Umhlaba wezimbali uhluka ngokungenamkhawulo. Indoda edale izinkulungwane zezinhlobo zezimbali ezintsha, ngaphandle kokuba nesikhathi sokuchaza lezo ezikhona, ingeze imizamo yayo ezinhlobonhlobo zemvelo zobuhle obuqhakazile. Futhi, njenganoma iyiphi into noma into ekudala ihambisana nomuntu, izimbali zinomlando wazo kanye nezinganekwane, izimpawu nezinganekwane, ukuhumusha ngisho nezepolitiki.
Ngakho-ke, inani lemininingwane etholakalayo ngemibala likhulu kakhulu. Ungakhuluma nangembali eyodwa eyodwa amahora bese ubhala ngamavolumu. Ngaphandle kokwenza sengathi samukela ubukhulu, sifake kuleli qoqo hhayi amaqiniso aziwa kakhulu, kepha athakazelisayo nezindaba ezihlobene nezimbali.
1. Njengoba wazi, umnduze wawuseFrance uwuphawu lwamandla obukhosi. Intonga yamakhosi yayinomcibisholo wesimo somnduze; imbali yavezwa kufulegi lombuso, emabhokisini ezempi nasophawini lombuso. Ngemuva kweGreat French Revolution, uhulumeni omusha waqeda zonke izimpawu zombuso (iziphathimandla ezintsha zihlala zikulungele ukulwa nezimpawu). ULily ulahlekile ekusetshenzisweni komphakathi cishe ngokuphelele. Yaqhubeka nokusetshenziselwa kuphela ukwenza izigebengu. Ngakho-ke, uma uMilady ovela kule noveli ethi "The Three Musketeers" ebanjwa ngabaphathi bezinguquko, ukucwaswa kombuso wakudala bekungeke kushintshe.
Isimo esidabukisayo samathambo wanamuhla kwake kwaba yisiqalekiso sasebukhosini
2. I-Turner - umndeni obanzi wezitshalo, ofaka utshani, izihlahlana nezihlahla. Umndeni wemikhakha eyi-10 nezinhlobo eziyi-120 uqanjwe ngembali ye-Turner (kwesinye isikhathi igama elithi “Turner” lisetshenziswa kabi). Imbali ekhula e-Antilles yatholakala ngekhulu le-17 yisazi sezitshalo saseFrance uCharles Plumier. Ngaleyo minyaka, izazi zezitshalo ezazisebenza kulo mkhakha zazithathwa njengesigaba esiphansi ukwedlula ososayensi bezitulo zezihlalo ababenza isayensi "emsulwa". Ngakho-ke, uPlumier, owacishe wafela ehlathini laseWest Indies, njengesibonakaliso senhlonipho, waqamba igama lembali ayithola ngokuhlonipha "ubaba wesazi sezitshalo saseNgilandi" uWilliam Turner. Ukufaneleka kukaTurner ngaphambi kwezitshalo jikelele kanye ne-English botany ikakhulukazi ukuthi, ngaphandle kokushiya ihhovisi lakhe, wafingqa futhi wahlanganisa kwisichazamazwi esisodwa amagama ezinhlobo zezitshalo eziningi ngezilimi ezahlukahlukene. UCharles Plumier waqamba esinye isitshalo, i-begonia, ngegama lomxhasi wakhe, umphathi wesigaba sezindiza, uMichel Begon. Kepha uBegon, okungenani, waya eWest Indies uqobo futhi wenza ikhathalogu yezitshalo lapho, wazibona phambi kwakhe. Futhi i-begonia eRussia kusukela ngo-1812 ibizwa ngokuthi "Indlebe kaNapoleon".
Turner
3. E-Australia, eNew Zealand, eChile nase-Argentina, kukhula isihlahla esihlala siluhlaza i-Aristotelian shrub, esiqanjwe ngusosayensi wasendulo ongumGreki. Lowo owaqamba lesi sihlahlane, ngokusobala, ebuntwaneni, wayekhathele impela ngolimi lwesiGreki lasendulo noma umqondo osemthethweni - izithelo zika-Aristotelia zimuncu kabi, yize abaseChile bekwazi nokwenza iwayini ngazo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izithelo zesitshalo, eziqhakaza ngamaqoqo ezimbali ezincane ezimhlophe, zilungele umkhuhlane.
4. UNapoleon Bonaparte wayaziwa njengomuntu othanda ama-violets. Kodwa emuva ngo-1804, lapho inkazimulo yombusi yayingakafiki emvuthwandaba wayo, isihlahla esikhula e-Afrika esinezimbali ezinhle ngokumangalisayo saqanjwa ukuze simdumise. Izimbali zeNapoleon azinawo amacembe, kepha kunemigqa emithathu ye-stamens ebekwe ngokuqinile komunye nomunye. Umbala wabo ushintsha ngokushelela kusuka kokumhlophe-ophuzi ezansi kuya kobomvu obumnyama phezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona i-peony eyenziwe ngokufakelwa ebizwa nge- "Napoleon".
5. Njengegama elaziwa ngegama lesiRashiya, igama lesiJalimane yigama lesibili. Ngo-1870, ososayensi baseJalimane uJoseph Zuccarini noPhilip Siebold, behlukanisa izimbali zaseMpumalanga Ekude, banquma ukunika igama leNdlovukazi yaseRussia yaseNetherlands u-Anna Pavlovna esihlahleni esithandwayo esinezimbali ezinkulu ezibubende eziyimpiramidi. Kuvele ukuthi igama elithi Anna beselivele liyasetshenziswa. Akunandaba, ososayensi banqume. Igama lesibili lendlovukazi esanda kushona nayo ayilutho, futhi isihlahla saqanjwa ngokuthi iPawlovnia (kamuva saguqulwa saba yiPaulownia). Ngokusobala, lokhu kuyicala elehlukile lapho isitshalo singagagulwanga ngegama noma ngesibongo, kodwa ngegama lomuntu. Nokho, u-Anna Pavlovna ufanelwe udumo olunjalo. Wahlala impilo ende futhi enezithelo kude neRussia, kepha akazange akhohlwe ngezwe lakubo, hhayi njengendlovukazi, noma ngemuva kokushona komyeni wakhe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iPaulownia ayaziwa eRussia, kodwa ithandwa kakhulu eJapan, China naseNyakatho Melika. Izinkuni kulula ukuphatha futhi zinamandla amakhulu. Kukhiqizwa imikhiqizo ebanzi kusuka eziqukathi kuya kuzinsimbi zomculo. Futhi amaJapane akholelwa ukuthi empilweni ejabulisayo kufanele kube nemikhiqizo ye-paulownia endlini.
Paulownia uqhakaza
6. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, ukuthengiswa kwezitolo zezimbali ezingama-500 zaseParis kwaba ama-franc ayizigidi ezingama-60. I-ruble yaseRussia yabe isibiza cishe ama-franc ama-3, kanti uColonel webutho laseRussia wathola ama-ruble angama-320 weholo. Usozigidi waseMelika uVanderbilt, ebona esitolo sezimbali okuwukuphela kwakhe, njengoba umthengisi eqinisekisa, i-chrysanthemum engajwayelekile kuyo yonke iParis, ngokushesha wanikeza ama-franc ayi-1 500 ngayo. Uhulumeni, ehlobisa idolobha ngokuvakashelwa yi-Emperor Nicholas II, wasebenzisa cishe ama-franc angama-200,000 ezimbalini. Futhi ngaphambi komngcwabo kaMongameli uSadi Carnot, abalimi bezimbali bacebile isigamu sesigidi.
7. Uthando lukaJosephine de Beauharnais lwengadi kanye ne-botany alunakufa egameni leLapagere, imbali ekhula eChile kuphela. Ukuxhumana phakathi kwegama le-Empress yaseFrance negama lesitshalo akuyona into esobala. Igama lakheka kusuka engxenyeni yegama lakhe kuya emshadweni - laphela ngo- "de la Pageerie". ILapazheria ngumvini lapho kukhula khona izimbali ezibomvu ezinkulu (ezifika ku-10 cm ububanzi). Yatholwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, kwathi eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, iLapazheria yazaliselwa ezindlini zokugcina izithombo zaseYurophu. Ngenxa yesimo sesithelo, kwesinye isikhathi sibizwa ngokuthi ikhukhamba laseChile.
I-Lapazheria
8. Ukuhlonipha umbusi wengxenye yeYurophu, uCharles V waseHabsburg, kuphela isihlahla esinameva se-carlin esabizwa ngegama. Uma ucabanga iqiniso lokuthi uCharles wayenemiqhele yasebukhosini engaphezu kweshumi kuphela, kungabalwa umqhele wobukhosi, lapho-ke ukuhlolwa kwezitshalo ngendima yakhe emlandweni kubukeka kubukelwa phansi ngokusobala.
9. Usopolitiki odumile waseNgilandi uBenjamin Disraeli, ngesinye isikhathi esemusha, ebona ekhanda lenye yezintokazi umqhele wezimbali ze-primrose, wathi lezi zimbali ziyaphila. Owayengumngani wakhe akavumanga futhi wanikela ngokubheja. UDisraeli unqobile, futhi intombazane yamnika umqhele. Kusukela ngalolo suku, emhlanganweni ngamunye, intombazane yanikeza umlandeli imbali ye-primrose. Ngokushesha wabulawa isifo sofuba, futhi i-primrose yaba yimbali ehlelekile kaNdunankulu waseNgilandi kabili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njalo ngonyaka ngo-Ephreli 19, usuku lokushona kosopolitiki, ithuna likaDisraeli limbozwa ukhaphethi wama-primroses. Kukhona ne-League of Primroses, enezigidi zamalungu.
Primrose
10. I-Dutch tulip mania yekhulu le-17, ngenxa yemizamo yabaphenyi banamuhla, isiphenduke yaba yisiqeshana sokuhlanza imfihlakalo kunemfihlakalo yeBermuda Triangle noma iDyatlov Pass - kubonakala sengathi kuqoqwe imininingwane eminingi eyiqiniso, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye, abavumeli ukwakha uhlobo oluhambisanayo lwemicimbi futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, imiphumela yabo. Ngokuya ngemininingwane efanayo, abanye abacwaningi bakhuluma ngokuwa okuphelele komnotho waseDashi, owalandela ngemuva kokuqhuma kwebhulebhu yebhalbhu. Abanye bathi umnotho wezwe uqhubekile nokuthuthuka ngaphandle kokubona into encane enjalo. Kodwa-ke, ubufakazi obubhaliwe bokushintshaniswa kwezindlu zamatshe eziyizitezi ezimbili ngama-tulip bulb noma ukusetshenziswa kwama-bulbs esikhundleni semali kumadili wezohwebo jikelele kusikisela ukuthi le nkinga yayingelona ize nakumaDashi acebile.
11. Ngokuhlonipha omunye wobaba boMbuso WaseBrithani, umsunguli weSingapore kanye nomnqobi wesiqhingi saseJava, iStamford Raffles, izitshalo eziningana zethiwa igama ngasikhathi sinye. Okokuqala, lokhu kuyiqiniso, i-rafflesia edumile. Izimbali ezinkulu ezinhle zatholwa okokuqala ngohambo oluholwa uKaputeni Raffles owayengaziwa ngaleso sikhathi. UDkt.Joseph Arnold, owathola i-rafflesia yesikhathi esizayo, wayengazi ngezakhiwo zayo, futhi wanquma ukujabulisa umphathi. Ngenxa yalokho, kwavela ukuthi ukuhlonipha umqhubi ovelele wosopolitiki waseBrithani wamakoloni baqamba imbali engenasiqu kanye namaqabunga, ehola impilo eyisinambuzane kuphela. Mhlawumbe, beqamba ezinye izitshalo ngegama likaSir Stamford: URaffles Alpinia, uNepentes Raffles noRaffles Dyschidia, bazama ukwenza ubumbano olubi kangaka lwembali yama-parasite nezombusazwe zamakoloni.
I-Rafflesia ingaba ngamamitha ayi-1 ububanzi
12. Ngesikhathi sokubusa koMbusi waseRussia uNicholas I, uGeneral Klingen wathola isimemezelo esiphakeme kakhulu sokuphelezela u-Empress Maria Feodorovna kuTsarskoye Selo. Ngesikhathi indlovukazi ihleli emagumbini ayo, ujenene, ethembekile emsebenzini wakhe osemthethweni, waya kohlola izikhala. Onogada bafeze inkonzo yabo ngesizotha, kepha ujenene wamangazwa unogada, owayegade indawo ebonakala ingenalutho epaki, kude namabhentshi ngisho nezihlahla. UKlingen uzame ukuthola incazelo waze wehla waze wabuyela eSt. Kulapho kuphela, komunye womakadebona, wafunda ukuthi okuthunyelwe kwakuyalelwe nguCatherine II ukuthi aqaphe i-rose elihle kakhulu elenzelwe umzukulu wakhe. UMama Empress wakhohlwa ngokuthunyelwe ngakusasa, futhi amasosha adonsa ibhande kuso eminye iminyaka engu-30 enhle.
13. Imbali yomndeni wakwaPushkinia ayiqanjwa ngegama lembongi enkulu yaseRussia. Ngo-1802 - 1803 uhambo olukhulu lwasebenza eCaucasus, luhlola ubunjalo namathumbu wesifunda. Inhloko yalo mkhankaso kwakungu-Count A. A. Musin-Pushkin. Isazi sezinto eziphilayo uMikhail Adams, owaba ngowokuqala ukuthola isithwathwa esingavamile esinephunga elibi, wasiqamba ngegama lomholi wohambo (ngabe kukhona okushiwo okungekuhle nalapha?). U-Count Musin-Pushkin wathola imbali yegama lakhe, futhi lapho ebuya, uKumkanikazi uMaria Feodorovna wethula indandatho ku-Adams.
Pushkinia
14. Iminyaka eminingana ilandelana, imakethe yezimbali eRussia ngokwezimali iye yaguquguquka esifundeni sama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-2.6 - 2.7. Lezi zibalo azibandakanyi ukungeniswa kwangaphandle okungekho emthethweni nezimbali ezitshalwa emakhaya. Intengo emaphakathi yembali eyodwa ezweni ingama-ruble ayi-100, nokusabalala okuphindwe kabili phakathi kweCrimea neMpumalanga Ekude.
15. Ngo-1834, esinye sezazi zezitshalo ezinkulu emlandweni, u-Augustin Decandol, ehlukanisa umdolofiya waseBrazil ngezimbali ezibomvu, wanquma ukuwuqamba ngegama lesihambi esidumile saseNgilandi nesazi sezibalo uThomas Harriott. Ukuhlonipha umsunguli wezimpawu zezibalo "okuningi" noku "okuncane" kanye nomhlinzeki wokuqala wamazambane eGreat Britain, i-cactus yaqanjwa ngokuthi i-hariot. Kepha njengoba uDecandol aqamba izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingaphezu kwezingu-15,000 ngesikhathi somsebenzi wakhe, akumangazi ukuthi uthathe igama eselivele lisetshenzisiwe (bekungeyona iDecandol esinye sezibonelo zesazi sokuma komhlaba esihlakazekile uPaganel?). Kwakudingeka ngenze i-anagram, futhi i-cactus yathola igama elisha - i-hatiora.
16. Umbhalo othi "INetherlands" ebhokisini lezimbali akusho ukuthi izimbali ezisebhokisini zazitshalwe eHolland. Cishe okubili kokuthathu kokuthengiselana emakethe yezimbali yomhlaba kudlula kwiRoyal Flora Holland exchange njalo ngonyaka. Imikhiqizo evela eNingizimu Melika, e-Asia nase-Afrika ithengiswa cishe ngokushintshaniswa kwezimbali zaseDashi bese ithengiswa kabusha emazweni athuthukile.
17. Izazi zezitshalo zaseMelika uBartram ngo-1765 zathola esifundazweni saseGeorgia umuthi wepiramidi ongaziwa onezimbali ezimhlophe neziphuzi. Abafowethu batshala imbewu ePhiladelphia yangakubo, kwathi lapho izihlahla zihluma, baziqamba ngegama likaBenjamin Franklin, umngani omkhulu kababa wabo. Ngaleso sikhathi, uFranklin, owayesekude nodumo lomhlaba, wayengumphathi nje wamakholoni aseNyakatho Melika. Abazalwane bakwazile ukutshala iFranklinia ngesikhathi - ukulima umhlaba ngamandla nokuthuthuka kwezolimo kwaholela ekutheni ngemuva kwamashumi ambalwa eminyaka isihlahla saba uhlobo olusengozini, futhi kusukela ngo-1803, iFranklinia ingabonakala kuphela ezingadini zezitshalo.
Imbali kaFranklinia
18. AmaSulumane athi amandla okuhlanza e-rose. Esebambe iJerusalema ngo-1189, uSultan Saladin wayala ukuthi ageze ngokuphelele umosque wase-Omar, waphenduka isonto, ngamanzi e-rose. Ukuze kuhanjiswe inani elidingekayo lamanzi ama-rose avela endaweni lapho kukhula khona ama-rose, kwathatha amakamela angama-500. UMohammed II, owathatha uConstantinople ngo-1453, wahlanza ngokufanayo iHagia Sophia ngaphambi kokuyiphendukela ekubeni yisonto lamaSulumane. Kusukela lapho, eTurkey, izingane ezisanda kuzalwa ziye zagcotshwa ngamacembe ama-rose noma zigoqwe ngendwangu ephinki ezacile.
19. IFitzroy cypress yaqanjwa ngegama likakaputeni odumile we- "Beagle" uRobert Fitzroy. Kodwa-ke, ukaputeni onesibindi wayengesona isazi sezitshalo, futhi i-cypress yatholakala isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba iBeagle isondele ogwini lwaseNingizimu Melika ngo-1831. AbaseSpain babiza lesi sihlahla esibalulekile, esacishe sanqanyulwa ngokuphelele ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20, ngokuthi “isexwayiso” noma “iPatagonian cypress” emuva ngekhulu le-17.
I-cypress enjalo ingakhula iminyaka eyizinkulungwane.
20. I-War of the Scarlet and White Roses eNgilandi, eyathatha iminyaka engama-30 engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-15, ayihlangene nezimbali. Yonke idrama ngokukhethwa kwemibala yama-rose yemikhono yomndeni yasungulwa nguWilliam Shakespeare. Eqinisweni, izikhulu ezingamaNgisi zazilwela isihlalo sobukhosi senkosi amashumi eminyaka, zisekela umndeni wakwaLancaster noma owaseYork. Umbala obomvu nombala omhlophe engubeni yabaphathi baseNgilandi, ngokusho kukaShakespeare, wahlanganiswa nguHenry VI ogula ngengqondo. Ngemuva kwakhe, impi yaqhubeka eminye iminyaka eminingi, kwaze kwaba yilapho uLancaster ongekho emthethweni uHenry VI I ehlanganisa izwe elikhathele waba umsunguli wobukhosi obusha bukaTudor.
21. Uma kubhekwa ukuzalaniswa kalula kwama-orchid, kungaba yisikhathi eside kakhulu ukuhlunga izinhlobo zazo, eziqanjwe ngabantu abathile abavelele. Kumele uqaphele ukuthi mhlawumbe uhlobo oluthile lwe-orchid lwaqanjwa ngokuhlonipha uMikhail Gorbachev. Abalingiswa abasezingeni eliphansi njengoJackie Chan, u-Elton John, uRicky Martin, noma uFrida Giannini, umqondisi wokudala weGucci, kufanele balungiselele izinhlamvu eziyimbumbulu. UGiannini, nokho, akazange athukuthele: ngokushesha wakhipha iqoqo lezikhwama ezingama-88 ezinesithombe se-orchid "yakhe", ngasinye sibiza ama-euro ayizinkulungwane eziningana. Futhi i-American Clint McAid, isivele yathuthukisa uhlobo olusha olusha, yaqamba igama layo ngoJoseph Stalin, kwathi eminyakeni eminingana yacela iRoyal Society ngokubhaliswa kwamagama ukuthi iguqule igama le-orchid libe ngu "General Patton".
U-Elton John nge-orchid eyenziwe ngezifiso
22. Izimpi zezimbali ezenzeka ezifundazweni zaseMayan nase-Aztec ngekhulu le-XIV zazingekho, ngomqondo ophelele wegama, noma ngabe yimbali noma izimpi. Ezweni lesimanje eliphucukile, le mincintiswano kungenzeka ibizwe ngokuthi yimincintiswano yokuthwebula iziboshwa, ebanjwa ngokwemithetho ethile, emibuthanweni eminingana. Ababusi bamadolobha ababambe iqhaza banxusa kusengaphambili ukuthi ngeke kube khona ukubanjwa inkunzi noma ukubulala. Intsha izophuma iye endle futhi ilwe kancane, ithathe iziboshwa. Labo, ngokwesiko, bayabulawa, futhi ngemuva kwesikhathi esivunyelwene ngakho konke kuzophinda. Le ndlela yokuqothula ingxenye yentsha ethandekayo kumele ngabe ibathande kakhulu abaseSpain, abaqhamuka ezwenikazi eminyakeni engama-200 kamuva.
23. Ngokwenganekwane yasendulo yamaGrikhi, ukuqothuka kwavela ngemuva kukankulunkulukazi uDiana, ebuya ekuzingeleni okungaphumelelanga, wakhipha amehlo omalusi ongafanele, wabaphonsa phansi. Endaweni lapho amehlo awa khona, kwakhula izimbali ezimbili ezibomvu. Ngakho-ke ama-carnations awuphawu lokubhikisha ngokuhlukumeza labo abaphethe. I-carnation yayisetshenziswa ngenkuthalo yizinhlangothi zombili phakathi neminyaka yenguquko yaseFrance, yabe isiba uphawu lwendawo yonke lwesibindi nesibindi.
UDiana. Lesi sikhathi, ngokusobala, ukuzingela kube yimpumelelo
24. UMbusi waseRussia uMaria Feodorovna, ozalwa yinkosazana yasePrussia uCharlotte, wayenomlutha wamakhakidi asuka ebuntwaneni. Ngokwenkolelo yomndeni, kwakuyizimbali ze-cornflowers ezasiza izwe lakhe ukuba libuyele emuva kokunqotshwa nguNapoleon nokulahlekelwa yingxenye yomhlaba.Lapho indlovukazi ithola ukuthi u-Ivan Krylov ovelele we-fabulist unesifo sohlangothi futhi uyafa, wathumela isiguli isixha sezimbali zamabele futhi wathembisa ukuhlala esigodlweni sasebukhosini. UKrylov walulama ngokuyisimangaliso futhi wabhala inganekwane ethi "Cornflower", lapho aziveza khona njengembali ephukile, nendlovukazi njengelanga elinikeza impilo.
25. Naphezu kokuthi izimbali zithandwa kakhulu ku-heraldry, futhi amazwe amaningi anezimbali zikazwelonke, izimbali azimelwe kahle ngezimpawu zombuso ezisemthethweni. I-orchid yaseHong Kong, noma i-bauhinia, ihlobisa ingubo yezikhali zaseHong Kong, futhi efulethini lesizwe laseMexico i-cactus iboniswa iqhakaza. Ingubo yezikhali zombuso waseNingizimu Melika waseGuyana ikhombisa umnduze, futhi ijazi lezingalo laseNepal lihlotshiswe nge-mallow.
Ifulegi likaGokong