U-Antonio Lucho (ULucio, uLucio) UVivaldi (1678-1741) - Umqambi wase-Italy, i-violin virtuoso, uthisha, umqhubi nompristi wamaKatolika. IVivaldi ingesinye sezichasiselo ezinkulu kakhulu zekhulu le-18 leminyaka yobuciko be-violin yase-Italy.
Umphathi wekhonsathi lomculo wezinsimbi nomculo wezinsimbi nguConcerto Grosso, umbhali wama-opera angaba ngu-40. Amakhonsathi amane e-violin "Izikhathi Zonyaka" athathwa njengomunye wemisebenzi yakhe edume kakhulu.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography kaVivaldi, esizokhuluma ngayo kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho kune-biography emfushane ka-Antonio Vivaldi.
Umlando we-Vivaldi
U-Antonio Vivaldi wazalwa ngoMashi 4, 1678 eVenice. Wakhula futhi wakhulela emndenini wezinwele nomculi uGiovanni Battista nomkakhe uCamilla. Ngaphandle kuka-Antonio, emndenini wakwaVivaldi kwazalwa amanye amadodakazi amathathu namadodana ama-2.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Umqambi wesikhathi esizayo wazalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ngenyanga yesi-7. Umbelethisi waqinisekisa abazali ukuba babhabhadise ingane ngokushesha, uma kwenzeka ifa ngokuzumayo.
Ngenxa yalokho, emahoreni ambalwa ingane yabhapathizwa, njengoba kufakazelwa ukungena kwencwadi yesonto.
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi ukuzamazama komhlaba kwenzeka eVenice ngosuku lokuzalwa lukaVivaldi. Lo mcimbi wethusa umama wakhe kakhulu waze wanquma ukuqoka indodana yakhe njengompristi lapho esekhulile.
Impilo ka-Antonio yayingathandeki. Ikakhulukazi, wahlushwa yisifuba somoya. Akukho okuningi okwaziwayo mayelana nengane nentsha yomqambi. Mhlawumbe, kwakuyinhloko yomndeni eyafundisa umfana ukudlala i-violin.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ingane yayilazi kahle leli thuluzi kangangokuthi ngezikhathi ezithile wayefaka ubaba wakhe esontweni lapho kufanele ashiye idolobha.
Kamuva, le nsizwa yasebenza "njengonozinti" ethempelini, ivulela amakholwa isango. Wayenesifiso esiqotho sokuba umfundisi, okwakujabulisa abazali bakhe. Ngo-1704, lo mfana wayephethe iMisa esontweni, kodwa ngenxa yempilo ebuthakathaka, kwakunzima kakhulu ukubhekana nemisebenzi yakhe.
Ngokuzayo, u-Antonio Vivaldi uzobamba iMisa kaningana, ngemuva kwalokho uzoshiya imisebenzi yakhe ethempelini, yize ezoqhubeka nokuba ngumpristi.
Umculo
Eminyakeni engu-25 ubudala, uVivaldi waba yi-virtuoso violinist, lapho aqala khona ukufundisa izintandane nezingane ezihluphekayo ukudlala insimbi esikoleni esigodlweni sezindela, bese e-conservatory. Kwakungalesi sikhathi se-biography yakhe lapho aqala khona ukubhala imisebenzi yakhe ekhazimulayo.
U-Antonio Vivaldi ubhale amakhonsathi, ama-cantata nomculo wezwi osuselwa kwimibhalo yeBhayibheli yabafundi. Le misebenzi yayihloselwe ukusebenza kwedwa, ukusebenza kwamakhwaya kanye ne-orchestra. Ngokushesha waqala ukufundisa izintandane ukudlala hhayi kuphela i-violin, kodwa futhi ne-viola.
Ngo-1716, uVivaldi wayephathiswe ukuphatha indawo yokugcina izinto, ngenxa yalokho wayephethe yonke imisebenzi yomculo yesikhungo semfundo. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwakungu-2 opuses womqambi, ama-sonata ayi-12 lilinye, namakhonsathi ayi-12 - "i-Harmonious Inspiration", kwase kushicilelwe.
Umculo wase-Italy uthole ukuthandwa ngaphandle kwezwe. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi u-Antonio wadlala kwinxusa laseFrance naphambi kwenkosi yaseDenmark uFrederick IV, kamuva anikezela ngaye ama-sonata amaningi.
Ngemuva kwalokho, uVivaldi wazinza eMantua ngokumenywa yiNkosana uPhilip waseHesse-Darmstadt. Ngalesi sikhathi waqala ukubhala ama-opera wokuziphilisa, owokuqala wawo wabizwa ngo-Otto eVilla. Lapho impresario nabaxhasi bezwa lo msebenzi, bawuthakasela.
Ngenxa yalokho, u-Antonio Vivaldi wathola i-oda le-opera entsha evela kumqondisi weSan Angelo Theatre. Ngokusho komqambi, kusukela ngo-1713-1737. wabhala ama-opera angama-94, kodwa kusasele izikolo ezingama-50 kuphela kuze kube namuhla.
Ekuqaleni konke kwahamba kahle, kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi umphakathi waseVenice waqala ukulahlekelwa yintshisekelo kuma-opera. Ngo-1721, uVivaldi waya eMilan, lapho wethula khona idrama ethi "Sylvia", kwathi ngonyaka olandelayo wethula i-oratorio esuselwa kusakhiwo seBhayibheli.
Khona-ke maestro waphila isikhathi esithile eRoma, kwakheka opera ezintsha. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi uPapa uqobo wammema ukuthi anikeze ikhonsathi. Lo mcimbi waba ngomunye obaluleke kakhulu kumlando wakhe, ngenxa yokuthi uVivaldi wayengumpristi wamaKatolika.
Ngo-1723-1724 UVivaldi ubhale amaSeasons adumile emhlabeni. Ikhonsathi ngayinye yama-violin engu-4 yanikezelwa entwasahlobo, ebusika, ehlobo nasekwindla. Izazi zomculo nabathandi abajwayelekile bomculo we-classic bayaqaphela ukuthi le misebenzi imele ubukhosi base-Italy.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi isazi esidumile uJean-Jacques Rousseau wakhuluma kakhulu ngomsebenzi ka-Antonio. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yena ngokwakhe wayethanda ukwenza izingoma ezithile kumtshingo.
Ukuvakasha okusebenzayo kwaholela uVivaldi ukuhlangana nombusi wase-Austrian uKarl 6, owayethanda umculo wakhe. Ngenxa yalokho, kwakheka ubungani obuseduze phakathi kwabo. Futhi uma umsebenzi we-maestro eVenice wawungasathandwa kangako, eYurophu yonke into yayiphambene nse.
Ngemuva kokuhlangana noKarl 6, uVivaldi wathuthela e-Austria, enethemba lokukhula komsebenzi. Kodwa-ke, inkosi yashona ngemuva nje kokufika komNtaliyane. Ekupheleni kwempilo yakhe, u-Antonio kwadingeka athengise imisebenzi yakhe ngepeni, ebhekene nobunzima bezezimali.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Njengoba lo maestro ayengumpristi, wayelandela ukungashadi, njengoba kwakufunwa imfundiso yamaKatolika. Noma kunjalo, abantu besikhathi sakhe bambamba ngobudlelwano obusondelene nomfundi wakhe u-Anna Giraud nodadewabo uPaolina.
UVivaldi wafundisa u-Anna umculo, embhalela ama-opera amaningi nezingxenye zakhe. Abantu abasha babevame ukuphumula ndawonye futhi benze uhambo ngokuhlanganyela. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi uPaolina wayekulungele ukumenzela noma yini.
Le ntombazane yabheka u-Antonio, yamsiza ukuba abhekane nokugula okungalapheki nokuba buthakathaka komzimba. Abefundisi bebengasaboni ngokuthula ukuthi wayehamba kanjani namantombazane amabili amancane.
Ngo-1738, uKhadinali-uMbhishobhi Omkhulu waseFerrara, lapho kwakufanele kubanjelwe khona umkhosi womculo ophethwe njalo, wanqabela uVivaldi nabafundi bakhe ukungena edolobheni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wayala ukuba kugujwe iMisa ngenxa yokuwa kwalo mculi.
Ukufa
U-Antonio Vivaldi ushone ngoJulayi 28, 1741 eVienna, ngemuva nje kokushona kukamphathi wakhe uCharles 6. Ngesikhathi sokushona kwakhe, wayeneminyaka engama-63. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule, ubephila ngobumpofu nokukhohlwa okuphelele, ngenxa yalokho wangcwatshwa emathuneni abampofu.
