Ipaki yemvelo yaseTurkey i-Pamukkale yaziwa umhlaba wonke - izindawo zokugezela ezinamanzi ashisayo ahlotshiswe ngama-stalactites amhlophe njengeqhwa kanye nokutheleka kwe-calcite kwakha amakhasethi amahle futhi ahlukile aheha izigidi zabavakashi ngonyaka. Ngempela, igama eliphakeme elithi "Pamukkale" lihumusha ngokuthi "inqaba kakotini", ekhombisa ngokunembile okuvelayo kwale ndawo. Noma yisiphi isivakashi kuleliya lizwe singavakashela ePamukkale futhi kufanele sivakashele; le ndawo efanele isendaweni ephambili ezikhangisweni eziphezulu zaseTurkey.
Uphi uPamukkale, incazelo yendawo ezungezile
Iziphethu ezishisayo negquma eliseduze namanxiwa eHierapolis atholakala esifundazweni saseDenizli, amakhilomitha angama-20 ukusuka edolobheni elinegama elifanayo nasendaweni eseduze nomzana wasePamukkale Köyu.
Ebangeni elingu-1-2 km, izintaba zikasawoti zibukeka zingamangalisi futhi zinesizotha, kepha njengoba zisondela, ukwehluka nobuhle bazo bungephikwe. Lonke ithafa eliphakeme ligcwele amakhasethi namathala e-calcareous tuff aqinile, asethole ubushelelezi obumangalisayo emakhulwini eminyaka. Amabhati amaningi afana namagobolondo, izitsha nezimbali ngasikhathi sinye. Amathafa ePamukkale abonwa njengalehlukile futhi efanelekile ukuvikelwa yi-UNESCO.
Ubukhulu bethafa buncane - ngobude obungadluli ku-2,700 m, ubude bayo abudluli kumamitha ayi-160. Ubude besigaba esihle kunazo zonke uhhafu wamakhilomitha onomehluko wokuphakama wama-70 m, izivakashi zawo ezidlula zingenazicathulo. Iziphethu eziyi-17 ezishisayo ezinamazinga okushisa amanzi asukela ku-35-100 ° C ahlakazekile kuyo yonke indawo, kepha ukwakheka kwe-travertine kunikezwa yinye yazo kuphela - iKodzhachukur (35.6 ° C, ngesilinganiso sokugeleza okungama-466 l / s). Ukuze kulondolozwe umbala wamasimu nokwakhiwa kwamabhavu amasha, umsele wawo ulawulwa, ukufinyelela kwabavakashi ezingxenyeni ezingakabi lukhuni zethambeka akuvunyelwe.
Unyawo lwentaba luhlotshiswe ngepaki kanye nechibi elincane eligcwele amanzi asentwasahlobo namaminerali, mancane amahle, kepha avulekele ukugeza ama-travertines ahlakazekile emaphethelweni edolobhana. Ngefomu elicwengekile, zitholakala emahhotela nasezikhungweni ze spa.
Okuheha izivakashi kakhulu ichibi laseCleopatra - isiphethu saseRoma esishisayo esibuyiselwe ngemuva kokuzamazama komhlaba ngamanzi okuphulukisa. Ukucwiliswa echibini kushiya okuhlangenwe nakho okungenakulibaleka: zombili ngenxa yethimba elikhethekile (izingcezu ze-agora kanye nemigwaqo yasala ezansi entwasahlobo, indawo yamanzi izungezwe izitshalo nezimbali ezishisayo), futhi ngenxa yamanzi uqobo lwawo, agcwele amabhamuza.
Ezinye izinto ezikhangayo ePamukkale
Ezindaweni eziseduze ze-travertines kukhona amanxiwa wedolobha lasendulo lase-Hierapolis, akha nawo indawo eyodwa yokuphepha (i-Hierapolis) enethikithi lokungena jikelele. Kusuka kuleli phuzu lapho ukuvakasha okuningi okukhokhelwayo kuqala, noma kukhona okuhlukile. Lokhu kungenxa yenani elikhulu lezinto ezithakazelisayo eziheha abathandi bomlando nokwakhiwa kabusha. Noma njengengxenye yohambo losuku olulodwa, kunconywa ukuthola isikhathi namandla okuvakashela:
- I-necropolis enkulu kunazo zonke e-Asia Minor kusukela ezikhathini zamaGreki, iRoma kanye nobuKristu bokuqala. Endaweni yayo kunamathuna ahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi "Amathuna Eqhawe", akhiwe ngesimo sendlu.
- Isakhiwo esikhulu seHierapolis yindawo yokudlala enabantu abangu-15,000, engakwesokudla kwegquma laseByzantine.
- I-Basilica kanye nethuna loMphostoli uPhilip, owabulawa amaRoma eminyakeni engaba ngu-2000 eyedlule. Le ndawo inencazelo engcwele kubalandeli benkolo yobuKristu, ukutholakala kwethempeli-ithuna kuvunyelwe ukuhlanganisa imininingwane eminingi engafani futhi kwaqinisekisa ezinye zezambulo zabanye abangcwele.
- Ithempeli lika-Apollo, elinikezelwe kunkulunkulu welanga.
- I-Plutonium - isakhiwo sehlelo, ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwamaGreki asendulo aqala ukuhlobanisa iHierapolis nomnyango wombuso wabafileyo. Imivubukulo yanamuhla ifakazele ukubekwa ngamabomu kwamakhefu e-crustal ngenhloso yokwesabisa amakholwa, ngoba amagesi akhuphukayo awabulalanga izinyoni kuphela, kodwa nezilwane ezinkulu ngaphandle kokuthinta ummese.
- I-Archaeological Museum, etholakala endaweni yamabhavu aseRoma amboziwe futhi iqoqe izinsiza ezihle kakhulu nezigcinwe kahle, izithombe ezibaziweyo kanye ne-sarcophagi.
Umsebenzi wokubuyiselwa kule nxanxathela wenziwa ngenkuthalo kusukela ngo-1973, waqinisekisa kaninginingi isimo se-Hierapolis njengendawo ehloniphekile necebile yokubala. Kepha ukubukwa kwendawo akugcini epaki elilodwa; uma unesikhathi samahhala, kufanelekile ukuvakashela amanxiwa wedolobha lasendulo laseLaodikia, umhume waseKaklik kanye neRed Springs yeKaraikhit geothermal resort. Kusuka edolobhaneni lasePamukkale Koyu bahlukaniswe ngamakhilomitha ayi-10-30, ungafika ngokushesha kunoma iyiphi into ngemoto.
Izici zokuvakasha
Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokwazi iPamukkale sithathwa njengesivaliwe, ehlobo emini kuyashisa ngaphezu kwamachibi, ebusika ukuhamba kunzima ngenxa yesidingo sokukhumula izicathulo. Abavakashi abanolwazi bayelulekwa ukuba balethe ojosaka noma izikhwama zamahlombe (izicathulo zizodingeka lapho kubhekwa amanxiwa asendulo avela kolunye uhlangothi), amanzi amaningi, ukuvikelwa yilanga, izigqoko nezigqoko ezifanayo. Ama-lira namakhadi esikweletu kuphela amukelwa ukukhokhwa emnyango, ukushintshaniswa kwemali kufanele kunakekelwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Ngokusemthethweni, ipaki livulwa kusukela ngehora lesi-8 kuya kwele-20, akekho okhipha izivakashi ezinezicathulo futhi ezihamba phakathi kwendlela lapho kushona ilanga, lesi sikhathi sithathwa njengesikhathi esihle kakhulu sokuthola izithombe ezinhle kakhulu. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi azikho izindawo zokushaja kabusha insimu yepaki; ama-tripods nama-monopods kuma-travertines awasetshenziswa.
Ungafika kanjani lapho, amanani
Intengo elinganiselwayo yohambo ngo-2019 ingu- $ 50-80 ngohambo losuku olulodwa kanye no- $ 80-120 ngohambo lwezinsuku ezimbili. Ukujabulela ngokugcwele ubuhle bemithombo nezindawo ezizungezile, kufanele ukhethe inketho yesibili. Kepha lolu hambo alunakubizwa ngokuthi lula, esimweni esihle kakhulu izivakashi kuzodingeka zihambe okungenani ama-400 km, imindeni enezingane ezincane kanye nabantu abadala kufanele ihlolisise amandla abo.
Izimo ezikahle ziyabonakala lapho amabhasi esuka eMarmaris (ngakho-ke esuka ezindaweni zokungcebeleka eziseduze zaseBodrum naseFethiye) noma e-Antalya, uhambo lwendlela eyodwa aluthathi ngaphezu kwamahora ayi-3-4. ... Uhambo losuku olulodwa olusuka e-Alanya nasezindaweni zokungcebeleka ezifanayo zaseMedithera eTurkey ziqala ngo-4-5 ekuseni luphele ebusuku.
Yingakho abahambi abaningi abanolwazi bancoma ukuya ePammukkale ngemoto noma ibhasi eliqashiwe. Azikho izinkinga ngokuthenga amathikithi noma ukubhuka amahhotela esizeni.
Sikukwazisa ukuthi ubheke edolobheni lase-Efesu.
Izindleko zethikithi elilodwa elikhokhelwe lokufinyelela eHierapolis kanye ne-travertines zingama-lira angama-25 kuphela, enye i-lira engama-32 ikhokhwa lapho kuhlelwa ukubhukuda echibini laseCleopatra. Izaphulelo ziyatholakala ezinganeni ezisukela eminyakeni eyisithupha kuya kwengu-12 ubudala, ezincane kakhulu zidlula ehhovisi lamathikithi mahhala.
Amakhasimende ahehayo, ama-ejensi ezokuvakasha endawo abiza amanani ahluke ngokuphelele ezindaweni zokungcebeleka olwandle, kepha empeleni ngisho nendiza yangaphakathi esuka e-Istanbul kuzo zombili izinkomba (180 lira) ishibhile kunokuthenga uhambo lokubuka indawo "olunenzuzo". Kepha kufanele unake uhambo oluhleleke kahle lwezinsuku ezimbili olunikezwa ngabasebenza ngokuvakasha abakhulu.
