UHenry Ford (1863-1947) - Usomabhizinisi waseMelika, umnikazi wamafektri ezimoto emhlabeni wonke, umqambi, umbhali wamalungelo obunikazi angu-161 ase-US.
Ngesiqubulo esithi "imoto yawo wonke umuntu", isitshalo seFord sakhiqiza izimoto ezishibhile ekuqaleni kwenkathi yezimoto.
UFord ube ngowokuqala ukusebenzisa ibhande elihambayo lezimboni ukukhiqizwa kwe-inthanethi kwezimoto. IFord Motor Company iyaqhubeka ukuba khona nanamuhla.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography kaHenry Ford, esizokhuluma ngaye kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, nayi i-biography emfushane yeFord.
UHenry Ford biography
UHenry Ford wazalwa ngoJulayi 30, 1863, emndenini wabokufika base-Ireland ababehlala epulazini eliseduze naseDetroit.
Ngaphandle kukaHenry, emndenini kaWilliam Ford noMarie Lithogoth - uJane noMargaret, nabafana abathathu: uJohn, uWilliam noRobert bazalwa.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Abazali bezimboni zesikhathi esizayo babengabalimi abacebile kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kwakudingeka benze umzamo omkhulu wokulima insimu.
UHenry wayengafuni ukuba ngumlimi ngoba wayekholelwa ukuthi umuntu usebenzisa amandla amaningi kakhulu ekuphatheni ikhaya kunokuthola izithelo emsebenzini wakhe. Ngesikhathi esemncane, wayefunda esikoleni sesonto kuphela, yingakho isipelingi sakhe sasikhubazeke kakhulu futhi singenalo ulwazi oluningi lwendabuko.
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi ngokuzayo, lapho iFord yayivele ingumkhiqizi wezimoto ocebile, yayingakwazi ukwenza inkontileka efanele. Noma kunjalo, wayekholelwa ukuthi into esemqoka kumuntu akuyona ukufunda nokubhala, kodwa namandla okucabanga.
Lapho eneminyaka engu-12 ubudala, inhlekelele yokuqala yenzeke ku-biography kaHenry Ford - walahlekelwa ngumama. Bese, ngokokuqala ngqá empilweni yakhe, wabona iloli, ehamba ngenjini yesitimu.
Imoto yaletha leli bhungu enjabulweni engachazeki, ngemuva kwalokho lalilangazelela ukuxhuma impilo yalo nobuchwepheshe. Kodwa-ke, ubaba wayegxeka iphupho lendodana yakhe ngoba wayefuna ukuthi abe ngumlimi.
Lapho uFord eneminyaka engu-16 ubudala, wanquma ukubaleka ekhaya. Wahamba waya eDetroit, lapho afundela khona umsebenzi wokusebenzela ngomshini. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-4 umfana wabuyela ekhaya. Emini wayesiza abazali bakhe ngomsebenzi wasendlini, kuthi ebusuku aqambe okuthile.
Ebuka umzamo omkhulu owenziwe nguyise ukwenza lo msebenzi, uHenry wanquma ukwenza umsebenzi wakhe ube lula. Ngokuzimela wakha uphethiloli.
Ngokushesha, abanye abalimi abaningi bafuna ukuba nenqubo efanayo. Lokhu kwaholela ekutheni iFord ithengise ilungelo lobunikazi kuThomas Edison, futhi kamuva yaqala ukusebenzela inkampani yomqambi odumile.
Ibhizinisi
UHenry Ford wasebenzela u-Edison kusukela ngo-1891 kuya ku-1899. Ngalesi sikhathi se-biography yakhe, uqhubeke nokuzibandakanya ekwakhiweni kobuchwepheshe. Wazimisela ukwakha imoto ezokwazi ukubiza umuntu waseMelika ojwayelekile.
Ngo-1893 uHenry wahlanganisa imoto yakhe yokuqala. Ngenxa yokuthi u-Edison wayegxeka imboni yezimoto, uFord wanquma ukushiya inkampani yakhe. Kamuva waqala ukusebenzisana neDetroit Automobile Company, kepha akahlalanga isikhathi eside lapha.
Lo njiniyela osemusha wafuna ukwenza imoto yakhe ithandwe, ngenxa yalokho waqala ukugibela imigwaqo futhi wavela ezindaweni zomphakathi. Kodwa-ke, abaningi bamgcona nje, bembiza ngokuthi "ungenwe" kuBegley Street.
Noma kunjalo, uHenry Ford akazange adikibale futhi waqhubeka efuna izindlela zokusebenzisa imibono yakhe. Ngo-1902, wabamba iqhaza emijahweni, ekwazile ukufinyelela entanjeni ngokushesha kunompetha waseMelika obusayo. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi umsunguli wayengafuni kakhulu ukuwina lo mncintiswano, kodwa ukukhangisa ngemoto yakhe, ayizuza ngempela.
Ngonyaka olandelayo, uFord wavula inkampani yakhe, iFord Motor, lapho aqala khona ukukhiqiza izimoto zohlobo lweFord A. Wayesafuna ukwakha imoto ethembekile futhi eshibhile.
Ngenxa yalokhu, uHenry waba ngowokuqala ukusebenzisa ukuhambisa ekukhiqizeni izimoto - eguqula imboni yezimoto. Lokhu kuholele ekutheni inkampani yakhe ithathe isikhundla esiphambili embonini yezimoto. Ngenxa yokusebenzisa i-conveyor, ukuhlangana kwemishini kwaqala ukwenzeka ngokushesha okuningana.
Impumelelo yangempela yafika kwaFord ngo-1908 - ngokuqala kokukhiqizwa kwemoto "Ford-T". Le modeli yahlukaniswa ngentengo yayo elula, ethembekile futhi eshibhile, okuyilokho umsunguli ayekulwela. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi njalo ngonyaka izindleko ze "Ford-T" zaqhubeka zehla: uma ngo-1909 intengo yemoto yayingu- $ 850, kwathi ngo-1913 yehla yaba ngama- $ 550!
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, usomabhizinisi wakha isitshalo seHighland Park, lapho ukukhiqizwa komugqa womhlangano kwathatha khona isikali esikhudlwana. Lokhu kuqhubekele phambili kwasheshisa inqubo yomhlangano futhi kwathuthukisa ikhwalithi yayo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi uma ngaphambili imoto yomkhiqizo "T" yayihlanganiswe cishe emahoreni ayi-12, manje ngaphansi kwamahora amabili kwakwanele abasebenzi!
Ekhula ngokunotha ngokwengeziwe, uHenry Ford wathenga izimayini nezimayini zamalahle, futhi waqhubeka nokwakha amafektri amasha. Ngenxa yalokhu, wadala umbuso wonke owawungaxhomekeki kunoma yiziphi izinhlangano nokuhweba kwangaphandle.
Ngo-1914, izimboni zezimboni zazikhiqiza izimoto eziyizigidi eziyi-10, okwakuyi-10% yazo zonke izimoto emhlabeni. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi iFord ibilokhu ikhathalela izimo zokusebenza zabasebenzi, futhi ibuye inyuse njalo amaholo abasebenzi.
UHenry wethula umholo ophakeme kunayo yonke ezweni, u- $ 5 ngosuku, futhi wakha idolobha labasebenzi abayizibonelo. Ngokumangazayo, i- $ 5 "lenyuselwa umholo" yayihloselwe kuphela labo abayisebenzise ngokuhlakanipha. Uma isisebenzi, isibonelo, siphuza imali sihamba, wavele waxoshwa ebhizinisini.
UFord wethule usuku olulodwa ngeviki kanye neholide elilodwa elikhokhelwayo. Yize abasebenzi kwakudingeka basebenze kanzima futhi banamathele ekuqondisweni okuqinile, izimo ezinhle zaheha izinkulungwane zabantu, ngakho-ke usomabhizinisi akazange afune abasebenzi.
Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-1920, uHenry Ford wathengisa izimoto eziningi kunabo bonke abancintisana naye behlangene. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi ezimotweni eziyishumi ezithengiswa eMelika, eziyisikhombisa zakhiqizwa emafemini akhe. Kungakho kuleso sikhathi se-biography yakhe le ndoda yabizwa ngegama "inkosi yezimoto".
Kusukela ngo-1917, i-United States yabamba iqhaza eMpini Yezwe Yokuqala njengengxenye ye-Entente. Ngaleso sikhathi, amafemu akwaFord ayekhiqiza izifihla-buso zegesi, izigqoko zokuzivikela zamasosha, amathangi nemikhumbi-ngwenya.
Ngaso leso sikhathi, usomabhizinisi wathi akazukuthola mali ngokuchitheka kwegazi, wathembisa ukubuyisela yonke inzuzo kwisabelomali sezwe. Lesi senzo samukelwa ngentshiseko ngabaseMelika, okusize ukukhulisa igunya lakhe.
Ngemuva kokuphela kwempi, ukuthengiswa kwezimoto zakwaFord-T kwaqala ukwehla kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abantu babefuna izinhlobonhlobo abazinikwa ngumncintiswano, uGeneral Motors. Kwafika eqophelweni lokuthi ngo-1927 uHenry wayesengcupheni yokuqothuka.
Umsunguli wabona ukuthi kufanele enze imoto entsha ezoheha umthengi "owonakele". Kanye nendodana yakhe wethula umkhiqizo weFord-A, owawunomklamo okhangayo nezimpawu zobuchwepheshe ezithuthukisiwe. Ngenxa yalokho, imboni yezimoto iphinde yaba umholi ezimakethe zezimoto.
Emuva ngo-1925, uHenry Ford wavula iFord Airways. Imodeli ephumelele kakhulu phakathi kwama-liners kwakuyi-Ford Trimotor. Le ndiza yabagibeli yakhiqizwa ngonyaka we-1927-1933 futhi yasetshenziswa kwaze kwaba ngu-1989.
UFord wakhuthaza ukubambisana kwezomnotho neSoviet Union, yingakho ugandaganda wokuqala weSoviet wohlobo lweFordson-Putilovets (1923) wakhiqizwa ngesisekelo sogandaganda iFordson. Eminyakeni eyalandela, abasebenzi bakwaFord Motor banikela ekwakheni amafektri eMoscow naseGorky.
Ngo-1931, ngenxa yenkinga yezomnotho, imikhiqizo yakwaFord Motor yayincipha kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, abakwaFord baphoqeleka ukuthi bangagcini nje ngokuvala ezinye izimboni, kodwa futhi banciphisa namaholo ezisebenzi. Abasebenzi abebethukuthele bazama nokuhlasela ifektri iRouge, kepha amaphoyisa ahlakaza isixuku sisebenzisa izikhali.
UHenry wakwazi ukuthola indlela yokuphuma esimweni esinzima futhi ngenxa yengqondo entsha. Wethule imoto yezemidlalo i- "Ford V 8", ebingashesha ifike ku-130 km / h. Imoto yaduma kakhulu, eyavumela le ndoda ukuthi ibuyele kumanani okuthengisa angaphambilini.
Imibono yezepolitiki nokulwa nobuJuda
Kunezindawo eziningi ezimnyama ku-biography kaHenry Ford ezalahlwa abantu besikhathi sakhe. Ngakho-ke, ngo-1918 waba ngumnikazi wephephandaba iThe Dearborn Independent, lapho kwaqala khona ukukhishwa kwama-anti-Semitic eminyakeni embalwa eyalandela.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uchungechunge olukhulu lwezincwadi ezikulesi sihloko lwahlanganiswa lwaba yincwadi - "International Jewry". Njengoba isikhathi sizotshela, imibono nezikhalazo zeFord eziqukethwe kulo msebenzi zizosetshenziswa ngamaNazi.
Ngo-1921, le ncwadi yasolwa ngamakhulu abantu baseMelika abadumile, kuhlanganise nabongameli abathathu baseMelika. Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1920, uHenry wawavuma amaphutha akhe futhi waxolisa emphakathini emaphephandabeni.
Ngenkathi amaNazi eqala ukubusa eJalimane, eholwa ngu-Adolf Hitler, abakwaFord basebenzisana nabo, banikeza usizo lwezinto ezibonakalayo. Iqiniso elithandekayo ngukuthi endaweni yokuhlala yaseMunich kaHitler kwakukhona ngisho nesithombe sosomabhizinisi bezimoto.
Akumangalisi kangako ukuthi ngenkathi amaNazi engena eFrance, isitshalo i-Henry Ford, esasikhiqiza izimoto nezinjini zezindiza, sasisebenza ngempumelelo edolobheni lasePoissy kusukela ngo-1940.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Lapho uHenry Ford eneminyaka engu-24 ubudala, washada nentombazane egama linguClara Bryant, owayeyindodakazi yomlimi ojwayelekile. Lo mbhangqwana kamuva waba nendodana yabo okuwukuphela kwayo, u-Edsel.
Lo mbhangqwana waphila impilo ende futhi enenjabulo ndawonye. UBryant waseka futhi wakholwa kumyeni wakhe noma ehlekwa usulu. Lapho umsunguli evuma ukuthi angathanda ukuphila enye impilo uma uClara eseduze kwakhe.
Njengoba u-Edsel Ford ekhula, waba ngumongameli weFord Motor Company, ephethe lesi sikhundla phakathi ne-biography yakhe ngo-1919-1943. - kuze kube sekufeni kwakhe.
Ngokusho kwemithombo egunyaziwe, uHenry wayenguFreemason. IGrand Lodge yaseNew York iyakuqinisekisa ukuthi le ndoda ibiyilungu lePalestine Lodge No. 357. Kamuva yathola iziqu ezingama-33 zeScotland Rite.
Ukufa
Ngemuva kokushona kwendodana yakhe ngo-1943 ngenxa yomdlavuza wesisu, uHenry Ford osekhulile waphinde wayithatha le nkampani. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuguga kwakhe, kwakungelula ngaye ukuphatha umbuso omkhulu kangaka.
Ngenxa yalokhu, usomabhizinisi wanikeza umzukulu wakhe uHenry izintambo zikahulumeni, owenza umsebenzi oncomekayo wemisebenzi yakhe. UHenry Ford ushone ngo-Ephreli 7, 1947 eneminyaka engama-83. Imbangela yokufa kwakhe kwakuwukopha ebuchosheni.
Ngemuva kwakhe, umsunguli washiya umlando wakhe "Impilo yami, impumelelo yami", lapho echaze ngokuningiliziwe uhlelo lokuhleleka okuhle kwabasebenzi kulesi sitshalo. Imibono evezwe kulencwadi yamukelwe amafemu nezinhlangano eziningi.
Isithombe ngu-Henry Ford
