UGeorge Washington (1732-1799) - Isikhulu sezombusazwe saseMelika kanye nezombusazwe, uMongameli wokuqala waseMelika okhethwe kakhulu (1789-1797), ongomunye wabasunguli baseMelika, uMkhuzi Oyinhloko Wezempi Yamazwekazi, obambe iqhaza eMpini Yenkululeko kanye nomsunguli we-American Presidency Institute.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography yaseWashington, esizokhuluma ngayo kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, nayi i-biography emfushane kaGeorge Washington.
I-Biography yaseWashington
UGeorge Washington wazalwa ngoFebhuwari 22, 1732 eVirginia. Wakhulela emndenini womnikazi wezigqila ocebile nomtshali u-Augustine nonkosikazi wakhe uMary Ball, owayeyindodakazi yompristi waseNgilandi kanye no-lieutenant colonel.
Ubuntwana nentsha
UWashington Sr. unezingane ezine emshadweni owedlule noJane Butler, owashona ngo-1729. Ngemuva kwalokho, washada nentombazane egama linguMary, eyamzalela ezinye izingane eziyisithupha, owokuqala wabo waba ngumongameli wakusasa waseMelika.
Umama kaGeorge wayengowesifazane onzima futhi ongayekethisi owayenombono wakhe futhi engazange anqotshwe ithonya labanye abantu. Wayehlala njalo enamathela ezimisweni zakhe, kamuva ezathola njengefa izibulo lakhe.
Inhlekelele yokuqala ku-biography yaseWashington yenzeke eneminyaka engu-11, lapho ubaba wakhe edlula emhlabeni. Yonke ingcebo yakhe, equkethe amahektare omhlaba ayi-10 000 nezigqila ezingama-49, inhloko yomndeni ishiye izingane. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi uGeorge uthole ifa (amahektare angama-260), kufana nepulazi nezigqila eziyishumi.
Ngesikhathi eseyingane, iWashington yafundiselwa emakhaya ngokugxila kakhulu ekuzifundiseni. Lapho eselitholile ifa, wafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi ubugqila buphikisana nezindinganiso zobuntu nezokuziphatha, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye wabona ukuthi ukuqedwa kobugqila kwakungeke kusheshe kufike.
Ukwakheka kobuntu bukaGeorge kwaba nomthelela omkhulu kuLord Fairfax, owayengomunye wabanikazi bomhlaba abakhulu bangesikhathi sakhe. Usize le nsizwa ukuphatha ipulazi, waphinde wasiza ekwakheni umsebenzi wokuba ngumhloli wezomhlaba kanye nesikhulu.
Ngemuva kokushona kukamfowabo kaWashington eneminyaka engama-20, uGeorge wathola ifa laseMount Vernon nezigqila eziyi-18. Ngaleso sikhathi, i-biography, le nsizwa yaqala ukuthola ubungcweti bomhloli womhlaba, owaqala ukumlethela imali yakhe yokuqala.
Kamuva, uGeorge wahola esinye sezifunda zamasosha aseVirginia esikhundleni somphathi. Ngo-1753 wabelwa ukwenza umsebenzi onzima - ukuxwayisa amaFrance ngokungathandeki kobukhona bawo e-Ohio.
Kuthathe iWashington cishe izinyanga ezimbili nohhafu ukunqoba indlela eyingozi engama-800 km, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukuhambisana nomyalelo. Ngemuva kwalokho, wabamba iqhaza emkhankasweni wokubamba iFort Duquesne. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-vanguard yaseBrithani, eyalelwe nguGeorge, yakwazi ukuhlala kule nqaba.
Lokhu kunqoba kwaphela ukuphela kokubusa kweFrance e-Ohio. Ngasikhathi sinye, amaNdiya endawo avuma ukudlulela ohlangothini lomnqobi. Kubalulekile ukuthi wazi ukuthi izivumelwano zokuthula zasayinwa nazo zonke izizwe.
UGeorge Washington uqhubeke nokulwa namaFrance, eba ngumkhuzi webutho laseVirginia Provincial. Kodwa-ke, ngo-1758, iphoyisa elineminyaka engama-26 ubudala lanquma ukuthatha umhlalaphansi.
Ukulwa izimpi nokulwela izinhloso zakhe kwamqinisa uGeorge. Waba ngumuntu ozigcinayo futhi oziphethe kahle, owayezama njalo ukulawula isimo. Wayethembekile ezinkolweni zabantu abehlukene, kepha yena ngokwakhe wayengazibheki njengomuntu othanda inkolo ngokweqile.
Ezombusazwe
Ngemuva kokuthatha umhlalaphansi, iWashington yaba ngumnikazi wezigqila ophumelelayo. Ngasikhathi sinye, wakhombisa ukuba nentshisekelo enkulu kwezepolitiki. Ngesikhathi se-biography ka-1758-1774. le ndoda yaphakanyiswa kaningi ePhalamende Lezomthetho laseVirginia.
Njengomtshali omkhulu, uGeorge wafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi inqubomgomo yaseBrithani yayingeyona neze into enhle. Isifiso seziphathimandla zaseBrithani ukunqanda ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni kanye nokuhweba ezindaweni zamakholoni sagxekwa kakhulu.
Ngalesi sizathu nezinye, iWashington yasungula umphakathi eVirginia ukuthi udube yonke imikhiqizo yaseBrithani. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi uThomas Jefferson noPatrick Henry babesohlangothini lwakhe.
Le ndoda yenze konke okusemandleni ayo ukuvikela amalungelo amakoloni. Ngo-1769 wethula isixazululo esisalungiswa esinikeza ilungelo lokusungula intela kuphela emihlanganweni yezomthetho yezindawo zokuhlala kwamakoloni.
Ubushiqela beBrithani phezu kwamakholoni abuzange buvumele noma ikuphi ukuyekethisa noma ukubuyisana kutholakale. Lokhu kwaholela ekuxabaneni phakathi kwamakholoni namasosha aseBrithani. Mayelana nalokhu, iWashington yaqala ngamabomu ukugqoka iyunifomu, ibona ukungagwemeki kwekhefu ebudlelwaneni.
Impi yenkululeko
Ngo-1775, uGeorge wanikezwa umyalo we-Continental Army, eyayihlanganisa amabutho aseMelika. Wakwazi ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu ukwenza izigceme ziqondiswe futhi zilungiselelwe amasosha empi.
Ekuqaleni, iWashington yaqondisa ukuvinjezelwa kweBoston. Ngo-1776, amasosha avikela iNew York ngokusemandleni awo, kepha kwadingeka avume ukuhlaselwa abaseBrithani.
Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva, umphathi wamasosha akhe baziphindisela ezimpini ezaziseTrenton nasePrinceton. Ngentwasahlobo ka-1777, ukuvinjezelwa kweBoston nokho kwaphela empumelelweni yaseMelika.
Lokhu kunqoba kukhuphule isimilo seMikhosi Yezwekazi, kanye nokuzethemba. Lokhu kwalandelwa ukunqoba eSaratoga, ukuqothulwa kwamazwe asenkabeni, ukunikezelwa kwamaNgisi eYorktown, nokuphela kwempi yezempi eMelika.
Ngemuva kwezimpi ezisezingeni eliphezulu, izihlubuki zaqala ukungabaza ukuthi iCongress izobakhokhela umholo ngokubamba iqhaza empini. Ngenxa yalokho, banquma ukwenza inhloko yezwe, uGeorge Washington, owayejabulela igunya elikhulu nabo.
I-American Revolution yaphela ngokusemthethweni ngo-1783 lapho kuphethwa iSivumelwano Sokuthula SaseParis. Ngokushesha ngemuva kokusayinwa kwesivumelwano, umphathi-sikhulu wesula esikhundleni wathumela izincwadi kubaholi bezwe, lapho ancoma khona ukuthi baqinise uhulumeni omkhulu ukuvimbela ukuwa kombuso.
UMongameli Wokuqala wase-United States
Ngemuva kokuphela kwengxabano, uGeorge Washington ubuyele efeni lakhe, engakhohlwa ukuqapha isimo sezepolitiki ezweni. Ngokushesha wakhethwa njengenhloko yoMthethosisekelo wasePhiladelphia, owaqamba uMthethosisekelo omusha wase-US ngo-1787.
Okhethweni olulandelayo, iWashington yaqinisekisa ukwesekwa kwabavoti, ababemvotela ngazwi linye. Ngemuva kokuba ngumongameli wase-United States, wakhuthaza abantu bakubo ukuthi bahloniphe uMthethosisekelo futhi baphile ngokuvumelana nemithetho ebekwe kuwo.
Endlunkulu yakhe, uGeorge waqasha izikhulu ezifundile ezazifuna ukusebenzela izwe elihle. Ngokusebenzisana neCongress, akazange angenelele ezingxabanweni zezombusazwe zangaphakathi.
Ngesikhathi sakhe sesibili njengoMongameli, iWashington yethule uhlelo lokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni nezimali zaseMelika. Usindise i-United States ekubandakanyeni ezingxabanweni zase-Europe, waphinde wavimbela ukukhiqizwa kwemimoya e-distilled.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi inqubomgomo kaGeorge Washington yayihlala igxekwa yizixuku ezithile, kepha noma yimiphi imizamo yokungalaleli yacindezelwa ngokushesha nguhulumeni okhona manje. Ngemuva kokuphothulwa kwezikhathi ezi-2 zehhovisi, wanikezwa ithuba lokuthi abambe iqhaza okhethweni okwesithathu.
Kodwa-ke, lo sopolitiki wasenqaba leso siphakamiso, ngoba sasiphula uMthethosisekelo. Ngesikhathi sokubusa kombuso, uGeorge wabulahla ngokusemthethweni ubugqila ezweni, kepha, njengakuqala, waziphatha epulazini lakhe futhi wafuna izigqila ezaziphunyula kuzo ngezikhathi ezithile.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo ngukuthi sebebonke kwakukhona izigqila ezingaba ngu-400 ezazingaphansi kokubuswa yiWashington.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Lapho uGeorge eneminyaka engaba ngu-27 ubudala, washada nomfelokazi ocebile, uMartha Custis. Le ntombazane ibiphethe isithabathaba somuzi, izigqila ezingama-300 nezindawo ezingamahektare eziyi-17,000.
Umyeni ulahle ilobolo elinjalo ngokuhlakanipha okukhulu, wakwazi ukulenza libe ngesinye sezindawo ezicebe kakhulu eVirginia.
Emndenini waseWashington, izingane azikaze zivele. Lo mbhangqwana wakhulisa izingane zikaMartha, azalelwa yena emshadweni odlule.
Ukufa
UGeorge Washington ushone ngoDisemba 15, 1799 eneminyaka engama-67. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, wabanjwa imvula enkulu eyayineqhwa. Lapho ifika ekhaya, le ndoda yaqala ngokushesha ukudla kwasemini, yanquma ukungashintshi ibe yizingubo ezomile. Ngakusasa ekuseni, waqala ukukhwehlela ngamandla, wangabe esakwazi ukukhuluma.
Lowo owayengumongameli waba nomkhuhlane owaholela ekuphatheni i-pneumonia ne-laryngitis. Odokotela basebenzise ukopha kwegazi nokusetshenziswa kwe-mercury chloride, okwenza isimo sibe sibi kakhulu.
Ebona ukuthi uyafa, iWashington yaziyalela ukuthi ingcwatshwe ezinsukwini ezintathu kuphela emva kokushona kwayo, njengoba yayisaba ukungcwatshwa iphila. Wagcina umqondo ocacile waze wafa. Kamuva, inhlokodolobha yase-United States izobizwa ngegama lakhe, futhi isithombe sakhe sizovela kwisikweletu esingu- $ 1.
Isithombe nguGeorge Washington
Ngezansi ungabona izithombe ezithakazelisayo zezithombe zikaGeorge Washington. Nazi izikhathi ezithakazelisa kakhulu ezivela empilweni kamongameli wokuqala wase-United States, athunjwa ngabadwebi abahlukahlukene.
