ULeonid Alekseevich Filatov (1946-2003) - Umlingisi weshashalazi waseSoviet naseRussia nomlingisi wamafilimu, umqondisi wefilimu, imbongi, umbhali, intatheli, umethuli we-TV nomlobi wemidlalo.
Umculi Wabantu waseRussia kanye nowathola uMklomelo Wombuso weRussian Federation emkhakheni wezamabhayisikobho nethelevishini.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-Filatov's biography, esizokhuluma ngayo kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho i-biography emfushane kaLeonid Filatov.
Umlando kaFilatov
ULeonid Filatov wazalwa ngoDisemba 24, 1946 eKazan. Wakhula futhi wakhulela emkhayeni opharetha u-Alexei Eremeevich nomkakhe uKlavdia Nikolaevna.
Ubuntwana nentsha
AmaFilatovs ayevame ukushintsha indawo yawo yokuhlala, ngoba inhloko yomndeni kwakudingeka ichithe isikhathi esiningi ohambweni.
Inhlekelele yokuqala ku-biography kaLeonid yenzeke eneminyaka engu-7, lapho abazali bakhe benquma ukuhamba. Ngenxa yalokho, wahlala noyise, owamyisa e-Ashgabat.
Ngemuva kwesikhashana, umama wancenga indodana yakhe ukuthi ihambele ePenza. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlala nomama wakhe isikhathi esingaphansi kweminyaka engu-2, uLeonid waphinde washiya uyise. Emuva eminyakeni yakhe yokufunda, waqala ukubhala imisebenzi emincane eyashicilelwa kuma-Ashgabat editions.
Ngakho-ke, uFilatov waqala ukuthola imali yakhe yokuqala. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, waba nentshisekelo enkulu kubuciko be-cinema. Wafunda omagazini abaningi abakhethekile futhi wabuka wonke amafilimu, kufaka phakathi ama-documentary.
Lokhu kwaholela eqinisweni lokuthi uLeonid Filatov wanquma ukungena kwi-VGIK eMnyangweni wokuqondisa.
Esethole isitifiketi, waya eMoscow, efuna ukuba ngumfundi wesikhungo esidumile, kepha akakwazanga ukufeza inhloso yakhe.
Ngeseluleko somngane wesikole, le nsizwa yazama ukungena eShchukin School yomnyango obambile. Waziphasa ngempumelelo izivivinyo futhi wafunda ukulingisa iminyaka emi-4.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi uFilatov akazange akhombise intshisekelo enkulu ezifundweni, imvamisa weqa amakilasi futhi waya ekuhlolweni okungekho emthethweni kwamafilimu azifihle njengezingxoxo. Ngalesi sikhathi se-biography, uqhubeke nokuzibandakanya ekubhalweni.
Itiyetha
Ngemuva kokuphothula izifundo zakhe ekolishi ngo-1969, uLeonid wathola umsebenzi eTaganka Theatre edumile. Kumkhiqizo "Yini okufanele yenziwe?" wathola indima yokuqala enkulu. Kamuva wadlala emidlalweni eminingi, kufaka phakathi iCherry Orchard, The Master noMargarita noPugacheva.
Lapho kudlalwa inhlekelele kaShakespeare odumile "Hamlet" enkundleni yemidlalo, uFilatov wathola indima kaHoratio. Ngokusho komlingisi, wakuthatha njengenhlanhla yangempela ukuthi wakwazi ukusebenza nabaculi abanjengoVladimir Vysotsky noBulat Okudzhava.
Maphakathi nawo-80s, uLeonid wadlala iminyaka embalwa esiteji seSovremennik, njengoba ukuholwa kweTaganka Theatre kwashintsha. Esikhundleni sika-Yuri Lyubimov, enqatshelwe ubuzwe bakhe ngokuzenzisa - ingxoxo nezintatheli zakwamanye amazwe, u-Anatoly Efros waba ngumholi omusha.
UFilatov wayekugxeka ukuqokwa kuka-Efros. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wabamba iqhaza ekushushisweni kwakhe, okwathi kamuva wazisola ngobuqotho. Lo mlingisi ubuyele ezweni lakubo "Taganka" ngo-1987.
Amafilimu
Ngokokuqala ngqá esikrinini esikhulu, uLeonid wavela ngo-1970, edlala indima encane emculweni "Umuzi Wothando Lokuqala". Impumelelo yakhe yokuqala yeza ngemuva kokuqopha ifilimu yenhlekelele ethi "Crew", lapho aguqulwa waba ngunjiniyela wendiza onothando.
Ngemuva kwale ndima, uFilatov wazuza ukuthandwa yiRussia. Ngemuva kwalokho wadlala abalingiswa abasemqoka kumafilimu anjengokuthi "Kusukela kusihlwa kuya emini", "Rooks", "The Chosen", "Chicherin" nabanye. Imisebenzi ephumelele kakhulu ngokubamba iqhaza kwakhe kube yi- "Forgotten Melody for Flute" ne- "City of Zero".
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo ukuthi ngokusho kwesazi sezombusazwe uSergei Kara-Murza, "iDolobha laseZero" yisimo esifihliwe esingokomfanekiso lapho i-USSR yawa khona.
Ngo-1990, le ndoda yaguqulwa yaba yisikhulu esiphezulu se-Children of Bitch esibuhlungu. Kule filimu, uLeonid Filatov usebenze njengomlingisi, umqondisi nombhali wombhalo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi le filimu iqoshwe ngezinsuku ezingama-24 kuphela.
Ngenkathi yokuqopha "Izingane Zengquza" uLeonid Alekseevich wahlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi emilenzeni, kepha waqhubeka nokusebenza. Ngalesi sikhathi se-biography yakhe, wayevame ukuvezwa ukungezwani kwemizwa, ukubhema amaphakethe ama-2-3 kagwayi ngosuku.
Konke lokhu kwaholela ekuwohlokeni kwempilo yomculi. Indima yokugcina kaFilatov kwakuyidrama engokwengqondo ethi "Charity Ball", lapho adlala khona umlingiswa ophambili.
I-TV
Ngo-1994, ukukhishwa kokuqala kohlelo "Okuzokhunjulwa" kwakhululwa ku-TV yaseRussia. Ikhulume ngabadlali abanamakhono, kepha abakhohliwe ngokungafanele. Le phrojekthi ibe ngenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu kuLeonid.
UFilatov uhlala engumphathi wohlelo iminyaka eyishumi. Ngalesi sikhathi, kuqoshwe izingqikithi ezingaphezu kuka-100 ze- "To Remember". Ngomsebenzi wakhe, uLeonid A. wanikezwa uMklomelo Wombuso WaseRussia emkhakheni wezobuciko.
Umsebenzi wezincwadi
Ngama-60s, uFilatov, ngokubambisana noVladimir Kachan, wabhala izingoma. Ngemuva kweminyaka engama-30, i-albhamu "Orange Cat" yakhishwa.
Inganekwane yokuqala "Mayelana noFedot umcibisheli, umuntu owayenesibindi" uLeonid wabhala ngo-1985. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, inganekwane yashicilelwa encwadini ethi "Intsha".
Lo msebenzi wawugcwele ukubhuqa nama-aphorism abuhlungu. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngo-2008 kudutshulwe ikhathuni ngokususelwa kuFedot the Archer. Abaculi abadumile abanjengoChulpan Khamatova, u-Alexander Revva, uSergey Bezrukov noViktor Sukhorukov babambe iqhaza ekushayeni kwakhe amaphuzu.
Kusukela namhlanje, le ndaba isizuze isimo senganekwane. Eminyakeni eminingi yobuciko bakhe bokudala, uFilatov waba ngumbhali wemidlalo eminingi, kufaka phakathi i- "The Cuckoo Clock", "Stagecoach", "Martin Eden", "Once upon a Time in California" neminye eminingi.
Umbhali ushicilele izincwadi eziningana, ezifaka phakathi "Uthando Lwamawolintshi Amathathu", "iLysistrata", "Itiyetha kaLeonid Filatov" kanye "Nezingane Zebitch". Ngo-1998, wawina umklomelo waminyaka yonke kamagazini ka-Okthoba womdlalo wamahlaya uLysistrata.
Ngaleso sikhathi impilo kaFilatov yayisiwohloke kakhulu, kepha waqhubeka nokubhala. Kamuva imisebenzi yakhe yahlanganiswa neqoqo "Inhlonipho Yokuhlonipha".
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Unkosikazi wokuqala kaLeonid wayengumlingisi uLydia Savchenko. Kwakukhona idyll ephelele phakathi kwabashadile kuze kube yilapho indoda yathandana nomunye umlingisi - Nina Shatskaya, owayeshade noValery Zolotukhin.
Ekuqaleni, osebenza nabo babebukisisa, kepha kungekudala uthando lwabo lwe-plonic lwakhula lwaba uthando lwesivunguvungu. UNina noLeonid bahlangana ngasese iminyaka eyi-12 ende. Bahlukana izikhathi eziningana, kodwa baphinde baqala ubudlelwane futhi.
Isehlukaniso sabo bobabili besibuhlungu kakhulu. UFilatov wahlukana noLydia, wamshiya efulethini. Ngemuva kwalokho, washada noNina Shatskaya, owayazi naye injabulo yangempela yomndeni. Kuwo wonke umshado, uLeonid wayengenazo izingane.
Kodwa-ke, le ndoda yaphatha uDenis, indodana yomkakhe wokuqala, njengeyakhe. Wayala le nsizwa ukuthi ingene eVGIK, ngenkathi ikhokhela imfundo yayo. Kodwa-ke, uDenis kamuva wanquma ukuba ngumfundisi.
Ukufa
Ngo-1993, uLeonid Filatov wahlaselwa isifo sohlangothi, kwathi eminyakeni emine kamuva kwasuswa izinso zakhe. Ngalesi sizathu, waphoqeleka ukuthi achithe cishe iminyaka emi-2 kwi-hemodialysis - isisetshenziswa "sezinso zokufakelwa". Ekwindla ngo-1997, wafakelwa ukufakwa kwezinso ezinikelayo.
Ngobusuku bangaphambi kokushona kwakhe, le ndoda yabanjwa umkhuhlane, okwaholela ekwakhiweni kwe-pneumonia yamazwe amabili. Ngokushesha wayiswa egumbini labagula kakhulu, lapho ayesesimeni esibucayi khona. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyishumi zokwelashwa okungaphumelelanga, umlingisi wayengasekho. ULeonid Filatov ushone ngo-Okthoba 26, 2003 eneminyaka engama-56.
Izithombe zeFilatov