ITower Leaning Tower yasePisa yaziwa ngesakhiwo sayo esiyingqayizivele cishe kubo bonke abantu abadala, ngoba bakhuluma ngayo esikoleni. Ingesinye seziheha ezivakashelwa kakhulu e-Italy. Sekuyiminyaka eminingi, izivakashi zingavunyelwe ukungena ngaphakathi kwalesi sakhiwo esincikene, kodwa njengoba “ukuwa” bekuvinjelwe, namuhla labo abafisayo bangakhuphukela enqabeni yensimbi babheke indawo evulekile yePaki Yezimangaliso.
Ukuncika eMbhoshongweni wasePisa ngokuningiliziwe
Kulabo abangazi ukuthi umbhoshongo oncikile ukuphi, kufanelekile ukuya edolobheni lasePisa. Izixhumanisi zokuheha: 43 ° 43'22 ″ s. sh. 10 ° 23'47 ″ phakathi. e. Umbhoshongo wensimbi uyingxenye yePisa Cathedral, etholakala e-Square of Miracles. Ukuhlanganiswa kwakhe kufaka:
- ISonto LaseSanta Maria;
- i-campanile egobile;
- indawo yokubhapathiza;
- Amathuna aseSanta Campo.
Ukuphakama ngamamitha kwehluka ezinhlangothini ezahlukahlukene ngenxa yomthambeka: enkulu iba ngu-56.7 m, encane ibe ngu-55.86 m Ububanzi besisekelo ngamamitha ayi-15.5. I-belfry inesisindo esingaphezu kwamathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-14. I-engeli yokuthambekela emazingeni namuhla ifinyelela ku-3 ° 54 '.
Umlando wokwakha nokusindiswa kwawo
Umlando wokwakhiwa kombhoshongo wensimbi welule amakhulu eminyaka, njengoba kwakudingeka ukubheka izixazululo ukuze isakhiwo singalahlekelwa ukuzinza. Iphrojekthi yombhoshongo wensimbi yesikhathi esizayo yadalwa nguBozanno Pisano, owaqala ukwakhiwa ngo-1172. Ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwesitezi sokuqala nezingqimba ezimbili zamakholomu ezitezi ezilandelayo, isakhiwo saqala ukuwela ohlangothini olulodwa. Njengoba kwenzeka, inhlabathi engaphansi kwesisekelo ohlangothini lwaseningizimu-mpumalanga yayinobumba, yingakho yakhukhuleka ngaphansi kwethonya lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Umsebenzi wokwakhiwa kombhoshongo wamiswa, futhi inkosi yashiya iphrojekthi ingaqediwe.
Kamuva, inhlabathi esisekelweni yaqiniswa kancane, kwathi ngo-1198 lesi sakhiwo savulelwa izivakashi. Umsebenzi wokwakhiwa kombhoshongo wensimbi waqala kabusha ngo-1233; ngemuva kweminyaka engama-30, kwalethwa imabula yomkhonto ongaphambili. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-13, kwakusivele kwakhiwe izitezi eziyisithupha zeLeaning Tower of Pisa, ngenxa yalokho isakhiwo esigobile saqala ukugqama kakhulu ngemuva kwesizinda samanye amabhilidi, futhi ishifti besivele siyi-90 cm ukusuka ku-eksisi. Eyakhiwe ngokugcwele ngekhulu lama-50 lekhulu le-14, khona-ke kwavela isitezi sesishiyagalombili nge-belfry. Yize kuneminyaka emingaki umbhoshongo usakhiwa, unyaka osemthethweni wokwakhiwa kwawo awaziwa ngokunembile. Abanye bathi lokhu kungu-1350, abanye bakhuluma ngo-1372.
Abantu abaningi babuze ukuthi kungani lo mbhoshongo utshekiswa, futhi baze basho nokuthi bewuhloselwe ekuqaleni. Kodwa amaqiniso afakazela okuphambene nalokho, ngoba ngesikhathi sokuklanywa kwesakhiwo, izinkomba zenhlabathi azizange zinakwe. Isisekelo sabekwa siphezulu kakhulu, ekujuleni kwamamitha ama-3, okusenhlabathini ethambile kugcwele ukubhujiswa. Umbhoshongo wensimbi awuwa phansi kuphela kusukela ekutheni kuze kube namuhla umsebenzi uyaqhubeka wokuqinisa isisekelo.
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, izakhamizi zedolobha zazibuza ukuthi ngabe uphawu oluyingqophamlando luzowela nini ngemuva kokuthi ingxenye yomhlaba ezansi isuswe nje ngezizathu zobuhle. Isakhiwo saqala ukuqengqeleka kaningi siqina, futhi kwabaningi kwahlala kuyindida ukuthi bakwaze kanjani ukusigcina.
Umsebenzi osebenzayo wokuqinisa isisekelo waqala ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 futhi usaqhubeka kuze kube namuhla. Okokuqala, isisekelo saqiniswa, sayenza yangangeni manzi ngosimende owuketshezi, kwathi kamuva, kwafakwa izinsimbi zomthofu emishayweni kakhonkolo ohlangothini olusenyakatho, okwakufanele kuqinise isakhiwo. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wenziwa ngomhlabathi: wahlanzwa ngokoqobo kancane kancane, futhi isakhiwo se-screw drill safakwa ngaphansi kwesakhiwo. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-Leaning Tower of Pisa yaba yindlela ebukeka ngayo namhlanje, i-angle yayo yokuthambekela yehle cishe nge-degree eyodwa nengxenye.
Isakhiwo esingaphakathi nokwakhiwa kombhoshongo wensimbi
Umuntu kufanele abheke nje ukuthi umbhoshongo ubukeka kanjani ngaphandle, futhi ngokushesha ngifuna ukuwuhlukanisa njengenye yezimangaliso eziyi-7 zomhlaba. Yenziwe ngemabula, kepha imengamo evulekile yesitayela samaGothic yenza isakhiwo esinezitezi eziyisishiyagalombili sibe nomoya kangangokuthi asikho isithombe esingadlulisa ubuhle baso bangempela. Isitezi sokuqala seLeaning Tower of Pisa siyisithulu, sihlotshiswe ngamakhothamo anama-semi-columns ayi-15. Ngenhla komnyango kunesithombe esenziwe ngekhulu le-15 likaMary and Child.
Izitezi eziyisithupha ezifanayo zijabulisa ngobuciko bazo. Isitezi ngasinye sinezinsika ezingama-30 eziphenduka zibe yimengamo evulekile, engenalutho ngokubukeka, okwenza umbono jikelele ube nokukhanya okwengeziwe. I-belfry enhle ihlotshiswe ngemidwebo yezilwane eziyimfihlakalo. Kulabo abanentshisekelo yokuthi zingaki izinsimbi ezifakiwe ngaphakathi, kufanelekile ukusho ukuthi zikhona eziyisikhombisa zazo, kanti enkulu kunazo zonke ibizwa nge-L'Assunta (Assumption).
I-campanile ayithandeki kangako ngaphakathi kunangaphandle. Izindonga zayo zihlotshiswe ngezithombe ezisekelweni. Ukhuphuka phansi, ungavakashela imipheme yombhoshongo, ngayinye efihla izimfihlo zayo. Isikebhe sezitebhisi esiholela embhoshongweni wensimbi siyavunguza; Izinyathelo ezingama-294 ziholela phezulu, ubukhulu bazo buyancipha ngesitezi ngasinye. Ukubuka ngaphakathi kuyamangaza, kubonakala sengathi yonke imininingwane isetshenzisiwe kanzima.
Ukuncika eMbhoshongweni wasePisa
Kunendaba ethokozisayo echaza ukuthi kungani umbhoshongo utshekile. Ngokusho kwakhe, lesi sakhiwo sakhiwe yinkosi uPisano, enhle futhi enhle, savuka saqonda ngqo, futhi akukho lutho olungaphazamisa ukubukeka kwaso. Lapho eseqedile umsebenzi, lo mdwebi wabhekela abefundisi ukuba bamkhokhele, kodwa bamenqaba. Inkosi yaphatheka kabi, yajika yagcina iphonsa ohlangothini lombhoshongo: "Ngilandele!" Lapho nje esho lokhu, indalo yakhe, njengokungathi iyalalela, yaguqa yalandela umdali.
Enye inganekwane ihlotshaniswa nemisebenzi kaGalileo Galilei. Eminye imithombo ibalula ukuthi usosayensi omkhulu wehlise imizimba yabantu abaningi e-tower tower ukuze afakazele othisha base-University of Pisa umthetho wokuheha wonke umuntu.
Sincoma ukufunda nge-Syuyumbike Tower.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-biography kaGalileo iphinda ikhombise ukuthi umnikelo wakhe ku-physics, ohlotshaniswa nokukhishwa kwe-pendulum, uphinde uhlotshaniswe nokuhlolwa okwenziwe eLeaning Tower of Pisa. Kuze kube manje, le mininingwane idala impikiswano emibuthanweni yesayensi, ngoba abanye bathi lokhu kuyindaba eqanjiwe, abanye babhekisa kulwazi lohlobo oluthile lomuntu.
Kuyamangaza ngombhoshongo oncikile
Kuyaziwa ngomlando ukuthi ukwakhiwa kwe-campanile akuhlali kahle, yingakho kuncike kakhulu eningizimu minyaka yonke. Kepha, naphezu kwalokhu, umbhoshongo odumile wensimbi awukaze uhlupheke ngokuzamazama komhlaba, osekuvele kwenzeka kaningi eTuscany.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo abuye athinte iHholo Lezinhlanzi, odongeni lwawo kunesisekelo sokudalwa kwesidalwa esiwuphawu lobuKristu. Akunophahla kuleli gumbi, futhi izivakashi, uma zibheka phezulu, zingabona isibhakabhaka njengokungathi ngesibonakude esikhulu.
Isebenziseka kahle kubavakashi
Ngaphandle kokuthi i-Eiffel Tower yakhiwa ngo-1889, isasasa leLeaning Tower of Pisa liyaqhubeka kuze kube namuhla. Izivakashi zisazibuza ukuthi kungani kwakhiwa i-bell tower, ikuliphi izwe, ukuthi ingabe iyoke iwele nokuthi kungani itshekekile. AmaKatolika ayefuna ukwakha insimbi eyisimangaliso, engenakuqhathaniswa nanoma iyiphi enye inkolo yamaSulumane, futhi akwazi ukwenza isimangaliso sangempela esidweba umlando waso ezithombeni zabavakashi nsuku zonke.
Ikheli le-Bell tower: Piazza dei Miracoli, Pisa. Ukufika esikweleni akunzima, kepha kufanelekile ukuhlola amahora wokuvula ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ahlukile ngokuya ngesizini, kepha ngenyanga, ngakho-ke lapho uhlela iholide kufanelekile ukubheka isheduli yomsebenzi. Uma ususePaki Yezimangaliso, awudingi ukubheka ukuthi umi kuphi uMbhoshongo Oncike ePisa, ngoba ugqame ekubukeni okujwayelekile ngenxa yokuthambekela kwawo.
Ngesikhathi sohambo, nakanjani bazonikeza incazelo emfushane ngomlando webell tower, basho ukuthi ibelfry yakhiwa isikhathi esingakanani nokuthi kwaziwa ngani, kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu ukungaphuthelwa yithuba lokuya phezulu. Phezulu kuphela lapho ungancoma indawo ezungezile futhi uzizwe kuwe ukuthi umbhoshongo umi kanjani nokuthi yini eyenza uhluke.
