IPeter and Paul Fortress ingesinye sezakhiwo ezindala kakhulu zobunjiniyela bezempi eSt. Eqinisweni, ukuzalwa kwedolobha kwaqala ngokwakhiwa kwalo. Ibhalwe njengegatsha leMnyuziyamu Yezomlando futhi itholakala osebeni lweNeva, esiQhingini seHare. Ukwakhiwa kwalo kwaqala ngo-1703 ngokusikiselwa nguPeter I futhi kwaholwa yiNkosana u-Alexander Menshikov.
Umlando weNqaba kaPeter noPaul
Le nqaba "yakhula" ukuze kuvikelwe umhlaba waseRussia kwabaseSweden empini yasenyakatho, eyadlalwa ngekhulu le-VIII futhi yahlala iminyaka engama-21. Kakade ngaphambi kokuphela kwekhulu le-19, kwakhiwa izakhiwo eziningi lapha: isonto, lapho kamuva kwafakwa khona igumbi lokungcwaba, izisekelo, amakhethini, njll. Ngesinye isikhathi kwakukhona izinsimbi zangempela lapha. Izindonga ziphakeme ngamamitha ayi-12 futhi zingaba ngu-3 m ubukhulu.
Ngo-1706, kwaba nesikhukhula esibi eSt. Petersburg, futhi njengoba iningi lezinqaba lalingelokhuni, lakhukhuleka nje. Ababhali bephrojekthi bekufanele babuyisele yonke into kabusha, kepha ngokusebenzisa itshe. Le misebenzi yaqedwa kuphela ngemuva kokufa kukaPeter I.
Ngo-1870-1872. IPeter and Paul Fortress yaguqulwa yaba ijele, lapho iziboshwa eziningi zazidonsa khona izigwebo zazo, kubalwa nendlalifa yesihlalo sobukhosi saseRussia, uTsarevich Alexei, Bestuzhev, Radishchev, Tyutchev, General Fonvizin, Shchedrin, njll. Ngo-1925, iPeter and Paul Cathedral, eyavela esikhundleni sesonto elidala lamapulangwe laseSt. UPeter noPaul, bathola isikhundla sokuba umnyuziyamu. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, izinsizakalo zaphinde zaqala kabusha ngo-1999.
Incazelo emfushane yezinto zesakhiwo semnyuziyamu
Indlu yobunjiniyela... Igama layo liyazikhulumela - phambilini ibihlala amafulethi ezikhulu ze-serf Engineering Administration nendawo yokufundela ukudweba. Le ndlu encane inesitezi esisodwa kuphela futhi ipendiwe ngombala wewolintshi ngakho-ke ibonakala kude. Ngaphakathi kunehholo lombukiso elinombukiso wakudala.
Indlu kaBotny... Lathola igama lalo ekuhlonipheni iqiniso lokuthi isikebhe sikaPeter I sigcinwe kwelinye lamahholo.Sasakhiwe ngezitayela zeBaroque neClassism ngophahla olumise okwekhothamo oluthweswe umqhele wesithombe sowesifazane esakhiwe ngumdwebi nomqophi uDavid Jensen. Kukhona nesitolo esiyisikhumbuzo lapho ungathenga khona odonsa, amapuleti nezinye izinto ngomfanekiso wale nqaba.
Indlu kaMkhuzi... Kukhona ukuvezwa okuthakazelisayo "Umlando waseSt. Petersburg", lapho ungathola khona izingubo zasendulo ezigqokwa kuma-mannequins, izithombe zedolobha, imidwebo, izithombe ezahlukahlukene nezinto zangaphakathi zamakhulu we-18-19.
Bastions... Bangu-5 sebebonke, omncane kubo nguGosudarev. Ngo-1728, iNaryshkin Bastion yavulwa endaweni yePeter and Paul Fortress, lapho kuze kube namuhla kukhona inganono, lapho, ngaphandle kokulahleka usuku, isibhamu esisodwa sidutshulwa phakathi kwamabili. Zonke ezinye izinqaba - iMenshikov, iGolovkin, iZotov neTrubetskoy - ngesinye isikhathi kwakuyijele lokuvalela iziboshwa, ikhishi labomabhalane behhovisi lomphathi kanye nekamu. Abanye babo babhekene nezitini kanti abanye banamatayela.
Amakhethini... Okudume kakhulu kubo yiNevskaya, eyakhiwe yiDomenico Trezzini. Ama-casemates asezitezi ezimbili wezikhathi zamandla e-tsarist abuyiselwe lapha ngokunemba okuphezulu. ISango laseNevsky liseduze kwalo. Lesi sakhiwo sihlanganisa uVasilievskaya, u-Ekaterininskaya, uNikolskaya noPetrovskaya. Lapho ibihlala amabutho ahlanganisiwe, kepha manje kunemibukiso eminingi.
Mint - Izinhlamvu zemali zenzelwe lapha iRussia, iTurkey, iNetherlands nezinye izifundazwe. Namuhla, kuleli bhilidi kuhlala isitshalo sokukhiqiza izindondo ezahlukahlukene, imiklomelo nama-oda.
Peter noPaul Cathedral - kulapha lapho amalungu omndeni wasebukhosini ephumula - u-Alexander II nomkakhe, inkosazana yeNdlu yaseHesse nendlovukazi yaseRussia, uMaria Alexandrovna. Okuthakazelisa kakhulu yi-iconostasis, eyenzelwe ngesimo se-arch yemikhosi. Maphakathi nayo kunamasango anezithombe zabaphostoli abakhulu. Bathi ukuphakama kwalo msinga kungamamitha ayi-122. Ngo-1998, izinsalela zamalungu omndeni kaNicholas II nombusi uqobo zadluliselwa ethuneni. Iqoqo liqeda ngombhoshongo wensimbi, ogcina iqoqo lezinsimbi elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni. Zitholakala embhoshongweni ohlotshiswe ngokuhloba, iwashi elikhulu kanye nokuqoshwa kwengelosi.
Umgomo... Abadume kakhulu kubo, abakwaNevsky, bamukela izivakashi phakathi kukaNaryshkin noMbusi Bastion futhi bakhiwe ngesitayela se-classicism. Ziyathakazelisa ngezinsika zazo ezinkulu zokukhanya, zilingisa ezaseRoma. Ngesinye isikhathi, iziboshwa ezineshwa zazithunyelwa ukuba zibulawe ngazo. Kukhona namasango eVasilievsky, Kronverksky, Nikolsky nasePetrovsky.
AmaRavelines... E-Alekseevsky ravelin, ngaphansi kombuso wobukhosi, kwakukhona umgodi lapho kufakwa khona iziboshwa zezombusazwe. Ioannovsky Museum of Cosmonautics and Rocket Technology eqanjwe ngo-V.P.Glushko nehhovisi layo lamathikithi.
Kwelinye lamagceke ePeter and Paul Fortress kumi itshe lesikhumbuzo likaPeter I esisekelweni, sizungezwe uthango.
Izimfihlo nezinganekwane zale ndawo eyimfihlakalo
Imfihlo edume kakhulu yeNqaba kaPeter noPaul ukuthi phakathi kwamabili umoya kamufi uPeter I uqhumisa isibhamu kwesinye sezizinda.Futhi kuthiwa wonke amathuna asethuneni awanalutho. Kunenye futhi inhlebo esabekayo yokuthi isipoki esithile sake sathanda ukuzula emaphaseji enqaba. Ngokusobala, kwaba ummbiwa owafa ngesikhathi kwakhiwa lesi sakhiwo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi wawa esuka ekuphakameni okukhulu ngqo enkingeni. Lesi sibalo esingaqondakali sayeka ukuvela kuphela ngemuva kokuba omunye wofakazi bokuzibonela ewele lesi sipoki wasiphula neBhayibheli.
Sikukwazisa ukuthi ufunde ngenqaba yaseKoporskaya.
Kuzoba mnandi kubantu abakholelwa ezeni ukwazi ukuthi kwakukhona amacala okudlula amazinyo lapho uthinta itshe lethuna likaPaul I, elibhekwa njengelingcwele. Inganekwane yokugcina, futhi engajwayelekile, ithi abantu abahluke ngokuphelele bangcwatshwe emathuneni oMbusi waseRussia uNicholas II kanye namalungu omndeni wakhe.
Amathiphu awusizo kubavakashi
- Amahora wokuvula - nsuku zonke, ngaphandle kosuku lwe-3 lwesonto, kusuka ku-11.00 kuye ku-18.00. Ukungena kwensimu kungenzeka isonto lonke kusuka ku-9 ekuseni kuya ku-8 pm.
- Ikheli lendawo - iSt. Petersburg, iZayachiy Island, uPeter noPaul Fortress, 3.
- Ezokuthutha - amabhasi uNombolo 183, 76 noNombolo 223, ithilamu No. 6 kanye no-40 agijimela eduze kwePeter and Paul Fortress. isiteshi semetro "Gorkovskaya".
- Ungathola ngemuva kwezindonga zenqaba mahhala, futhi ukungena ePeter and Paul Cathedral, abantu abadala kuzodingeka bakhokhe ama-ruble angama-350, kanti abafundi nezingane zesikole - ama-ruble ayi-150. Ngaphansi. Kunesaphulelo sika-40% sabantu abahola impesheni. Ithikithi lazo zonke izakhiwo libiza cishe ama-ruble ayi-150. kubantu abadala, ama-ruble angama-90. - yabafundi nabafundi nama-ruble ayi-100. - kwabahola impesheni. Indlela eshibhile kunazo zonke kuzoba ukugibela umbhoshongo wensimbi.
Akunandaba ukuthi zinhle futhi zithakazelisa kanjani izithombe zePeter and Paul Fortress ku-Intanethi, kuzothakazelisa kakhulu ukuzibuka bukhoma ngenkathi uvakashela uhambo! Akusilo ize lesi sakhiwo eSt.
