Anatoly Fedorovich Koni (1844-1927) - Ummeli waseRussia, ijaji, isikhulu sikahulumeni kanye nomuntu womphakathi, umbhali, okhulumela ezomthetho, ikhansela elisebenza ngokuzimela nelungu loMkhandlu Wombuso Wombuso WaseRussia. I-Honorary Academician yaseSt. Petersburg Academy of Sciences emkhakheni wezincwadi ezinhle.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography ka-Anatoly Koni, esizokhuluma ngaye kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, nayi i-biography emfushane kaKoni.
Biography Anatoly Koni
U-Anatoly Koni wazalwa ngoJanuwari 28 (Februwari 9) 1844 eSt. Wakhula futhi wakhulela emndenini womlingiswa waseshashalazini futhi umbhali wemidlalo yaseshashalazini uFyodor Alekseevich nomkakhe u-Irina Semyonovna, owayengumlingisi nomlobi. Wayenomfowabo omdala, u-Eugene.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Abaculi, ababhali kanye nabanye osiko babevame ukuhlangana endlini kaKoni. Emihlanganweni enjalo, kwakudingidwa ipolitiki, ubuciko beshashalazi, izincwadi nokunye okuningi.
Kuze kube yiminyaka engu-7, u-Anatoly wayengaphansi komnakekeli wakhe uVasilisa Nagaitseva. Ngemuva kwalokho, yena nomfowabo bathola imfundo yasekhaya.
Inhloko yomndeni yayingumuntu othanda imibono ka-Emmanuel Kant, ngenxa yalokho wayelandela imithetho ecacile yokukhulisa izingane.
Ngokwale mithetho, ingane bekufanele idlule ezigabeni ezi-4: ukuthola isiyalo, kanye namakhono abasebenzi, amakhono okuziphatha nawokuziphatha. Ngasikhathi sinye, ubaba wenza konke okusemandleni ukufundisa amadodana akhe ukucabanga ngaphandle kokulandela iningi.
Lapho eneminyaka engu-11, u-Anatoly Koni waqala ukufunda eSt. Ngemuva kokuphothula ibanga lesithathu, wathuthela e-Second St. Petersburg Gymnasium. Ngalesi sikhathi se-biography yakhe, wayekwazi ukufunda isiJalimane nesiFulentshi, futhi wahumusha neminye imisebenzi.
Ngasikhathi sinye, uKoni wayekujabulela ukuya ezinkulumweni zosolwazi abadumile, kubandakanya isazi-mlando uNikolai Kostomarov. Ngo-1861 waqhubeka nemfundo yakhe eMnyangweni Wezibalo eSt. Petersburg University.
Ngemuva konyaka, ngenxa yezidubedube zabafundi, inyuvesi yavalwa unomphela. Lokhu kwaholela eqinisweni lokuthi le nsizwa yanquma ukuya onyakeni wesi-2 woMnyango Wezomthetho eMoscow University. Lapha u-Anatoly wathola amamaki aphezulu cishe kuyo yonke imikhakha.
Umsebenzi
Ngisho nangesikhathi semfundo yakhe, uKoni wakwazi ukuzimela ngokuzimela ngakho konke akudingayo. Uthole imali ngokufundisa ngezibalo, umlando nezincwadi. Ngokufana nalokhu, wakhombisa intshisekelo enkulu kubuciko beshashalazi nasekufundeni izincwadi zomhlaba.
Ngemuva kokuthola idiploma yakhe, u-Anatoly Koni waqala ukusebenza eMnyangweni Wezempi. Kamuva, ngokuzithandela, wathuthela emsebenzini njengomsizi kanobhala woMnyango Wezobugebengu eSt.
Ngenxa yalokho, ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva isazi esincane sathunyelwa eMoscow, lapho saqala khona isikhundla sokuba unobhala womshushisi. Ekwindla ka-1867, kwalandelwa okunye ukuqokwa, okwaholela ekutheni abe yisekela lomshushisi wenkantolo yesifunda saseKharkov.
Ngaleso sikhathi, uKoni waqala ukukhombisa izimpawu zokuqala zalesi sifo. Lokhu kwaholela ekutheni ekuqaleni kuka-1869 waphoqeleka ukuba ayokwelashwa phesheya. Lapha wasondelana noNgqongqoshe Wezobulungiswa, uConstantin Palen.
UPalen wasiza u-Anatoly ukuba adluliselwe eSt. Ngemuva kwalokho, waqala ukukhuphuka kwakhe ngokushesha esiteji somsebenzi. Ngemuva kokuba ngumshushisi, wabandakanyeka emacaleni anzima iminyaka eminingana.
Ekuhlolweni, uKoni wethule izinkulumo eziqhakazile nezakhayo ezijabulisa wonke amajaji. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkulumo zakhe zokumangalela zashicilelwa ezincwadini ezahlukahlukene. Ngenxa yalokho, waba ngomunye wabameli abahlonishwa kakhulu hhayi kuphela edolobheni, kodwa nasezweni.
Kamuva, u-Anatoly Fedorovich wathatha isikhundla sokuba yiphini lomqondisi woMnyango Wezobulungiswa, ngemuva kwalokho wanikezwa isihloko sejaji elihloniphekile lezifunda zasePeterhof naseSt. Icala likaVera Zasulich lifanelwe ukunakwa ngokukhethekile ku-biography yobungcweti yomshushisi.
UZasulich wenze umzamo ongaphumelelanga wokubulala imeya uFyodor Trepov, ngenxa yalokho wabekwa icala. Ngenxa yenkulumo ecatshangelwe kahle, uKoni uqinisekise ijaji lokuthi uVera umsulwa, ngoba kuthiwa akazange afune ukubulala lesi sikhulu. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi ngobusuku bangaphambi komhlangano, u-Emperor Alexander II uqobo wafuna kummeli ukuthi lo wesifazane kumele aye ejele.
Kodwa-ke, u-Anatoly Koni wenqaba ukudlala kanye nombusi kanye namajaji, wanquma ukwenza umsebenzi wakhe ngokuthembeka nangaphandle kokukhetha. Lokhu kwaholela ekutheni indoda yaqala ukuphoqeleka ukuthi isule ngokuzithandela, kepha uKoni waphinde wenqaba. Ngenxa yalokhu, wasuswa emnyangweni wezobugebengu wayiswa kowomphakathi.
Eminyakeni eyalandela yomlando wakhe, u-Anatoly wayevame ukushushiswa yiziphathimandla, amncishe imiklomelo futhi angavumeli ukumangalelwa kanzima. Ngokuqala kwenguquko, waphelelwa ngumsebenzi nokuziphilisa.
Amahhashi kwakudingeka athengise izincwadi ukuze aphile. Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe, wayehileleke ekufundiseni ePetrograd University, efundisa abafundi ukubhala, umthetho wezobugebengu nokuziphatha ehostela. Esikhathini esingangonyaka ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, impesheni yakhe yaphindwa kabili.
Imisebenzi ka-Anatoly Koni, kufaka phakathi "Izinkulumo Zezobulungiswa" kanye ne "Fathers and Sons of Judicial Reform", ibe nomthelela obonakalayo ekuthuthukisweni kwesayensi yezomthetho. Wabuye waba umbhali wemisebenzi lapho echaza khona izinkumbulo zakhe kusukela ekuxhumaneni nabalobi abahlukahlukene, kuhlanganise noLeo Tolstoy, uFyodor Dostoevsky noNikolai Nekrasov.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
U-Anatoly Fedorovich akakaze ashade. Mayelana naye, wathi okulandelayo: "Anginayo impilo yomuntu siqu." Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuzange kumvimbe ekuthandeni. Ukukhethwa kokuqala kommeli kwakunguNadezhda Moroshkina, ayehlele ukushada naye.
Kodwa-ke, lapho odokotela babikezela ukuthi uKoni uzoba nempilo emfushane, wayeka ukushada. Kamuva wahlangana noLyubov Gogel, owayeshade nomshushisi waseSt. Kwaphela isikhathi eside begcina ubudlelwano bobungani futhi bexhumana ngokuqinile.
U-Anatoly wayenokuxhumana okufanayo no-Elena Vasilyevna Ponomareva - inani lezincwadi zabo laya emakhulwini. Ngo-1924 u-Elena waqala ukuhlala naye, waba umsizi wakhe nonobhala. Wayenakekela uKoni ogulayo kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kwezinsuku zakhe.
Ukufa
U-Anatoly Koni ushone ngoSepthemba 17, 1927 eneminyaka engama-83. Imbangela yokufa kwakhe kwakuyi-pneumonia. Abantu abaningi beza bezomvalelisa kangangokuba abantu bagcwala umgwaqo wonke.
Isithombe ngu-Anatoly Koni
