IMoscow yidolobha lasendulo kakhulu, njengoba kufakazelwa ukuba khona kwezakhiwo eziningi ezindala ngaphakathi kwemingcele yayo kusukela ngekhulu le-12-16. Enye yazo igceke laseKrusitsy elinemigwaqo yalo eboshwe ngamatshe, izindlu zokhuni, amasonto e-chic. Kuphefumula nje umlando ocebile futhi kuvumela izivakashi ukuthi zingene emkhathini omangalisayo weNkathi Ephakathi.
Umlando wegceke laseKcutitsy
Ngokusho kwedatha esemthethweni, lokhu okuphawulekayo kwavela ngekhulu le-13. Bathi ngo-1272 iNkosana uDaniel waseMoscow wayala ukuthi kusungulwe isigodlo sezindela lapha. Kukhona nolunye ulwazi, ngokusho kwalo umqalisi wokwakha okuthiwa wayeyikhehla elithile laseByzantium - iBallaam. Lapho iGolden Horde ibusa endaweni yaseMuscovy, le ndawo yanikezwa njengegceke lababhishobhi basePodonsk naseSarsk.
NgeNkathi Ephakathi, umsebenzi wokwakha osebenzayo wenziwa lapha. Izakhiwo ezikhona zanezelwa ngamakamelo amadolobha amakhulu anezitezi ezimbili kanye ne-Assumption Cathedral. Kuze kube ngo-1920, izinsizakalo zazibanjwa lapha futhi kwakutholwa abahambeli abavela ezindaweni ezihlukene zezwe. Izikhathi eziningana amasonto aphangwa futhi ashiswa ngomlilo amaFulentshi nabasePoland. Ngemuva kokuphela kweNguquko ka-Okthoba, bayeka ukusebenza ngokuphelele, futhi konke okwakusezingeni elisalele kubo kwakhishwa.
Ngo-1921, ihostela lezempi lahlonyiswa e-Assumption Cathedral, kwathi eminyakeni engu-13 kamuva ladluliselwa esitokisini sezindlu. Amathuna amadala, atholakala endaweni yalesi sigodlo somnyuziyamu, agcwaliswa, futhi kwabekwa inkundla yebhola endaweni yayo. Kwakungemva kokuwa kweSoviet Union, ngo-1992, lapho iKrutitskoye Compound yathola khona isikhundla sokuba umnyuziyamu futhi yaqala futhi ukwamukela ama-pilgrim.
Incazelo yamabhilidi amakhulu
Igceke laseKrutitskoe lingezikhumbuzo zekhulu le-17. Lo mculo uhlanganisa okukhangayo okulandelayo:
- I-terem enamasango angcwele, okwathi ngezikhathi zobukhosi yalimala kabi ngomlilo futhi yaphinde yakhiwa kabusha. Isakhiwo sayo sihlotshiswe ngobukhazikhazi ngamathayili acwebezelayo, okwenza isakhiwo sibonakale sihle. Ngokweminye imibiko, ababhishobhi banikeze abampofu izipho ezisuka emawindini ale ndlu.
- Amakamelo eMetropolitan. Atholakala esakhiweni sezitini esinezitezi ezimbili. Umnyango ungena kuvulandi oseningizimu. Ihlanganiswe nezitebhisi ezinkulu ezinezitebhisi ezingaphezu kwekhulu, ama-balusters amhlophe e-ceramic nama-handrails. Ubukhulu bezindonga zalesi sakhiwo bungaphezu kwemitha. Ngesinye isikhathi, isitezi sokuqala sasihlala amakamelo okuhlala, izinsiza kanye namagceke ehhovisi.
- Umbono Cathedral. Lesi yisakhiwo esikhanya kakhulu futhi esibaluleke kunazo zonke eqoqweni legceke laseKcutitsky. Ukuphakama kwayo kungaphezu kwamamitha angama-20 futhi kuthweswe imiqhele yama-classic ayisihlanu, ahlotshaniswa noMsindisi. Okwakukusebenzele kwakuyizitini ezibomvu. Ngaphambi kwesango lomnyango wangaphambili kunezitebhisi ezimboziwe ezifihlwe ngemuva kwezinsika ezinkulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isakhiwo sihlangana nombhoshongo oqoshiwe. Ekhulwini le-19, izinsimbi ezinamandla zakhala lapha njalo. Izindonga zihlotshiswe ngemifanekiso emithathu ebekelwe umkhosi we-Baptism of the Lord, i-Annunciation of the Virgin kanye ne-Nativity of Christ. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, iziphambano ezindala ezenziwe ngokhuni zathathelwa indawo ngezihlobiso ezihonjisiwe, futhi izindlu zendlu yesonto elikhulu zazimbozwe ngethusi.
- Isonto Lovuko. Siqukethe izingqimba ezintathu zangaphansi, isitezi, isitezi sesibili nemibhoshongo eminingana eseceleni. Ama-metropolitans endawo ahlala ezingeni eliphansi. Kuze kube ngo-1812, izindonga zethempeli zazihlotshiswe ngemidwebo, okungekho lutho olusele ngemuva komlilo. Eminyakeni eminingana kamuva, ukudilizwa kwesakhiwo kwaqala, lapho ama-crypts abhujiswa kancane. Ngekhulu le-19, ukwakhiwa kabusha okuncane kwenzeka lapha. Okuheha kakhulu ama-niches amafasitela angenisiwe alungisiwe ngaphansi kwegalari. Lokhu kwenza iSonto Lovuko lifane neSigodlo Sezindela saseNovospassky.
- Izindinyana ezihlanganisiwe ezivela emakamelweni amadolobha amakhulu ziya e-Assumption Cathedral. Ubude bazo bucishe bube ngamamitha ayi-15. Zakhiwa eCompitsky Compound phakathi kuka-1693 no-1694. Umbono omuhle wepatio uyatholakala emafasiteleni ephaseji evulekile ende.
- I-Lower Peter ne-Paul Church. Isiphambano esinomfanekiso kaKristu sifakiwe emnyango waso. Isakhiwo uqobo sinezitezi ezimbili. Ngaphakathi, maphakathi nehholo elikhulu, kune-iconostasis evuselelwe enezithonjana eziningi zeNtombi uMariya nabanye abangcwele.
Izakhiwo ezizungezile nazo zinesithakazelo. Ngo-2008, igceke elingaphandle eduze kwe-Assumption Cathedral lakhiwa kabusha. Manje izivakashi zamukelwa ngemigwaqo enezintambo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi lwesakhiwo, isikwele simbozwe ngotshani nezihlahla, phakathi kwazo kunemigwaqo emincane ewumoya. Eduze kweqoqo elikhulu kunezindlu eziningana ezindala ezenziwe ngokhuni ezinezivalo nezibani ezijwayelekile zekhulu le-19.
Likuphi igceke?
Ungathola indawo eseKutitskoye eMoscow, kuleli kheli: st. I-Krutitskaya, indlu 13/1, inkomba - 109044. Lokhu kukhanga kutholakala eningizimu-mpumalanga yedolobha, osebeni lwesobunxele lomfula wegama elifanayo. Eduze nesiteshi sesitimela "Proletarskaya". Ukusuka lapho udinga ukuthatha ithilamu inombolo 35 kusukela ePaveletskaya stop noma ukuhamba ngezinyawo. Nakhu ukuthi ungafika kanjani lapho ngemizuzu engu-5-15! Inombolo yocingo yomnyuziyamu ithi (495) 676-30-93.
Imininingwane ewusizo
- Amahora okuvula: ukuvakasha akunakwenzeka ngezimpelasonto eziwela ngoLwesibili nangoMsombuluko wokuqala enyangeni. Ngezinye izinsuku, umnyango wensimu utholakala kusukela ngo-7 ekuseni kuya ku-8: 30 ntambama.
- Uhlelo lwezinsizakalo - isevisi yasekuseni iqala phakathi nezinsuku kusuka ngo-9: 00, nangezimpelasonto kusuka ngo-8: 00. Ngesikhathi seLent, kubanjwa izinkonzo ezimbili. Njalo kusihlwa ngo-17: 00 i-akathist yenziwa emathempelini.
- Ukungena egcekeni lobaba omkhulu kumahhala, kumahhala.
- Ungafika endaweni yesakhiwo semnyuziyamu ohlangothini lomugqa weKrititsky noma umgwaqo ofanayo.
- Ukubhema nokuphuza iziphuzo ezidakayo akuvunyelwe eduze kwamathempeli.
- Ukuthatha izithombe kuvunyelwe kuphela ngesivumelwano nabefundisi.
Insimu yegceke laseKrusitsky ayinkulu kakhulu, kungcono ukuyihlola kancane nangokuzimela. Ukuvakasha komuntu ngamunye noma kweqembu kungenzeka. Isikhathi saso cishe amahora angu-1.5. Ngalesi sikhathi, lo mhlahlandlela uzokutshela ngezinganekwane ezahlukahlukene ezihlobene nale ndawo, ngazo zonke izimfihlo zayo nezimfihlo zayo, nomlando onzima. Kuyadingeka ukuthi ubhalise ngaphambi kwesikhathi, kusasele izinsuku eziyi-1-2.
Amanye amaqiniso athakazelisayo
Igceke laseKrusitsy akuyona nje isikhumbuzo esingavamile sokwakha, kodwa futhi iyinto ebalulekile yamasiko. Isikole sangeSonto lama-Orthodox sisebenza e-Assumption Church, lapho izingane zifundiswa umthetho kaNkulunkulu. Abantu abakhubazekile, kubandakanya nabasebenzisa izihlalo zabakhubazekile, thola ukuqonda lapha. Njalo ngenyanga kubanjwa imihlangano yesihle lapha, ababambiqhaza bayo begadwe ngumeluleki womoya onomphela.
Impahla yamasonto asendaweni inesizotha; ukubukeka kwawo kwezakhiwo kubaluleke kakhulu. Okuwukuphela kwengqophamlando ebaluleke kakhulu ebhalansi leKhrititsky Compound yikhophi yesithonjana seFodorovskaya sikaMama kaNkulunkulu. Ezinye izinto eziphawulekayo zifaka umkhumbi onezinsalela zabanye abangcwele.
Njalo ngonyaka ngoSuku lukaSt. George (Great Martyr George the Victorious) scout parades abanjwa lapha. Futhi, ngoMgqibelo wokuqala noma wesibili kaSepthemba, usuku lwedolobha laseMoscow, abafundi kanye nentsha yama-Orthodox bahlangana emkhosini we "Found Generation". Amahlebezi athi kwesinye sezindlu zokugcina izidumbu, umholi wezinguquko odumile waseRussia uLavrenty Beria.
Sikukwazisa ukuthi ubheke eSistine Chapel.
Kungcono ukuvakashela i-Krutitskoye Compound phakathi nezinsuku, lapho cishe kungekho muntu khona. Ngale ndlela ungabhekisisa zonke izinto, uthathe izithombe ezicacile futhi ujabulele ubumfihlo.
