URomin Rolland (1866-1944) - Umbhali waseFrance, umbhali weprozi, umbhali wezindatshana, isazi somphakathi, umbhali wemidlalo yokudlala kanye nesazi somculo. Ilungu elihlonishwayo langaphandle le-USSR Academy of Sciences.
I-Laureate yeNobel Prize in Literature (1915): "Ngombono ophakeme wemisebenzi yezincwadi, uzwela nothando lweqiniso."
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography kaRomanin Rolland, esizokhuluma ngaye kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho kune-biography emfushane kaRolland.
Umlando we-Romain Rolland
URomanin Rolland wazalwa ngoJanuwari 29, 1866 esigodini saseFrance iClamecy. Wakhula futhi wakhulela emndenini wommeli olungisa izivumelwano. Kusuka kunina wathola ifa lomculo.
Ngesikhathi esemncane, u-Romain wafunda ukudlala upiyano. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi esikhathini esizayo, imisebenzi yakhe eminingi izonikelwa kuzindikimba zomculo. Lapho eneminyaka eyi-15, yena nabazali bakhe bathuthela eParis.
Enhlokodolobha, uRolland wangena eLyceum, wase eqhubeka nemfundo yakhe e-Ecole Normal High School. Ngemuva kokuphothula izifundo zakhe, lo mfana waya e-Italy, lapho afunda khona iminyaka emi-2 ubuciko obuhle, kanye nomsebenzi wabaculi abadumile base-Italy.
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi kuleli zwe u-Romain Rolland wahlangana nesazi sefilosofi uFriedrich Nietzsche. Lapho ebuyela ekhaya, wavikela umbhalo wakhe ngesihloko esithi “Umsuka we-opera house yanamuhla. Umlando we-opera eYurophu ngaphambi kukaLully noScarlatti. "
Ngenxa yalokhu, uRolland wanikezwa iziqu zikaprofesa womlando womculo, okwamvumela ukuba afundise emanyuvesi.
Izincwadi
U-Romain waqala ukubhala njengombhali wemidlalo, wabhala umdlalo i-Orsino ngo-1891. Ngokushesha washicilela imidlalo ethi Empedocles, Baglioni neNiobe, okwakungezasendulo. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi ayikho yalezi zinto eyashicilelwa ngesikhathi sokuphila komlobi.
Umsebenzi wokuqala kaRolland owashicilelwa kwaba yinhlekelele "Saint Louis", eyashicilelwa ngo-1897. Lo msebenzi, kanye nemidlalo yeshashalazi ethi "Aert" nethi "Isikhathi Sizofika", uzokwakha umjikelezo "Izinhlekelele Zokukholwa".
Ngo-1902, u-Romain washicilela iqoqo lama-eseyi athi "People's Theatre", lapho wethula khona imibono yakhe ngobuciko beshashalazi. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi wagxeka umsebenzi wababhali abanjengoShakespeare, Moliere, Schiller noGoethe.
Ngokusho kukaRomin Rolland, laba bantu bakudala abenzanga kangako ukulandela izifiso zoquqaba njengoba bebefuna ukujabulisa abantu abasezingeni eliphezulu. Ekugcineni, wabhala imisebenzi eminingana ekhombisa umoya wokuguqula abantu abajwayelekile kanye nesifiso sokuguqula umhlaba ube ngcono.
URolland wayengakhunjulwa kahle ngumphakathi njengombhali wemidlalo, ngoba emisebenzini yakhe kwakukhona ubuqhawe obungafanele. Ngalesi sizathu, uthathe isinqumo sokugxila ohlotsheni lwe-biography.
Kusukela esibayeni sombhali kwavela umsebenzi wokuqala omkhulu "The Life of Beethoven", owathi, kanye nemilando yomlando ethi "The Life of Michelangelo" kanye "The Life of Tolstoy" (1911), waqamba uchungechunge - "Life Lives". Ngeqoqo lakhe, wakhombisa umfundi ukuthi amaqhawe anamuhla aseyibo abaholi bezempi noma osopolitiki, kepha angabaculi.
Ngokusho kukaRomin Rolland, abantu abanobuciko bahlupheka kakhulu kunabantu abavamile. Kufanele babhekane nesizungu, ukungaqondi kahle, ubumpofu kanye nezifo ngenjabulo yokuthola ukuqashelwa emphakathini.
Ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yokuqala (1914-1918), lo mlisa wayeyilungu lezinhlangano ezahlukahlukene zaseYurophu ezazilwela ukulwa ukulwa. Ngasikhathi sinye, wasebenza kanzima kunoveli ethiwa nguJean-Christophe, ayibhala iminyaka eyi-8.
Kwakungenxa yalomsebenzi ukuthi uRolland waklonyeliswa ngeNobel Prize in Literature ngo-1915. Iqhawe lale noveli kwakungumculi waseJalimane owanqoba izivivinyo eziningi endleleni yakhe futhi wazama ukuthola ukuhlakanipha komhlaba. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi uBeethoven noRomin Rolland uqobo babeyizibonelo zomlingiswa oyinhloko.
“Uma ubona indoda, uzibuze ukuthi ngabe iyinoveli yini noma inkondlo? Kuhlale kubonakala kimi ukuthi uJean-Christophe ugeleza njengomfula. " Ngesisekelo salo mbono, wadala uhlobo "lomfula-inoveli", olwabelwa "uJean-Christophe", kwathi kamuva laya ku- "The Enchanted Soul".
Ngesikhathi impi ishubile, uRolland washicilela amaqoqo ambalwa alwa nempi - "Over the Battle" kanye "Forerunner", lapho egxeka khona noma yikuphi ukubonakaliswa kwempi yezempi. Wayengumsekeli wemibono kaMahatma Gandhi, owayeshumayela ngothando phakathi kwabantu futhi elwela ukuthula.
Ngo-1924, umbhali waqeda ukusebenza nge-biography kaGandhi, futhi ngemuva kweminyaka engaba yisithupha wakwazi ukwazi umNdiya odumile.
U-Romain wayenombono omuhle maqondana ne-Okthoba Revolution ka-1917, ngaphandle kwengcindezelo eyalandela kanye nombuso osunguliwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wakhuluma ngoJoseph Stalin njengomuntu omkhulu kunabo bonke esikhathini sethu.
Ngo-1935, umbhali weprozi wavakashela i-USSR ngesimemo sikaMaxim Gorky, lapho akwazi khona ukuhlangana nokukhuluma noStalin. Ngokwezikhumbuzo zabantu besikhathi sakhe, amadoda akhuluma ngempi nokuthula, nangezizathu zokucindezelwa.
Ngo-1939 u-Romain wethula umdlalo iRobespierre, afingqa ngawo indikimba yezinguquko. Lapha wazindla ngemiphumela yokwesaba, wabona konke ukungabi namakhono kwezinguquko. Ebambe iqhaza ekuqaleni kweMpi Yezwe II (1939-1945), waqhubeka nokusebenza emisebenzini yomlando womuntu.
Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, uRolland washicilela umsebenzi wakhe wokugcina, uPegy. Ngemuva kokushona komlobi, kwashicilelwa imemori yakhe, lapho kwacaca khona ukuthi uthando lwakhe lwesintu lalandelwa.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngomkakhe wokuqala, uClotilde Breal, uRomin waphila iminyaka engu-9. Lo mbhangqwana wanquma ukuhamba ngo-1901.
Ngo-1923, uRolland wathola incwadi evela kuMarie Cuvillier, lapho imbongi encane yayinikeza khona ukubukeza kukaJean-Christophe. Ukuxhumana okusebenzayo kwaqala phakathi kwabantu abasha, okwabasiza ukuba bahlakulele imizwa efanayo.
Ngenxa yalokho, ngo-1934 uRomin noMaria baba yindoda nomfazi. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi azikho izingane ezizalwe kule mpi.
Le ntombazane ibingumngani weqiniso futhi isekela umyeni wayo, ihlala naye kuze kube sekupheleni kwempilo yakhe. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi ngemuva kokushona komyeni wakhe, waphila eminye iminyaka engama-41!
Ukufa
Ngo-1940, idolobhana laseFrance iVezelay, lapho kwakuhlala khona uRolland, lathunjwa ngamaNazi. Ngaphandle kwezikhathi ezinzima, uqhubeke nokubhala. Ngaleso sikhathi, wagcwalisa imemori yakhe, futhi wakwazi ukuqeda i-biography kaBeethoven.
URomanin Rolland ushone ngoDisemba 30, 1944 eneminyaka engama-78. Imbangela yokufa kwakhe kwaba isifo sofuba esiqhubekayo.
Isithombe ngu-Romain Rolland
