UKliment Efremovich Voroshilov futhi UKlim Voroshilov (1881-1969) - Umbhikisho waseRussia, umbutho wezempi waseSoviet, umphathi wezwe kanye nomholi weqembu, uMarshal waseSoviet Union. Kabili iHero leSoviet Union.
Umnikazi werekhodi lobude bokuhlala ePolitburo yeKomidi Elikhulu leCPSU (b) kanye neHhovisi likaHulumeni weKomidi Elikhulu leCPSU - iminyaka engama-34.5.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-Kliment Voroshilov biography, esizoxoxa ngayo kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho i-biography emfushane kaVoroshilov.
Biography Kliment Voroshilov
UKliment Voroshilov wazalwa ngoJanuwari 23 (4 Febhuwari), 1881 edolobhaneni laseVerkhnee (manje esesifunda saseLuhansk). Wakhula futhi wakhulela emndenini ompofu. Uyise, u-Efrem Andreevich, wasebenza njenge-trackman, futhi umama wakhe, uMaria Vasilievna, wenza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene engcolile.
Usopolitiki wakusasa wayengumntwana wesithathu wabazali bakhe. Njengoba umndeni wawuhlupheka kakhulu, uClement waqala ukusebenza eseyingane. Lapho eneminyaka engaba ngu-7 wayesebenza njengomalusi.
Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva uVoroshilov waya emayini njengomqoqi we-pyrite. Phakathi nesikhathi somlando wakhe we-1893-1895, wafunda esikoleni semstvo, lapho athola khona imfundo yamabanga aphansi.
Lapho eneminyaka engu-15, uClement wathola umsebenzi embonini yensimbi. Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-7, le nsizwa yaba isisebenzi sebhizinisi le-locomotive eLugansk. Ngaleso sikhathi, wayesevele eyilungu leRussia Social Democratic Labor Party, ekhombisa intshisekelo enkulu kwezepolitiki.
Ngo-1904 uVoroshilov wajoyina amaBolsheviks, waba yilungu leKomidi lamaLugansk lamaBolshevik. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva, waphathiswa isikhundla sokuba ngusihlalo weLuansans Soviet. Uqondise iziteleka zabasebenzi baseRussia nezinhlangano zokulwa ezihleliwe.
Umsebenzi
Eminyakeni eyalandela yomlando wakhe, uKliment Voroshilov wayehlanganyela ngenkuthalo emisebenzini yomshoshaphansi, ngenxa yalokho waya ejele ephindelela futhi wakhonza ekudingisweni.
Ngesikhathi esisodwa sokuboshwa, le ndoda yashaywa kanzima yalimala kanzima ekhanda. Ngenxa yalokho, wayehlale ezwa imisindo engaphandle, futhi ekupheleni kwempilo yakhe wayesengezwa nhlobo. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi wayenesibongo esingaphansi komhlaba "uVolodin".
Ngo-1906 uClement wahlangana noLenin noStalin, kwathi ngonyaka olandelayo wathunyelwa ekudingisweni esifundazweni sase-Arkhangelsk. NgoDisemba 1907 wakwazi ukubaleka, kepha ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa waboshwa futhi wathunyelwa esifundazweni esifanayo.
Ngo-1912 uVoroshilov wakhululwa, kodwa wayesengaphansi kokugadwa okuyimfihlo. Ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yokuqala (1914-1918), wakwazi ukugwema ibutho futhi aqhubeke nokubandakanya inkulumo-ze yeBolshevism.
Ngesikhathi Senguquko ka-Okthoba ka-1917, uClement waqokwa njengokhomishani weKomiti Yezinguquko Yezempi yasePetrograd. Kanye noFeliks Dzerzhinsky, wasungula iKhomishini Engajwayelekile YaseRussia (i-VChK). Kamuva waphathiswa isikhundla esibalulekile selungu loMkhandlu Wezempi Wempi Yezempi Wempi Yokuqala Yamahhashi.
Kusukela lapho, uVoroshilov wabizwa njengomunye wabantu ababalulekile odabeni lweRevolution. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngokusho kwabaningi ababhali bakhe, wayengenawo amakhono omholi wezempi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abaningi ababephila ngesikhathi sakhe baphikisa ngokuthi le ndoda yayinqotshwe zonke izimpi ezinkulu.
Ngaphandle kwalokhu, uKliment Efremovich ukwazile ukuhola umnyango wezempi cishe iminyaka eyi-15, okungekho noyedwa ozakwabo abengaziqhayisa ngaye. Ngokusobala, wakwazi ukufeza ukuphakama okunjalo ngenxa yekhono lokusebenza eqenjini, okwakuyivelakancane ngaleso sikhathi.
Kuyafaneleka ukuphawula ukuthi empilweni yakhe yonke uVoroshilov wayenombono ojwayelekile ngokuzigxeka futhi akazange ahlukaniswe nesifiso, okwakungeke kushiwo ngamalungu eqembu lakhe. Mhlawumbe yingakho aheha abantu futhi wavusa ukuzethemba kwabo.
Ekuqaleni kwawo-1920, uguquko wahola ibutho lesifunda saseNyakatho Caucasus, kwase kuba elaseMoscow, kwathi ngemuva kokushona kukaFrunze, wahola wonke umnyango wezempi wase-USSR. Ngesikhathi seGreat Terror, esaqubuka ngo-1937-1938, uKliment Voroshilov wayephakathi kwalabo ababecubungula futhi basayina uhlu lwabantu abacindezelwe.
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi isiginesha yomholi wezempi isezinhlwini eziyi-185, ngokusho kwabantu abangaphezu kuka-18,000 ababecindezelwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokomyalo wakhe, amakhulukhulu wabaphathi beRed Army bagwetshwa intambo.
Ngaleso sikhathi, i-biography kaVoroshilov yanikezwa isihloko seMarshal waseSoviet Union. Wayehlukaniswa ngokuzinikela kwakhe okuhlukile kuStalin, esekela ngokuphelele yonke imibono yakhe.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi waze waba ngumlobi wencwadi ethi "Stalin and the Red Army", emakhasini akhe adumisa konke okwenziwe uMholi Wezizwe.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukungezwani kwavela phakathi kukaClement Efremovich noJoseph Vissarionovich. Isibonelo, maqondana nenqubomgomo eChina nobuntu bukaLeon Trotsky. Futhi emva kokuphela kwempi neFinland ngo-1940, lapho i-USSR yanqoba ngentengo ephezulu, uStalin wayala ukuba asuse ngokuphelele uVoroshilov esikhundleni se-People's Commissar of Defense futhi amyale ukuba ahole imboni yezokuvikela.
Ngesikhathi seMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe (1941-1945) uClement wazibonakalisa eyiqhawe elinesibindi futhi eliqinile. Uholele ngokwakhe amaMarines ekulweni ngesandla. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokungabi nalwazi nokuntuleka kwethalente njengomphathi, waphelelwa ukwethenjwa nguStalin, owayedinga kakhulu izinsiza zabantu.
UVoroshilov wayethenjwa ngezikhathi ezithile ukuphatha imiphakathi eyahlukahlukene, kepha konke okuthunyelwe kwasuswa kwafakwa esikhundleni izinduna ezinkulu eziphumelele, kubandakanya uGeorgy Zhukov. Ekwindla ka-1944, ekugcineni wahoxiswa ekomidini lezokuVikela LoMbuso.
Ekupheleni kwempi, uKliment Efremovich wasebenza njengosihlalo we-Allied Control Commission eHungary, inhloso yayo kwakuwukulawula nokuqapha ukuqaliswa kwemigomo yempi.
Kamuva, le ndoda yaba yiminyaka eminingana njengesekela likasihlalo woMkhandlu WoNgqongqoshe wase-USSR, yabe isisebenza njengosihlalo wePresidium yeSupreme Soviet.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
UVoroshilov wahlangana nomkakhe, uGolda Gorbman, ngo-1909 ngesikhathi edingisiwe eNyrob. NjengomJuda, intombazane yaguqukela ku-Orthodoxy ngaphambi komshado, yashintsha igama layo yaba nguCatherine. Lesi senzo sabathukuthelisa abazali bakhe, ababeka ukuxhumana nendodakazi yabo.
Lo mshado kuvele ukuthi wawungenangane, ngoba uGolda wayengakwazi ukuthola izingane. Ngenxa yalokho, lo mbhangqwana wamukela umfana uPeter, futhi ngemva kokufa kukaMikhail Frunze bathatha izingane zakhe - uTimur noTatiana.
Ngale ndlela, uLeonid Nesterenko, uprofesa eKharkov Polytechnic Institute, indodana yomngani wakudala kaKliment's, wazibiza ngendodana yokutholwa yabantu bakaKhomishani.
Ndawonye, lo mbhangqwana waphila kamnandi cishe isigamu sekhulu leminyaka, kwaze kwaba sekushoneni kukaGolda ngenxa yomdlavuza ngo-1959. UVoroshilov wezwa kanzima elahlekelwa ngumkakhe. Ngokusho kwababhali bama-biographer, le ndoda ayikaze ibe nezinkosikazi, ngoba yayithanda enye ingxenye yayo yaquleka.
Usopolitiki unake kakhulu ezemidlalo. Wayebhukuda kahle, enza imithambo yokuzivocavoca futhi ethanda ukushushuluza. Ngokuthakazelisayo, uVoroshilov wayengumqashi wokugcina waseKremlin.
Ukufa
Ngonyaka ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, umholi wamasosha wanikezwa isihloko seHero yeSoviet Union okwesibili. UKliment Voroshilov ushone ngoDisemba 2, 1969 eneminyaka engama-88.
Isithombe nguKliment Voroshilov
