzi okuphuza, ongakuthokozisa ngawo ukoma kwakho ngosuku olushisayo lwasehlobo.
36. Kutholakala eBorovitsky Hill, iMoscow Kremlin iyinqaba enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, igcinwe kusukela ngeNkathi Ephakathi, futhi indawo yayo ingamahektha angama-27.5, kanti ubude bezindonga bungama-2235 m.
37. Umnyuziyamu omkhulu kunayo yonke futhi omdala kunayo yonke emhlabeni yiRussia Hermitage Museum, enezindawo eziyizigidi ezi-3, futhi uma umuntu efuna ukuzihlola zonke, anikeze umbukiso ngamunye umzuzu owodwa nje, lo muntu kuzofanele aye emnyuziyamu sengathi sebenza iminyaka engu-25.
38. IHermitage nayo idume ngeqiniso lokuthi abasebenzi bomnyuziyamu abafaki abantu kuphela, kepha futhi namakati ajwayelekile kakhulu anepasipoti yawo enesithombe futhi azitholela wona ngama-Whiskas ngokubamba amagundane emnyuziyamu, awavimbele ekonakaliseni imibukiso.
39. Umtapo wolwazi omkhulu kunayo yonke eYurophu useRussia - iPublic Library, eyasungulwa eMoscow ngo-1862.
40. Edolobhaneni elincane laseKizhah kunesonto elifana nomsebenzi wobuciko, okuthakazelisa ngoba akukho neyodwa isipikili esetshenzisiwe ekwakhiweni kwalo.
41. ERussia kunesakhiwo senyuvesi esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni - iMoscow State University, ubude bayo, kanye nomoya omuhle, ongamamitha angu-240.
42. EMoscow ungabona isakhiwo esiphakeme kunazo zonke eYurophu - umbhoshongo we-Ostankino TV, ongamamitha angama-540 ukuphakama.
43. Insimbi enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni yaphonswa eRussia yizingcweti u-Ivan Motorin nendodana yakhe uMikhail. Le yiTsar Bell, engamamitha angama-614 ukuphakama nesisindo samathani angama-202.
44. Ithempeli lakudala lamaKrestu lisendaweni yeRussian Federation - ithempeli likaTkhaba-Yerdy, elakhiwa ngekhulu le-VIII-IX, elise-Ingushetia.
45. IRussia iyindawo yamapaki amadolobha amakhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni - Izmailovsky Park, eyasungulwa ngo-1931 futhi indawo yayo manje esesifinyelele ku-15.3 km2.
46. Ingadi yezitshalo enkulu kunazo zonke eYurophu iphinde ibe yiRussia. Le yingadi yezitshalo eqanjwe ngegama layo I-Tsitsin, eyasungulwa ngemuva nje kokuphela kweMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe ngo-1945.
47. Inethiwekhi enkulu yethilamu emhlabeni itholakala eSt. Petersburg futhi ingamakhilomitha angama-690.
48. Ukushicilelwa kwerekhodi lephepha lephepha kwenzeka ngoMeyi 1990, ngenkathi kushicilelwa amakhophi ayizigidi ezingama-22 ephephandaba laseKomsomolskaya Pravda.
49. Uhlaka lwesitatimende senkululeko esidume umhlaba wonke saseNew York lwancibilika kwelinye lamadolobha aseRussia - iYekaterinburg.
50. I-Russia iyipharadesi lezivakashi ezinemizila eminingi yokuvakasha kanye nokuvakasha okuhle, futhi okuthakazelisayo, phakathi kwayo okungcono kakhulu izindandatho zegolide nezesiliva zaseRussia, kanye neGreat Ural Ring.
51. Esinye sezigodi ezinhle kakhulu emhlabeni isiGodi esihle seLotus, esiseduze ne-Astrakhan, lapho kungenakwenzeka ukubheka kude ngesikhathi lapho wonke ama-lotus eqhakaza khona.
52. Ngo-1949, eRussia, eyayiyingxenye ye-USSR ngaleso sikhathi, kwakhiwa isibhamu sokuhlasela iKalashnikov, manje isibalo se-AK emhlabeni sedlula isibalo sazo zonke ezinye izibhamu zokuhlasela, noma uzihlanganisa zonke.
53. Owayedume kakhulu futhi ethandwa ngumdlalo wonke womhlaba kaTetris wasungulwa ngo-1985 eRussia ngumqambi wezinhlelo u-Alexei Pajitnov.
54. I-matryoshka yasungulwa ngonyaka we-1900 yingcweti yaseRussia uVasily Zvezdochkin, kepha abathengisi bayikhombisa eMbukisweni Womhlaba eParis njenge-Old Russian, futhi ngenxa yalokhu i-matryoshka yanikezwa indondo yethusi.
55. ERussia, kwasungulwa uhlobo lwakudala lweketela likagesi, elidume kakhulu namuhla - i-samovar, okuthi, nakuba yayisebenza kumalahle, hhayi kugesi, kodwa yenza umsebenzi ofanayo wamanzi abilayo.
56. Phakathi kokuqanjwa kweRussia, kufanele kuqhakanjiswe ibhomu, ithelevishini, ilambu lokusesha, okokuhlanza okwenziwe, irekhodi levidiyo, iparashute elikhwama, i-electron microscope nezinye izinto eziningi eziwusizo ekhaya.
57. Akupheli ukuqanjwa eRussia, ngakho-ke muva nje e-Institute of Cytology and Genetics, etholakala eSiberia, kwazalwa uhlobo olusha ngokuphelele lwezimpungushe, ezifuywayo kakhulu, zithandana futhi nemikhuba yazo zifana nezinja namakati.
58. Eduze nokwakhiwa kweNovosibirsk Institute of Cytology and Genetics, kwakhiwa isikhumbuzo segundane laselebhu, lapho kwenziwa khona lezi zivivinyo, leli gundane likhonjiswa ngesimo sososayensi beluka intambo ye-DNA.
59. KwakuseRussia lapho kwasungulwa uhlobo lwezemidlalo olungajwayelekile - indiza enophephela emhlane, lapho izindiza ezinophephela emhlane ezimbili zingena ephaketheni ngamakilabhu emitha e-4 ibhola elikhulu elinobubanzi bemitha eli-1.
60. I-Antarctica yatholakala ngoJanuwari 16, 1820 ngumkhankaso waseRussia oholwa nguMikhail Lazarev noThaddeus Bellingshausen.
61. Umuntu wokuqala ukunqoba isikhala waphinda waba ngusomkhathi waseRussia uYuri Gagarin, owenza indiza yakhe yokuqala yaya emkhathini ngo-Ephreli 12, 1961.
62. Futhi usomajukujuku waseRussia uSergei Krikalev wenza elinye irekhodi esikhaleni - wahlala lapho izinsuku ezingama-803.
63. Ababhali baseRussia uLeo Tolstoy noFyodor Dostoevsky bangababhali abafundwa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke.
64. I-champagne yaseRussia, eyenziwe e-Abrau-Dyurso ngo-2010, yathola indondo yethusi ku-International Wine & Spirit Competition.
65. ERussia, ukulingana phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane kwafika eminyakeni emi-2 ngaphambili kunase-United States, ngoba eRussia abesifazane bathola ilungelo lokuvota ngo-1918, nase-United States kuphela ngo-1920.
66. ERussia, ngokungafani nezinye izifundazwe, akukaze kube khona ubugqila ngomqondo ophelele waleli gama. Futhi i-serfdom yaqedwa kuyo ngo-1861, okuyiminyaka engu-4 ngaphambi kokuqedwa kobugqila e-United States.
67. IRussia empeleni iyisifundazwe sezempi, ngoba ngokwesibalo sabasebenzi bezempi leli lizwe lithatha indawo yesi-2 ngemuva kweChina.
68. Mayelana nomkhiqizo ophelele wasekhaya, iRussia inesikweletu somphakathi esiphansi kunazo zonke emhlabeni.
69. ERussia kunenganekwane ehlekisayo mayelana nenkolelo yokuthi abaseMelika bacabanga ukuthi eRussia abantu bahamba ngokuzola bezungeza amadolobha ngamabhere abo. Amabhere awahambi eRussia, futhi abaseMelika abacabangi kanjalo, kepha nokho abaseRussia bathanda kakhulu ukuthenga isikibha esikhumbuza ngombhalo wesiNgisi: NgangiseRussia. Azikho amabhele.
70. Yize amaRussia engamoyizeli wonke umuntu ahlangana naye, njengabantu baseYurophu, izici ezihlukile zalesi sizwe ukungafihli lutho, ububanzi benhliziyo nobuqotho.
71. ERussia, ngokomlando, abantu baseRussia bakhetha ukuthatha izinqumo ngokuhlanganyela, njalo babonisane futhi banikeze izeluleko.
72. Abantu baseRussia kaningi ezimpilweni zabo banethemba lenhlanhla no "mhlawumbe", futhi bazithatha, yize bengesona isizwe esihlakaniphe kakhulu emhlabeni, kodwa abangokomoya kakhulu.
73. Isikhathi sokuzilibazisa esivame kakhulu kubantu baseRussia ukuhlangana kwasekhishini emakhaya kuze kube sebusuku, lapho bekhuluma ngakho konke emhlabeni ngaphandle komsebenzi.
74. Abantu baseRussia abathembe lutho olushibhile, bakhetha ukuthenga izinto ngenani eliphakeme, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye bathanda "amahhala", ngakho konke bakuthatha ngeze.
75. Iningi lezinkinga nezinkinga eRussia zixazululwa kuphela ngokudonsa, isivumelwano.
76. Inkohlakalo ithuthukiswa kakhulu eRussia. Enye yezinsizakalo eziningi ezingatholakala mahhala idinga ukufumbathiswa. Yize kungenzeka ukuthi unganikeli, kepha kulokhu kuzothatha isikhathi eside kakhulu ukulinda isixazululo senkinga.
77. Iholide eliyintandokazi kakhulu eRussia uNyaka Omusha, umgubho wawo ovame ukuhlala amasonto ama-2 futhi uphela ngoJanuwari 14 kuNyaka Omusha Omdala. Funda amaqiniso ngoNyaka Omusha lapha.
78. Ngenxa yokushoda ngezikhathi zeSoviet, abantu baseRussia baqala ukuhlupheka ngokuqongelela, ngakho-ke bazama ukungalokothi balahle noma yini, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye, uma bengalahlekelwa isigamu semfucumfucu yabo kungazelelwe, bangaze bakuqaphele lokho.
79. Ngokusemthethweni eRussia kunqatshelwe ukuhamba ngezinja ezindaweni zokudlala nokubhema ezindaweni zomphakathi, kodwa empeleni akekho noyedwa othola inhlawulo ngalokhu.
80. Ngo-2011, kwenziwa uguquko eMnyangweni Wezangaphakathi eRussia, okwaholela ekutheni amaphoyisa abe ngamaphoyisa, kepha abaseRussia abakwazi ukuqonda izizathu zalolu shintsho kuze kube namuhla.
81. Olunye uhlobo oluthandwa kakhulu yimidlalo ye-TV kanye nomabonakude aboniswa kuthelevishini emaphakathi yaseRussia yisenzo sobugebengu.
82. Olunye lwechungechunge lwe-TV oludume kakhulu futhi olusebenza isikhathi eside eRussia yi-Street of Broken Lanterns, isiqephu sokuqala esakhonjiswa kuthelevishini ngo-1998 futhi sisaqhubeka nanamuhla.
83. Ngo-1990, umdlalo wethelevishini omnandi kakhulu "i-Field of Miracles" wakhululwa eRussia okokuqala ngqa, okuyi-analogue yohlelo lwaseMelika i "Wheel of Fortune" nolusakazwa ngempumelelo kuChannel One kuze kube namuhla, futhi luyimpoqo njalo ngoLwesihlanu.
84. Umbukiso wezokuzijabulisa othandwa kakhulu futhi othandwa kakhulu eRussia yiKVN, okuyiyona, ngasendleleni, esevele ivakashelwe nguMongameli weRussia Federation, uVladimir Putin, kaningana.
85. Ngokusho koMnyango Wezangaphandle waseRussian Federation, eminyakeni engama-35 edlule, cishe abantu abayizigidi ezingama-35 bashiye iRussia bayohlala unomphela phesheya.
86. Ngaphandle kokufuduka njalo, bonke abantu baseRussia bangabashisekeli bokushisekela izwe labo abangavumeli noma ngubani ukuba ahlukumeze izwe labo neziphathimandla zalo.
87. Inethiwekhi yokuxhumana ethandwa kakhulu emhlabeni yi-Facebook, kepha eRussia lokhu akunjalo neze, lapho okuthandwa kakhulu kunikezwa amanethiwekhi i-Vkontakte ne-Odnoklassniki.
88. Izinjini zokusesha ezithandwa kakhulu eRussia, kanye neGoogle edume umhlaba wonke, yiYandex neMail.ru.
89. Abaduni abanamandla nabahlakaniphe kakhulu emhlabeni wonke babhekwa njengososayensi bamakhompyutha baseRussia, futhi nomnyango okhethekile “K” waze wadalelwa emaphoyiseni ukuze ubabambe.
90. Ngenkathi kuvulwa usuku lokuvulwa kwendawo yokudlela yaseMcDonalds enezihlalo ezingama-700 eMoscow ePushkinskaya Square, izakhamuzi zedolobha ezazifisa ukuyivakashela zafika emnyango wale ndawo yokudlela ngo-5 ekuseni futhi kwakukhona abantu abangafika ku-5 000 emgqeni.
91. ERussia, isidlo esithandwa kakhulu yi-sushi, kanti abaseRussia basithanda kakhulu kunaseJapan.
92.Manje emndenini ojwayelekile waseRussia akuvamile ukuthi uhlangane nezingane ezingaphezu kwezingu-4, futhi kaningi kunezingu-1-2 zazo lapho, kepha ngaphambi kokuvukelwa kuka-1917 kwakukhona okungenani izingane eziyi-12 emndenini ojwayelekile waseRussia.
93. Okwamanje isizwe saseRussia sithathwa njengesiphuza kakhulu emhlabeni, kepha ngaphansi kuka-Ivan the Terrible eRussia babephuza ngamaholide kuphela, nokuthi iwayini lahlanjululwa ngamanzi, namandla otshwala ahluka phakathi kuka-1-6%.
94. I-Tsarist Russia idume ngokuthi ngalezo zinsuku kwakulula njengesinkwa ukuthenga ivolovolo esitolo.
95. ERussia, ngawo-1930, i-sturgeon enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni yabanjwa eMfuleni iTikhaya Sosna, ngaphakathi lapho kwatholakala khona i-caviar emnyama emnandi engama-245 kg.
96. I-Russia futhi idume ngeqiniso lokuthi ngo-1980 kwatholakala izinhlanzi "ezinqamula", iSweden Navy eyazidida nemikhumbi-ngwenya yaseSoviet, okwathi kamuva baklonyeliswa ngayo ngeShnobel Prize.
97. ISoviet Union yaba negalelo elikhulu ekunqobeni amaNazi, ngakho-ke, ukuhlonipha lesi sehlakalo esivelele, kwenziwa umbukiso wamasosha minyaka yonke ngoMeyi 9 eRed Square eMoscow.
98. Uma sikhuluma ngokubuka komthetho wamazwe omhlaba, iJapane kufanele ngabe ingqubuzana neRussia kusukela ngeMpi Yesibili Yomhlaba ngenxa yokuthi impikiswano yobunikazi beziQhingi zaseKuril ayibasizanga ekusayineni isivumelwano sokuthula, kepha nokho la mazwe hlalani ngokuzwana okuphelele komunye nomunye.
99. Wonke amadoda aphilile eRussia aphakathi kweminyaka eyi-18 nengama-27 abona kuwumsebenzi wabo ongcwele ezweni laseMotherland ukusebenzela impi.
100. IRussia izwe elimangalisayo elinemithombo yemvelo engapheli kanye negugu elikhulu lomlando namasiko.
