Lapho ufaka uhlu lwezinto zomlando zaseSiberia, iTobolsk Kremlin ihlale ikhulunywa kuqala. Lesi ukuphela kwesakhiwo salesi sikali esisindile kusukela ngekhulu le-17, futhi ukuphela kweKremlin eyakhiwe ngamatshe ezifundeni zaseSiberia ezicebile ngokhuni. Namuhla, i-Kremlin ivulelekile emphakathini njengemyuziyamu, lapho amakholwa, izakhamizi ezijwayelekile zedolobha nezivakashi zesifunda befika nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Ngaphandle komnyuziyamu, kunesikole semfundo ephakeme kanye nokuhlala kwedolobha elikhulu laseTobolsk.
Umlando wokwakhiwa kweTobolsk Kremlin
Idolobha laseTobolsk, elavela ngo-1567, ngesikhathi likhona laba yinhloko-dolobha yaseSiberia nesikhungo sesifundazwe iTobolsk, esikhulu kunazo zonke eRussia. Futhi iTobolsk yaqala ngenqaba encane yamapulangwe, eyakhiwe eTroitsky Cape, osebeni lwamawa e-Irtysh.
Ekuqaleni, impahla yayo kwakungamabhodi wemikhumbi yokugwedla lapho i-Yermak's Cossacks yahamba khona. Ngemuva kwekhulu leminyaka, ukuqhuma kokwakhiwa kweSiberia ngokusetshenziswa kwetshe kwaqala. Abakhi bamatshe uSharypin noTyutin nabafundi babo, ababevela eMoscow, ngo-1686 bakha iSophia-Assumption Cathedral endaweni yasejele elidala, kancane kancane iBishops 'House, iTrinity Cathedral, insimbi yensimbi, iSonto laseSt. Igumbi ngokusho kwephrojekthi yomdwebi wamabalazwe uRemezov).
Ezinye zazo sezivele zibhujisiwe futhi zahlala ezinkumbulweni nasemidwebo kuphela. Izwe lonke laseKremlin lalizungezwe udonga olunwetshiwe (ukuphakama kwamamitha amane no-620 m - ubude), lubekwe ngamatshe, ingxenye yalo eyayisondela ngobungozi emaphethelweni eTroitsky Cape.
Ngaphansi kukaPrince Gagarin, umbusi wokuqala wesifundazwe saseSiberia, baqala ukwakha iDmitrievsky isango lokunqoba ngombhoshongo nesonto. Kepha ngemuva kokuvinjelwa kokwakhiwa kwamatshe nokuboshwa kwenkosana ngo-1718, umbhoshongo wahlala ungapheli, waqala ukusetshenziswa njengendawo yokugcina izimpahla futhi wabizwa ngeRenterey.
Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-18, umakhi uGuchev wenza izinguquko ekwakhiweni kwedolobha, ngokusho ukuthi iTobolsk Kremlin kwakufanele ibe yisikhungo esivulekele umphakathi. Ngenxa yalokhu, baqala ukubhidliza izindonga nemibhoshongo yenqaba, bakha insimbi enezitezi eziningi - lokhu kwaba ukuphela kwezinhlelo. Ikhulu leminyaka elisha laletha izitayela ezintsha: ngekhulu le-19, kwavela ijele lababoshiwe ngaphakathi kweqembu lezakhiwo laseKremlin.
Izindawo zaseKremlin
ISophia Cathedral Yokwenyuka - isonto lama-Orthodox elisebenza eTobolsk Kremlin kanye nokuheha kwalo okuyinhloko. Kukulesi sonto elikhulu lapho wonke umuntu eqala ukuchaza iKremlin. Eyakhelwe ngama-1680s kwimodeli ye-Ascension Cathedral eMoscow. Ngokuhambisana ngokuphelele nomqondo, i-cathedral isalokhu iyinhliziyo nomphefumulo wayo yonke i-Kremlin Ensemble. Ngezikhathi zamaSoviet, ithempeli lalisetshenziswa njengendawo yokugcina impahla, kepha ngo-1961 lafakwa eTobolsk Museum-Reserve. Ngo-1989, iSt. Sophia Cathedral ebuyiselwe yabuyiselwa eSontweni.
Isonto LasePokrovsky - ithempeli eliyinhloko labafundi besikole semfundiso yenkolo. Ngo-1746 lakhiwa njengesonto elisizayo leSt. Sophia Cathedral. ISonto Lokungenelela lalifudumele, ngakho-ke izinkonzo zazibanjelwa kulo kunoma yisiphi isimo sezulu, ikakhulukazi ezinyangeni ezibandayo, ngoba kwakubanda ethempelini elikhulu hhayi ebusika kuphela, kodwa iningi lonyaka.
Indawo yokuhlala - indlu yezihambi enezitolo, eyakhiwe ngo-1708 yabahwebi nabahambeli. Bekukhona nezamasiko, izinqolobane zezimpahla nendlu yesonto. Egcekeni lehhotela, okwakukhona ngesikhathi esifanayo isikhungo esikhulu sokushintshanisa, ukuthengiselana kwenziwa phakathi kwabathengisi, kwenziwa ukushintshaniswa kwezimpahla. Isitezi sesibili sehhotela elilungisiwe lingahlala abantu abangafika kwabangu-22 namuhla, kanti esitezi sokuqala, njengakumakhulu eminyaka adlule, kunezitolo zezikhumbuzo.
Isakhiwo esinezitezi ezimbili esinemibhoshongo esekhoneni sihlanganisa izinto zokwakha zaseRussia nezaseMpumalanga. Amakamelo nemigwaqo yesakhiwo ifakwe isitayela sesitayela sasendulo, kepha ukuze kube lula izivakashi, amakamelo okugeza anezindlu zangasese akhelwe egumbini ngalinye. E-Gostiny Dvor, ngemuva kokubuyiselwa ngonyaka ka-2008, hhayi kuphela amakamelo amahhotela, kodwa futhi nemihlangano yokufundisana yezingcweti zaseSiberia, kanye nomnyuziyamu wezohwebo eSiberia uthole indawo yawo.
Isigodlo sombusi - isakhiwo samahhovisi esinezitezi ezintathu esakhiwe ngamatshe ngo-1782 esizeni se-Prikaznaya Chamber endala. Ngo-1788 isigodlo sasha, sabuyiselwa kuphela ngo-1831. Lesi sakhiwo esisha sasinehhovisi lomshushisi, umgcinimafa, kanye negumbi lomgcinimafa kanye nomkhandlu wesifundazwe. Ku-2009, Isigodlo Sombusi savulwa njengemyuziyamu yomlando waseSiberia.
I-vzvoz eqondile - isitebhisi esivela ezansi kweTroitsky Cape siye eTobolsk Kremlin. Kusukela ngama-1670s, kwafakwa isitebhisi sokhuni ekuphakameni ubude obungamamitha angama-400, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi saqala ukumbozwa ngezitebhisi zamatshe, futhi ingxenye ephezulu kwakudingeka iqiniswe ukuvimbela ukubhujiswa. Namuhla izitebhisi ezinezitebhisi ezingama-198 zizungezwe ujantshi wokhuni, nasensimini yeKremlin - kugcina izindonga.
Ubukhulu bezindonga zezitini bucishe bube yi-3 m, ukuphakama kuze kufike ku-13 m, ubude bube ngamamitha ayi-180. Ngaphezu kokuvimbela ukudilika komhlaba, i-vzvoz isebenza njengendawo yokubuka. Ukuya phezulu, ukubuka iKremlin ebabazekayo kuvula, futhi lapho yehla, kubonakala i-panorama yedolobha iLower Posad.
Ukuqashwa - manje indawo yokugcina imnyuziyamu, lapho imibukiso ikhonjiswa kuphela ngokuqokwa. Isakhiwo sokugcina sakhiwa ngo-1718 njengengxenye yesango likaDmitrievsky. Umgcinimafa wenkosi wagcinwa lapha, futhi kwaqashwa intela, imali eqashiwe eqoqwe ezikhunjeni zoboya, kula magumbi avulekile avela kulo lonke elaseSiberia. Lavela kanjalo igama elithi Renterey Namuhla amaqoqo alandelayo ethulwa lapha: ukuvubukula, ubuhlanga, isayensi yemvelo.
Inqaba yasejele - ijele langaphambili lokuhamba, elakhiwa ngo-1855. Eminyakeni edlule, umlobi uKorolenko, umgxeki uChernyshevsky, wayivakashela njengeziboshwa. Namuhla lesi sakhiwo sinezindawo zokugcina umlando zasejele. Labo abafisa ukuthinta isimo samaseli asejele bahlala ubusuku ehostela "Lesiboshwa", emakamelweni ashibhile angakhululekile. Ukuze uhehe amakhasimende ku-Tobolsk Kremlin, ngezikhathi ezithile, hhayi kuphela ukuvakasha, kodwa futhi nezicelo ezihlelekile zihlelwe enqabeni.
Imininingwane ewusizo
Amahora okuvula Museum: kusuka ngo-10: 00 kuya ku-18: 00.
Ungafika kanjani eTobolsk Kremlin? Isikhumbuzo sezakhiwo sise: Tobolsk, Red Square 1. Imizila eminingi yezithuthi zomphakathi idlula ngale ndawo ebalulekile. Ungafika futhi lapho ngetekisi noma ngemoto yangasese.
Imininingwane Ethakazelisayo:
- Isithombe seTobolsk Kremlin, esithathwe nguDmitry Medvedev, sathengiswa endalini ngo-2016 ngama-ruble ayizigidi ezingama-51.
- Hhayi kuphela abantu abanecala abadingiselwa eTobolsk. Ngo-1592, insimbi yase-Uglich yafika ekudingisweni eKremlin, okwakusolwa nge-alamu le-Tsarevich Dimitri eyabulawa. UShuisky uyalele ukuthi akhiphe le nsimbi, ayinqume "ulimi nendlebe" yayo, bese eyithumela kude nenhlokodolobha. Ngaphansi kwabakwaRomanov, insimbi yabuyiselwa ezweni lakubo, futhi ikhophi yayo yalengiswa phezu kombhoshongo wensimbi waseTobolsk.
Sikukwazisa ukuthi ubheke i-Izmailovsky Kremlin.
Ukungena kwendawo yaseKremlin kukhululekile, ungathatha izithombe ngokukhululekile. Ngokuvakashela eminyuziyamu, udinga ukuthenga amathikithi okungena, kanti amanani aphansi. Kukhona izinkambo eziqondiswayo, zombili ngazinye futhi ezihlelekile, okumele ziqondiswe nabaphathi kusengaphambili.
