UVasily Osipovich Klyuchevsky (1841-1911) - Isazi-mlando saseRussia, uprofesa oqashiwe eMoscow University, uSolwazi Ohlonishwayo waseMoscow University; isifundiswa esijwayelekile se-Imperial St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences ngomlando waseRussia nezinto zakudala, usihlalo we-Imperial Society yomlando waseRussia nezinto zakudala eMoscow University, ikhansela le-privy.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography kaKlyuchevsky, esizokhuluma ngaye kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho i-biography emfushane kaVasily Klyuchevsky.
Biography Klyuchevskogo
UVasily Klyuchevsky wazalwa ngoJanuwari 16 (28), 1841 edolobhaneni laseVoskresenovka (esifundazweni sasePenza). Wakhula futhi wakhulela emkhayeni umpristi ompofu Osip Vasilevich. Isazi-mlando sasinodadewabo 2.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Lapho uVasily eneminyaka engaba ngu-9 ubudala, ubaba wakhe wabulawa kabuhlungu. Ebuyela ekhaya, inhloko yomndeni yawela ngaphansi kwezulu elinamandla. Amahhashi asatshiswa ukuduma kwezulu nombani agingqe inqola, ngemuva kwalokho le ndoda yaquleka yabe ishonela emfuleni wamanzi.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi nguVasily owaba ngowokuqala ukuthola ubaba oshonile. Umfana wethuka kakhulu kangangokuthi wahlushwa ukungingiza iminyaka eminingi.
Ngemuva kokulahlekelwa ngumondli, umndeni wakwaKlyuchevsky wahlala ePenza, waba ngaphansi kolawulo lwesifunda sendawo. Omunye wabangane bomufi u-Osip Vasilyevich wabanikeza indlu encane lapho kuhlala khona izintandane nomfelokazi.
UVasily wathola imfundo yakhe yamabanga aphansi esikoleni sobufundisi, kodwa ngenxa yokungingiza wayengakwazi ukulifunda ngokugcwele ikharikhulamu. Babefuna ngisho nokukhipha le nsizwa kuye ngenxa yokungakwazi kwakhe ukusebenza, kepha umama wakhe wakwazi ukulungisa konke.
Lona wesifazane wanxenxa omunye wabafundi ukuthi afunde nendodana yakhe. Ngenxa yalokho, uVasily Klyuchevsky wakwazi hhayi kuphela ukuqeda lesi sifo, kodwa futhi waba yisikhulumi esihle kakhulu. Ngemva kokuphothula ekolishi, wangena esikoleni sobufundisi.
UKlyuchevsky wayezoba ngumfundisi, njengoba ayesekelwa ubhishobhi. Kepha njengoba engafuni ukuhlanganisa impilo yakhe nenkonzo yokomoya, wanquma ukusebenzisa iqhinga.
UVasily ushiye phansi, ecaphuna "impilo engeyinhle". Eqinisweni, wayefuna nje ukuthola imfundo yomlando. Ngo-1861, le nsizwa yadlula ngempumelelo izivivinyo eMoscow University, ikhetha i-Faculty of History and Philology.
Umlando
Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-4 yokufunda eyunivesithi, uVasily Klyuchevsky wanikezwa ukuhlala emnyangweni wezomlando waseRussia ukulungiselela ubuprofesa. Wakhetha isihloko sethesisi yenkosi yakhe - "I-Old Russian Lives of Saints njengoMthombo Womlando."
Lo mfo wasebenza iminyaka engaba ngu-5. Ngalesi sikhathi, wafunda cishe izinkulungwane zemilando, waphinde waqhuba izifundo zesayensi eziyisithupha. Ngenxa yalokho, ngo-1871, isazi-mlando sakwazi ukuvikela ngokuzethemba futhi sathola ilungelo lokufundisa ezikhungweni zemfundo ephakeme.
Klyuchevsky ekuqaleni wasebenza e-Alexander Military School, lapho wafundisa umlando jikelele. Ngasikhathi sinye, wafundisa esikoleni semfundo ephakeme sendawo. Ngo-1879 waqala ukufundisa umlando waseRussia eyunivesithi yangakubo.
Njengesipikha esinethalente, uVasily Osipovich wayenempi enkulu yabalandeli. Izitshudeni zilayini ngokoqobo zilalela izinkulumo zesazi-mlando. Ezinkulumweni zakhe, ubalule amaqiniso athakazelisayo, wabuza imibono eseyikhona futhi waphendula ngobuchule imibuzo yabafundi.
Futhi ekilasini, uKlyuchevsky uchaze ngokucacile ababusi abahlukahlukene baseRussia. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi wayengowokuqala owaqala ukukhuluma ngamakhosi njengabantu abavamile abaphansi kobubi babantu.
Ngo-1882 uVasily Klyuchevsky wavikela iziqu zakhe zobudokotela "uBoyar Duma wase-Ancient Rus" futhi waba nguprofesa emanyuvesi amane. Esethole ukuthandwa okukhulu emphakathini, njengothisha ojulile womlando, uthisha, ngokuyalelwa ngu-Alexander III, wafundisa umlando jikelele endodaneni yakhe yesithathu uGeorge.
Ngaleso sikhathi, ama-biographies Klyuchevsky ashicilela imisebenzi eminingana yomlando ebucayi, kufaka phakathi i- "ruble yaseRussia 16-18 eminyaka. ebudlelwaneni bakhe nesikhathi samanje "(1884) kanye" Nomsuka weserfdom eRussia "(1885).
Ngo-1900 le ndoda yakhethwa njengelungu elihambisanayo le-Imperial Academy of Sciences. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, kwashicilelwa incwadi eyisisekelo kaVasily Klyuchevsky "The Course of Russian History", enezingxenye ezi-5. Kuthathe umbhali ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-30 ukudala lo msebenzi.
Ngo-1906 uprofesa washiya iTheological Academy, lapho asebenza khona iminyaka engama-36, naphezu kwemibhikisho yabafundi. Emva kwalokho, ufundisa eMoscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, lapho abasebenzi abaningi bezobuciko baba abafundi bakhe.
UVasily Osipovich ukhulise izazi-mlando eziningi ezihamba phambili, kufaka phakathi uValery Lyaskovsky, u-Alexander Khakhanov, u-Alexei Yakovlev, uYuri Gauthier nabanye.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1860, uKlyuchevsky wazama ukumangalela u-Anna Borodina, udadewabo womfundi wakhe, kepha intombazane ayiphindisanga. Kwathi kungalindelekile kuwo wonke umuntu, ngo-1869 washada nodadewabo ka-Anna omdala, u-Anisya.
Kulo mshado, kwazalwa umfana uBoris, owathola umlando nomthetho ngokuzayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umshana kaProfesa, u-Elizaveta Korneva, wakhuliswa njengendodakazi emndenini wakwaKlyuchevsky.
Ukufa
Ngo-1909, unkosikazi Klyuchevsky washona. U-Anisya wabuyiswa ekhaya evela esontweni, lapho waquleka khona futhi wafa ngobusuku obubodwa.
Le ndoda yahlupheka kanzima ngokushona komkayo, ayizange ilulame ekufeni kwayo. UVasily Klyuchevsky washona ngoMeyi 12 (25), 1911 eneminyaka engama-70, ngenxa yokugula isikhathi eside.
Izithombe zikaKlyuchevsky
