Eminyakeni embalwa eyedlule, i-Empire State Building yayiyisakhiwo esiphakeme kunazo zonke eNew York, futhi yize izakhiwo ezinkulu kunalezo esezivele zikhona, le ndawo ihlale iyisikhungo esibaluleke kakhulu kwezokuvakasha. Nsuku zonke, izinkulungwane zabantu zikhuphuka emphemeni wokubuka ukuze zibheke eManhattan kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. Umlando wedolobha uhlobene eduze nalesi sakhiwo, ngakho-ke wonke umuntu ohlala khona uyakwazi ukutshela imininingwane eminingi ethokozisayo mayelana nalesi sakhiwo ngumoya.
Izigaba zokwakhiwa kwe-Empire State Building
Iphrojekthi yokwakha isakhiwo esisha samahhovisi yavela ngo-1929. Umbono oyinhloko wokwakha kwakungekaWilliam Lamb, yize izinhloso ezifanayo sezivele zisetshenzisiwe ekwakheni ezinye izakhiwo. Ngokuyinhloko, eNyakatho Carolina nase-Ohio, ungathola izakhiwo empeleni ebeziyizibonelo zokwakhiwa kwezinga elikhulu leNew York.
Ebusika buka-1930, abasebenzi baqala ukulima umhlaba esizeni sesakhiwo esisezingeni eliphezulu esizayo, futhi ukwakhiwa uqobo kwaqala ngoMashi 17. Sekukonke, babalelwa ku-3.5 abantu abayizinkulungwane, ngenkathi abakhi ingxenye enkulu bekungabafuduki noma abamele abantu bomdabu.
Umsebenzi wephrojekthi wenziwa ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwedolobha, ngakho-ke ukungezwani kwesiza kuzwakala kusuka ezikhathini ezinzima. Ngasikhathi sinye ne-Empire State Building, iChrysler Building neWall Street skyscraper kwakusakhiwa, umnikazi ngamunye efuna ukuba lusizo olukhulu kulo mncintiswano.
Ngenxa yalokho, i-Empire State Building yaba yiyona ephezulu kakhulu, yagcina isimo sayo eminye iminyaka engama-39. Le mpumelelo ifinyelelwe ngenxa yomsebenzi ohlelwe kahle endaweni yokwakha. Ngokwezibalo ezimaphakathi, kwakhiwa cishe izitezi ezine masonto onke. Kwakukhona nesikhathi lapho abasebenzi bekwazi ukubeka phansi izitezi eziyishumi nane ngezinsuku eziyishumi.
Sekukonke, ukwakhiwa kwesinye sezakhiwo zamabhilidi ezidume kakhulu emhlabeni kuthathe izinsuku ezingama-410. Ilungelo lokwethula ukukhanyisa kwesikhungo esisha sehhovisi ladluliselwa kumongameli owayephethe ngaleso sikhathi, owamemezela ukuthi i-Empire State Building ivuliwe ngoMeyi 1, 1931.
Ukwakhiwa kwamabhilidi amakhulu aseMelika
Ukuphakama kwesakhiwo kanye ne-spire kungamamitha we-443.2, nobubanzi bayo ngamamitha ayi-140. Isitayela esikhulu ngokusho komqondo womdwebi kwakuyi-Art Deco, kepha i-facade inezinto zakudala ekwakhiweni. Sekukonke, i-Empire State Building inezitezi eziyi-103, kanti ezingu-16 eziphezulu ziyisengezo esinezitezi ezimbili zokubuka. Indawo yesakhiwo idlula amamitha skwele angama-208. Abantu abaningi bayazibuza ukuthi zingaki izitini ezisetshenzisiwe ukwakha isakhiwo esinjalo, futhi yize kungekho noyedwa obala inombolo yabo ngocezu, kuyaziwa ukuthi kwathatha amayunithi wokwakha angaba yizigidi eziyi-10.
Uphahla lwenziwa ngesimo somoya, ngokusho komqondo, bekufanele lube yindawo yokumisa imikhumbi yezindiza. Lapho bakha ibhilidi eliphakeme kunawo wonke ngaleso sikhathi, banquma ukubheka ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukusebenzisa okuphezulu ngenhloso eyayihloselwe yona, kepha ngenxa yemimoya enamandla, akuphumelelanga. Ngenxa yalokho, maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, isikhumulo sezindiza saguqulwa saba umbhoshongo wethelevishini.
Sikukwazisa ukuthi ubheke indawo ephakeme yaseBurj Khalifa.
Ngaphakathi, kufanele unake umhlobiso wefoyer eyinhloko. Ububanzi bayo bungamamitha angama-30, futhi ukuphakama kwayo kufana nezitezi ezintathu. Ama-marble slabs angeza ukuma kwegumbi, futhi izithombe ezinezimangaliso eziyisikhombisa zomhlaba ziyizinto ezihlobisayo. Isithombe sesishiyagalombili sikhombisa umdwebo we-Empire State Building uqobo, olukhonjwa ngezakhiwo ezidumile zomhlaba.
Okuthakazelisa kakhulu ukukhanya kombhoshongo, ohlale ushintsha. Kukhona isethi ekhethekile yemibala esetshenziswa ezinsukwini ezahlukene zesonto, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwamaholide kazwelonke. Yonke imicimbi ebalulekile yedolobha, izwe noma umhlaba unemibala ngemibala engokomfanekiso. Isibonelo, usuku lokufa kukaFrank Sinatra lwaluphawulwe ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngenxa yesidlaliso esithandwayo sokuhlonipha umbala wamehlo akhe, futhi ngosuku lokukhumbula usuku lokuzalwa kweNdlovukazi yaseBrithani, kwasetshenziswa umdlalo we-hersdry waseWindsor.
Imicimbi yomlando ehlotshaniswa nombhoshongo
Ngaphandle kokubaluleka kwesikhungo sehhovisi, asizange sithandwe ngokushesha. Kusukela ngesikhathi okwakhiwa ngaso i-Empire State Building, isimo sezomnotho esingazinzile sabusa e-United States, ngakho-ke izinkampani eziningi kuleli zazingenakukwazi ukungena kuzo zonke izakhiwo zamahhovisi. Lesi sakhiwo sithathwa njengesingenanzuzo cishe iminyaka eyishumi. Kuphela ngokushintsha kobunikazi ngo-1951, isikhungo sehhovisi saqala ukwenza inzuzo.
Kukhona nezinsuku zokulila emlandweni we-skyscraper, ikakhulukazi, phakathi neminyaka yempi ibhomu landizela ngaphakathi esakhiweni. Ngo-1945, ngoJulayi 28, kwaba nomonakalo omkhulu, njengoba indiza yaphahlazeka phakathi kwamaphansi angu-79 kuya kwangu-80. Ukushaywa kwangena ngaphakathi ebhodini, elinye lamakheshi lawa lisuka phezulu, kuyilapho uBetty Lou Oliver, owayekulo, wasinda waba ngomunye wabaphethe amarekhodi omhlaba ngalokhu. Bangu-14 abantu abashonile ngenxa yalesi sigameko, kodwa umsebenzi wamahhovisi awuzange ume.
Ngenxa yodumo nokuphakama kwayo okukhulu, i-Empire State Building ithandwa kakhulu yilabo abafuna ukuqeda izimpilo zabo. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi ukwakhiwa kwamapulatifomu wokubuka kwaqiniswa ngokwengeziwe ngocingo. Sekuze kwaba nokuzibulala okungaphezu kwamashumi amathathu selokhu kwavulwa umbhoshongo. Kuyiqiniso, kwesinye isikhathi amashwa angavikeleka, futhi kwesinye isikhathi icala linquma ukwenza okuncane. Lokhu kwenzeke ku-Elvita Adams, oweqe esuka esitezi sama-86, kodwa ngenxa yomoya onamandla waphonswa esitezi sama-85, wehla ngokuqhekeka kuphela.
Umbhoshongo kwezamasiko nakwezemidlalo
Izakhamizi zase-United States of America zithanda i-Empire State Building, yingakho iziqephu ezisezingeni eliphezulu zivame ukuvela kumafilimu asebhokisini. Isigcawu esidume kakhulu emphakathini womhlaba yiKing Kong, ilenga emoyeni futhi iphakamisela kude nezindiza ezizulazula nxazonke. Amanye amafilimu angatholakala kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni, lapho kunohlu lwamafilimu anokubukwa okungenakulibaleka kweNew York Tower.
Lesi sakhiwo siyipulatifomu yemincintiswano engajwayelekile lapho wonke umuntu evunyelwe ukubamba iqhaza. Kuyadingeka ukunqoba okwesikhashana zonke izinyathelo eziya esitezi sama-86. Umnqobi ophumelele kakhulu uqedele lo msebenzi ngemizuzu eyi-9 imizuzwana engama-33, futhi ngenxa yalokhu bekufanele akhuphuke izinyathelo eziyi-1576. Baphinde futhi bahlole izicishamlilo namaphoyisa, kepha bafeza imibandela ngegiya eligcwele.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngegama le skyscraper
Abaningi abazi ukuthi kungani lo mbhoshongo wathola igama elingavamile, elinezimpande "zombuso". Eqinisweni, isizathu silele ekusetshenzisweni kwale epithet maqondana nezwe laseNew York. Eqinisweni, igama lisho ukuthi "Ukwakhiwa kombuso wasebukhosini", okuhunyushiwe kuzwakala kujwayelekile kubahlali bakule ndawo.
Ukudlala okuthokozisayo kwamagama avele ngesikhathi Sokwehla Okukhulu Kwezomnotho. Bese kuthi esikhundleni se-Empire kusetshenziswe igama elithi Empty, ebelizwakala kakhulu, kepha lisho ukuthi ibhilidi belingenalutho. Ngaleyo minyaka, indawo yamahhovisi yayinzima kakhulu ukuqashisa, ngakho-ke abanikazi besikweleti balahlekelwa kakhulu.
Imininingwane ewusizo kubavakashi
Izivakashi eziseNew York ngokuqinisekile zizocabanga ngokuthi ungafika kanjani ku-Empire State Building. Skyscraper address: Manhattan, Fifth Avenue, 350. Izivakashi kuzofanele zime kulayini omude, njengoba abantu abaningi befuna ukukhuphuka ezitezi zokubuka.
Kuvunyelwe ukubuka ukubuka kwedolobha kusuka ezitezi ezingama-86 no-102. Ama-Elevators anyuka aya kumamaki womabili, kepha inani aliguquki kakhulu. Ukuqoshwa kwevidiyo akuvunyelwe endaweni yokwamukela izivakashi, kodwa endaweni yokuqapha ungathatha izithombe ezinhle nge-panorama yaseManhattan.
Ukuheha ngohambo lwevidiyo nakho kubanjelwa esitezi sesibili, lapho ungafunda kabanzi ngamaphethelo edolobha. Uma unenhlanhla, emnyango wedeski lokubuka uzohlangana neKing Kong, ebhekwa ngokufanele njengophawu lwale ndawo.
