IMilan Cathedral imele ukuziqhenya kwangempela kwawo wonke amaNtaliyane, kepha ubuhle bayo abutholakali kangako esikalini sobubanzi bayo, kodwa emininingwaneni emincane kakhulu. Yilawa ma-nuances angumhlobiso wangempela wesakhiwo, owenziwe ngesitayela seGothic. Umuntu kufanele abheke kuphela ubuso obuningi, izinhloso zebhayibheli, izingoma ezibunjiweyo, bese uqala ukuqonda ukujula kokucaciswa kolayini ngamunye, kanye nezizathu zokwakhiwa nokuhlobisa okude kangaka.
Amanye amagama eMilan Cathedral
I-Basilica iyindawo ethandwa kakhulu edolobheni, ngakho igama lamanje livela kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokuvakasha. Empeleni, iwuphawu lweMilan, yingakho yaqanjwa igama elithi Duomo di Milano. Izakhamuzi zase-Italy zithanda ukubiza indawo yazo engcwele ngokuthi iDuomo, ehumusha ngokuthi "isonto lombhishobhi".
Isonto libuye libe negama elisemthethweni lokuhlonipha iNdlovukazi uMariya, umphathi wedolobha. Kuzwakala njengoSanta Maria Nachente. Ophahleni lwesonto lombhishobhi kunesithombe sikaSanta Madonna, esingabonakala ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zaseMilan.
Izici ezijwayelekile zesonto
Itshe lesikhumbuzo lakhiwe maphakathi nengxenye yeMilan. Isikwele esiphambi kweMilan Cathedral sibizwa ngokuthi yiCathedral, lapha kuvela umbono omuhle wesakhiwo esinemibhoshongo eminingi. Yize inhlanganisela yezitayela, iGothic inamandla, kanti lonke isonto lombhishobhi lenziwe ngemabula emhlophe, cishe engatholakali kwezinye izakhiwo ezifanayo eYurophu.
Isonto elikhulu lakhiwa ngaphezu kweminyaka engu-570, kepha manje selingathatha abantu ababalelwa ku-40,000. Isonto lombhishobhi lingamamitha ayi-158 ubude nobubanzi obungamamitha angama-92. Isiphetho esiphakeme kakhulu sikhuphukela esibhakabhakeni ebangeni lamamitha ayi-106. Futhi, yize ubukhulu bezingubo ezingaphambili buhlaba umxhwele, kuyathakazelisa kakhulu ukuthi zingaki izithombe ezakhiwe ukuhlobisa zona. Isibalo sezithombe sicishe sibe ngamayunithi angama-3400, futhi kunomhlobiso omningi we-stucco.
Izimpawu zomlando zeDuomo
Umlando wethule amathempeli ambalwa asendulo, njengoba iningi lawo labhujiswa emakhulwini eminyaka alandelayo. IMilan Cathedral ingomunye wabamele lelo khulu leminyaka, yize kunzima ukusho kusukela ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo. Isonto libhekwa njengesakhiwo sangempela sesikhathi eside, ngoba isisekelo salo saqala ukubekwa emuva ngo-1386.
Ngaphambi kwesigaba sokuqala sokwakha, ezinye izindawo ezingcwele zazimi esizeni sesonto elizayo, zishintshana njengoba indawo yanqotshwa ngabantu abehlukene. Phakathi kwabandulelayo bayaziwa:
- ithempeli lamaCelt;
- Ithempeli lamaRoma likankulunkulukazi uMinerva;
- ISonto laseSanta Takla;
- Isonto laseSanta Maria Maggiore.
Ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaDuke Gian Galeazzo Visconti, kwathathwa isinqumo sokwakha indalo entsha ngesitayela seGothic, ngoba kwakungekho okufana nalokhu kule ngxenye yeYurophu. Umakhi wokuqala kwakunguSimone de Orsenigo, kepha kwakunzima ukumelana nomsebenzi ayewunikiwe. Izikhathi eziningana abadali bephrojekthi bashintsha ngokulandelana: amaJalimane aqokwa, kwase kuba amaFrance, bese ebuyela kumaNtaliyane. Ngo-1417 i-altare elikhulu lase lilungile, elalingcweliswa ngisho nangaphambi kokuba kwakhiwe isakhiwo esiphelele sethempeli.
Ngo-1470 uJuniforte Sopari wanikezwa isikhundla esibalulekile sokwakhiwa kwethempeli elikhulu. Ukuletha okuhlukile esakhiweni, umakhi wezakhiwo wayevame ukuphendukela kuDonato Bramante noLeonardo da Vinci ukuthola izeluleko. Ngenxa yalokho, kwanqunywa ukunciphisa i-Gothic eqinile ngezinto ze-Renaissance ezazisemfashini ngaleso sikhathi. Eminyakeni eyikhulu kuphela kamuva, ngo-1572, kwavulwa i-Milan Cathedral, yize yayingakahlotshisiwe ngokuphelele. Kusukela ekuchazweni kwemicimbi yomlando kuyaziwa ukuthi ngo-1769 kwafakwa umoya ophakeme kunayo yonke, futhi kwavela umfanekiso oqoshiwe weMadonna onobude obungu-4 m.
Ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaNapoleon, uCarlo Amati noJuseppe Zanoya baqokwa njengabadwebi bamapulani, abasebenza ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo esingaphambili esibheke eCathedral Square. Izingcweti ezintsha zilandela umqondo ojwayelekile womsebenzi omkhulu, okuholele ekutheni kube nemibhoshongo yemabula engaphezu kwekhulu. Lezi "zinaliti" zazifana nehlathi lamatshe elixakile, elifana kakhulu neGothic evuthayo. Imisebenzi yabo yaba isigaba sokugcina ekudalweni kwethempeli elikhulu. Kuliqiniso, eminye yemihlobiso yethulwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Abantu abaningi bayazibuza ukuthi kuthathe iminyaka emingaki ukwakha i-Milan Cathedral, kucatshangelwa wonke umsebenzi wokuhlobisa, ngoba imininingwane eminingi iqinisekisa ukusebenza kanzima kwale nqubo. Isamba seminyaka besingu-579. Zimbalwa izakhiwo ezingaziqhayisa ngale ndlela ebucayi neyesikhathi eside yokwakha isiqeshana sobuciko esiyingqayizivele.
Ukwakhiwa kwethempeli elikhulu elidumile
UDuomo uyakwazi ukumangaza zonke izivakashi ngokusebenza kwazo okungajwayelekile. Ungachitha amahora ubheka olungaphambili lwayo olungaphezulu ngezinkulungwane zezithombe ezibunjiwe nokwakhiwa okuphelele okuvela eBhayibhelini, okwenziwe ngobuciko obukhulu kangangokuba iqhawe ngalinye libukeka ligcwele impilo. Kunzima kakhulu ukutadisha yonke imihlobiso yesonto lombhishobhi, ngoba eziningi zazo zitholakala phezulu, kepha izithombe zizosiza ukubona kangcono ukwakheka kwangaphandle. Kolunye lwezindonga, kunikezwa indawo yamagama ababhishobhi abakhulu basedolobheni, uhlu lwalo olugcinwe isikhathi eside kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kusekhona indawo yamarekhodi amasha abamele isonto elizayo.
Izimanga eziningi zifihlwe ngaphakathi kweMilan Cathedral. Okokuqala, kunokuheha okungavamile lapha - isipikili uJesu abethelwa ngaso. Ngesikhathi senkonzo yokuhlonipha ukuphakanyiswa kweSiphambano Esingcwele seNkosi, ifu elinesipikili lehlela phezu kwe-altare ukunika umcimbi umcimbi wokufanekisa.
Sikukwazisa ukuthi ufunde ngeCologne Cathedral.
Okwesibili, ithempeli lisebenzisa ubhavu wokugeza waseGibhithe osukela ekhulwini lesi-4 njengofonti. Okunye okubaluleke kakhulu yisithombe sikaSt.Bartholomew kanye ne-mausoleum kaGian Giacomo Medici.
Okwesithathu, umhlobiso wangaphakathi ucebile futhi umuhle kangangokuba akunakwenzeka ukuthi ungawunaki. Amakholomu amakhulu aya phezulu, ukudweba kanye ne-stucco kukuyo yonke indawo. Ubuhle obuyinhloko bulele emafasiteleni, lapho amafasitela anengilazi enziwe khona ngekhulu le-15. Izithombe azikwazi ukudlulisa umdlalo wombala njengoba ubonakala ebusweni bomuntu ngaphakathi kwethempeli.
Idizayini yesonto lombhishobhi injalo ukuthi ungahamba ophahleni ubabaze isikhungo esinomlando. Othile ubheka umhlobiso ngezithombe, umuntu ubabaza ubuqili basedolobheni, futhi othile wenza izithombe ezahlukahlukene ezizungezwe imicu yemabula yefiligree.
Imininingwane ethakazelisayo ngethempeli laseMilan
EMilan, kunesinqumo esikhethekile esivimbela izakhiwo ukuthi zivimbe isifanekiso seMadonna. Ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo esikhulu sasePirelli, lesi simo bekufanele singanakwa, kepha ukuze kunqandwe umthetho, kwathathwa isinqumo sokufaka umfanekiso ofanayo womgcini wedolobha ophahleni lwesakhiwo sesimanje.
Phansi ethempelini kugcwele amathayela emabula anemifanekiso yezimpawu zezinkanyezi. Kukholelwa ukuthi i-sunbeam ishaya isithombe, umphathi wayo obusa ngesikhathi esithile sonyaka. Ngokuya ngemilayezo etholakele, namuhla kukhona ukungafani okuthile nezinombolo zangempela, ezihlotshaniswa nokuncipha kwesisekelo.
Kunemali yokungena eMilan Cathedral, kanti ithikithi elinelifti licishe liphindwe kabili kunalelo. Yiqiniso, akunakwenzeka ukwenqaba umbukwane ophahleni, ngoba lapho impilo yangempela yaseMilan ivuleka ngamaNtaliyane aphithizelayo nezivakashi zedolobha. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi lokhu akuyona nje indawo yokuheha izivakashi, kodwa, ngaphezu kwakho konke, indawo yezenkolo, lapho abesifazane kufanele babe khona bethwele amahlombe namadolo, izikibha ezinesinqe nazo azivunyelwe.
