UValentin Savvich Pikul (1928-1990) - Umbhali waseSoviet, umbhali weprozi, umbhali wemisebenzi eminingi yezinganekwane ezihlokweni zomlando nezasolwandle.
Ngisho nangesikhathi sokuphila komlobi, ukusakazwa okuphelele kwezincwadi zakhe kwakungamakhophi angaba yizigidi ezingama-20. Kuze kube namuhla, ukusakazwa okuphelele kwemisebenzi yakhe kudlula isigamu sezigidi zamakhophi.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography kaPikul, esizokhuluma ngaye kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho kune-biography emfushane kaValentin Pikul.
I-Biography kaPikul
UValentin Pikul wazalwa ngoJulayi 13, 1928 eLeningrad. Ukhulele emndenini olula ongahlangene nokubhala.
Uyise, uSavva Mikhailovich, wasebenza njengonjiniyela omkhulu ekwakheni indawo yokulungisa imikhumbi. Walahleka ngesikhathi seMpi yaseStalingrad. Unina, uMaria Konstantinovna, wayevela kubalimi besifunda sePskov.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Ingxenye yokuqala yobuntwana bomlobi wesikhathi esizayo yadlula esimweni esihle. Kodwa-ke, konke kwashintsha ngokuqala kweMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe (1941-1945). Ngonyaka ngaphambi kokuqala kwempi, uPikul nabazali bakhe bathuthela eMolotovsk, lapho ubaba wakhe ayesebenza khona.
Lapha uValentin waphothula ebangeni lesi-5, ngasikhathi sinye waya embuthanweni "wetilosi elincane". Ehlobo lika-1941, umfana nonina baya eholidini kugogo wakhe, owayehlala eLeningrad. Ngenxa yokugqashuka kwempi, abakwazanga ukubuyela emakhaya.
Ngenxa yalokho, uValentin Pikul nonina basinda ebusika bokuqala eLeningrad evinjezelwe. Ngaleso sikhathi, inhloko yomndeni yayisibe ngumphathi webutho ku-White Sea Fleet.
Ngesikhathi sokuvinjelwa kweLeningrad, izakhamuzi zendawo kwakudingeka zikhuthazelele ubunzima obuningi. Idolobha lalishoda kakhulu ngokudla, lapho izakhamizi zaziphethwe yindlala nezifo.
Ngokushesha uValentin wagula ngesikhwehlela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, waba ne-dystrophy ngenxa yokungondleki. Umfana ubengafela ukube bekungengenxa yokulondolozwa kwabantu beya e-Arkhangelsk, lapho uPikul Sr. akhonza khona. Lo mfana, kanye nonina, bakwazile ukushiya iLeningrad eduze "komgwaqo wokuphila" odumile.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kusukela ngoSepthemba 12, 1941 kuya kuMashi 1943, "Umgwaqo Wokuphila" kwakuwukuphela komthambo wezokuthutha owawudlula eLake Ladoga (ehlobo - emanzini, ebusika - eqhweni), exhumanisa iLeningrad neHulumeni.
Engafuni ukuhlala ngemuva, uPikul oneminyaka engu-14 wabaleka esuka e-Arkhangelsk waya eSolovki ukuze ayofunda esikoleni iJung. Ngo-1943 waphothula izifundo zakhe, esethole okukhethekile - "helmsman-signalman". Ngemuva kwalokho wathunyelwa kumbhubhisi "uGrozny" weNorthern Fleet.
UValentin Savvich wadabula yonke impi, ngemuva kwalokho wangena esikoleni semikhumbi. Kodwa-ke, ngokushesha waxoshwa esikhungweni semfundo ngegama elithi "ngenxa yokungabi nalwazi."
Izincwadi
I-biography kaValentin Pikul yathuthuka ngendlela yokuthi imfundo yakhe esemthethweni yayinganiselwe kumamaki ama-5 kuphela esikoleni. Eminyakeni yangemva kwempi, waqala ukuzibandakanya ngenkuthalo ekuzifundiseni, echitha isikhathi esiningi efunda izincwadi.
Ebusheni bakhe, uPikul wahola iqembu lokuntywila, ngemuva kwalokho waba yinhloko yomnyango wezomlilo. Wabe wangena umbuthano tetemibhalo Vera Ketlinskaya njengoba isilaleli khulula. Ngaleso sikhathi, wayesebhale imisebenzi eminingana.
UValentin wayenganelisekile ngamanoveli akhe amabili okuqala, ngenxa yalokho enqaba ukuwanikeza ukuba aprinte. Futhi ngumsebenzi wesithathu kuphela, owawunesihloko esithi "Ocean Patrol" (1954), owathunyelwa kumhleli. Ngemuva kokushicilelwa kwenoveli, uPikul wamukelwa ku-Union of Writers of the USSR.
Ngalesi sikhathi, le ndoda yaba umngane nabalobi uViktor Kurochkin noViktor Konetsky. Bavele yonke indawo ndawonye, yingakho ozakwabo bababiza ngokuthi "The Three Musketeers."
Njalo ngonyaka uValentin Pikul wakhombisa intshisekelo ekhulayo emicimbini yomlando, eyamenza wabhala izincwadi ezintsha. Ngo-1961, inoveli ethi "Bayazet" yashicilelwa isuka epeni lombhali, elitshela ngokuvinjezelwa kwenqaba enegama elifanayo phakathi nempi yaseRussia neTurkey.
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi kwakungumsebenzi lo uValentin Savvich abheka ukuqala komlando wakhe wokubhala. Eminyakeni eyalandela, kwashicilelwa eminye imisebenzi eminingana yombhali, phakathi kwayo eyayithandwa kakhulu kwakungu- "Moonzund" kanye "nePeni nenkemba".
Ngo-1979, uPikul wethula incwadi yakhe edumile yencwadi ethi "Amandla Angahlanzekile", okwadala umsindo omkhulu emphakathini. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi le ncwadi yakhishwa ngokugcwele eminyakeni eyi-10 kuphela kamuva. Ikhulume ngomdala odumile uGrigory Rasputin nobudlelwano bakhe nomndeni wasebukhosini.
Abagxeki bezincwadi basola umbhali ngokuveza kabi isimilo nemikhuba kaNicholas II, umkakhe u-Anna Fedorovna kanye nabamele abefundisi. Abangane bakaValentin Pikul bathi ngenxa yale ncwadi umbhali washaywa, futhi ngaphansi komyalo kaSuslov, kwasungulwa ukubhekwa okuyimfihlo.
Eminyakeni yama-80s, uValentin Savvich washicilela amanoveli athi "Izintandokazi", "Nginokuhlonishwa", "Cruiser" neminye imisebenzi. Sekukonke, wabhala imisebenzi emikhulu engaphezu kwama-30 nezindaba eziningi ezincane. Ngokusho kukankosikazi wakhe, ubekwazi ukubhala izincwadi izinsuku eziningi.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi iqhawe ngalinye lezincwadi, uPikul waqala ikhadi elihlukile, lapho aqaphela khona izici eziyinhloko zomlando wakhe.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo ukuthi wayenamakhadi angaba ngu-100 000 kulawa makhadi, futhi emtatsheni wakhe wezincwadi kwakukhona izincwadi zomlando ezingaphezu kuka-10 000!
Ngaphambi nje kokushona kwakhe, uValentin Pikul wathi ngaphambi kokuchaza noma yimuphi umlingiswa womlando noma umcimbi, wasebenzisa okungenani imithombo emihlanu ehlukene yalokhu.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Unkosikazi wokuqala kaValentine oneminyaka engu-17 kwakunguZoya Chudakova, ahlala naye iminyaka eminingana. Intsha yenze ubudlelwano baba semthethweni ngenxa yokukhulelwa kwentombazane. Kule nyunyana, lo mbhangqwana wayenendodakazi, u-Irina.
Ngo-1956, uPikul waqala ukunakekela uVeronica Feliksovna Chugunova, owayemdala kuye ngeminyaka eyi-10. Owesifazane wayenomlingiswa oqinile futhi ocindezelayo, okwakubizwa ngokuthi yi-Iron Felix. Ngemuva kweminyaka emi-2 abathandi badlala umshado, ngemuva kwalokho uVeronica waba ngumngane othembekile womyeni wakhe.
Unkosikazi uxazulule zonke izingqinamba zansuku zonke, enza konke okusemandleni ukuze uValentin angaphazanyiswa ekubhaleni. Kamuva umndeni wathuthela eRiga, wayohlala efulethini elinamakamelo amabili. Kukhona inguqulo yokuthi umlobi we-prose wathola indawo ehlukile yokwethembeka kwakhe kuhulumeni wamanje.
Ngemuva kokushona kukaChugunova ngo-1980, uPikul wanikela ngesisebenzi somtapo wezincwadi ogama lakhe lingu-Antonina. Kumuntu wesifazane osevele enezingane ezimbili ezindala, lokhu kwamangala ngokuphelele.
U-Antonina wathi ufuna ukubonisana nezingane. UValentine uphendule wathi uzomhambisa endlini amlinde khona impela isigamu sehora. Uma engaphumeli ngaphandle, uzobuyela ekhaya. Ngenxa yalokho, izingane zazingahambisani nomshado kanina, ngenxa yalokho abathandi babenza ubuhlobo babo baba semthethweni.
Umbhali wahlala nenkosikazi yakhe yesithathu kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kwezinsuku zakhe. U-Antonina waba ngumbhali womlando omkhulu kaPikul. Ngezincwadi ezikhuluma ngomyeni wakhe, umfelokazi wangeniswa kwi-Writers 'Union of Russia.
Ukufa
UValentin Savvich Pikul ushone ngoJulayi 16, 1990 enesifo senhliziyo eneminyaka engama-62. Wangcwatshwa eRiga Forest Cemetery. Eminyakeni emithathu kamuva, waklonyeliswa ngemuva kwesikhathi. M. A. Sholokhov wencwadi ethi "Amandla Angahlanzekile".
Izithombe zePikul
