UFrancois VI de La Rochefoucauld (1613-1680) - Umbhali waseFrance, imemo kanye nombhali wemisebenzi yefilosofi nokuziphatha okuhle. Kwakungowomndeni waseningizimu neFrance waseLa Rochefoucauld. Iqhawe Fronde.
Ngesikhathi sokuphila kukayise (kuze kube ngu-1650), uPrince de Marsillac wayephethe isihloko senhlonipho. Umzukulu kaFrançois de La Rochefoucauld owabulawa ngobusuku baseSt. Bartholomew.
Umphumela wokuhlangenwe nakho kokuphila kukaLa Rochefoucauld kwaba "amaMaxims" - iqoqo eliyingqayizivele lama-aphorism akha ikhodi ebalulekile yefilosofi yansuku zonke. AmaMaxims ayeyincwadi eyintandokazi yabantu abaningi abavelele, kufaka phakathi uLeo Tolstoy.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography kaLa Rochefoucauld, esizokhuluma ngayo kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho kune-biography emfushane kaFrançois de La Rochefoucauld.
Umlando weLa Rochefoucauld
UFrançois wazalwa ngo-Septhemba 15, 1613 eParis. Wakhulela emndenini kaDuke François 5 de La Rochefoucauld nomkakhe uGabriella du Plessis-Liancourt.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Ubuntwana bakhe uFrançois wachitha esigodlweni somndeni waseVerteil. Umndeni waseLa Rochefoucauld, lapho kwazalwa khona izingane eziyi-12, wawunemali encane kakhulu. Umbhali wesikhathi esizayo wafundiswa njengomuntu ohloniphekile wesikhathi sakhe, lapho ukunakwa okuyinhloko kwanikezwa ezindabeni zempi nokuzingela.
Noma kunjalo, ngenxa yokuzifundisa, uFrançois waba ngomunye wabantu abahlakaniphe kakhulu ezweni. Uvele okokuqala enkantolo eneminyaka engu-17. Ngokuqeqeshwa kahle kwezempi, wabamba iqhaza ezimpini eziningi.
ILa Rochefoucauld ibambe iqhaza empini eyaduma iminyaka engamashumi amathathu (1618-1648), eyathinta ngandlela thile cishe zonke izifundazwe zaseYurophu. Ngale ndlela, impi yamasosha yaqala njengokuxabana ngokwenkolo phakathi kwamaProthestani namaKhatholika, kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi yakhula yaba umzabalazo wokulwa nokubusa kwamaHabsburgs eYurophu.
UFrançois de La Rochefoucauld wayephikisana nenqubomgomo kaKhadinali Richelieu, bese kuba nguKhadinali Mazarin, esekela izenzo zeNdlovukazi u-Anne wase-Austria.
Ukubamba iqhaza ezimpini nasekudingisweni
Lapho le ndoda ineminyaka engaba ngu-30 ubudala, yaphathiswa isikhundla sokuba ngumbusi wesifundazwe sasePoitou. Ngesikhathi se-biography ka-1648-1653. ILa Rochefoucauld ibambe iqhaza enhlanganweni yeFronde - uchungechunge lwezinxushunxushu ezilwa nohulumeni eFrance, ezazimelela impi yombango.
Maphakathi no-1652, uFrançois, elwa nebutho lasebukhosini, walimala ebusweni futhi wacishe waphuphuthekiswa. Ngemuva kokungena kukaLouis XIV eParis ehlubukayo kanye ne-fiasco echotshozayo yamaFronde, umlobi wadingiselwa e-Angumua.
Ngenkathi esekudingisweni, uLa Rochefoucauld wakwazi ukwenza ngcono impilo yakhe. Lapho wayebandakanyeka ekugcineni indlu, kanye nokubhala okusebenzayo. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi kwakungaleso sikhathi se-biography yakhe lapho enza khona "Izikhumbuzo" zakhe ezidumile.
Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1650, uFrançois waxolelwa ngokuphelele, okwamvumela ukuthi abuyele eParis. Enhlokodolobha, izindaba zakhe zaqala ukuba ngcono. Ngokushesha, inkosi yamisa isazi sefilosofi impesheni enkulu, futhi yaphathisa amadodana akhe izikhundla eziphakeme.
Ngo-1659, uLa Rochefoucauld wethula isithombe sakhe sokubhala, lapho achaza khona izimfanelo eziyinhloko. Ukhulume ngaye njengomuntu odangele onqabile ukuhleka futhi ohlala ecabanga ngokujulile.
Futhi uFrançois de La Rochefoucauld uqaphele ukuthi wayenengqondo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, wayengenawo umbono ophakeme ngaye, kodwa washo iqiniso le-biography yakhe kuphela.
Izincwadi
Umsebenzi wokuqala omkhulu wombhali kwaba "Izikhumbuzo", okwathi, ngokusho kombhali, zazihloselwe kuphela abantu abasondelene, hhayi umphakathi. Lo msebenzi ungumthombo obalulekile kusukela esikhathini se-Fronde.
KwiMemoirs, uLa Rochefoucauld uchaze ngobuciko uchungechunge lwezehlakalo zepolitiki nezempi, ngenkathi elwela ukuba nenjongo. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi waze wancoma ezinye zezenzo zikaKhadinali Richelieu.
Noma kunjalo, udumo lomhlaba wonke lukaFrancois de La Rochefoucauld lulethwe ngama "Maxims" akhe, noma ngamagama alula ama-aphorism, abonisa ukuhlakanipha okusebenzayo. Uhlelo lokuqala lweqoqo lwashicilelwa ngaphandle kolwazi lomlobi ngo-1664 futhi lwaluqukethe ama-aphorism ayi-188.
Ngemuva konyaka, kwashicilelwa uhlelo lokuqala lombhali i- "Maxim", esivele inamazwi angama-317. Ngesikhathi sokuphila kukaLa Rochefoucauld, kwashicilelwa amanye amaqoqo ama-4, okugcina kwawo kwakunezibalo ezingaphezu kwama-500.
Indoda iyangabaza kakhulu ngemvelo yomuntu. I-aphorism yakhe eyinhloko: "Izimfanelo zethu ezinhle zivame ukufihlakala ngekhono."
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi uFrancois wabona ubugovu nokuphishekela izinhloso zobugovu enhliziyweni yazo zonke izenzo zabantu. Ezitatimendeni zakhe, waveza imikhuba emibi yabantu ngendlela eqondile futhi enobuthi, imvamisa esebenzisa ukuphoxeka.
Imibono kaLa Rochefoucauld ivezwe kahle ku-aphorism elandelayo: "Sonke sinokubekezela okwanele kobuKristu ukubekezelela ukuhlupheka kwabanye."
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngesiRussia "amaMaxims" womFulentshi avela kuphela ngekhulu le-18, ngenkathi umbhalo wabo wawungaphelele. Ngo-1908, amaqoqo kaLa Rochefoucauld ashicilelwa ngenxa yemizamo kaLeo Tolstoy. Ngendlela, isazi sefilosofi uFriedrich Nietzsche wakhuluma kakhulu ngomsebenzi wombhali, engathonyelwa nje kuphela izimiso zakhe zokuziphatha, kodwa nangendlela yakhe yokubhala.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
UFrançois de La Rochefoucauld washada no-Andre de Vivonne eneminyaka engu-14. Kulomshado, lo mbhangqwana wawunamadodakazi amathathu - uHenrietta, uFrançoise noMarie Catherine, namadodana amahlanu - uFrançois, uCharles, uHenri Achilles, uJean Baptiste no-Alexander.
Phakathi neminyaka yomlando wakhe siqu, uLa Rochefoucauld wayenabafazi abaningi. Isikhathi eside wayesebudlelwaneni noDuchess de Longueville, owayeshade neNkosana uHenry II.
Ngenxa yobudlelwano babo, kwazalwa indodana engekho emthethweni uCharles Paris de Longueville. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngokuzayo uzoba ngomunye wabazophikisana nesihlalo sobukhosi sasePoland.
Ukufa
UFrançois de La Rochefoucauld ushone ngoMashi 17, 1680 eneminyaka engama-66. Iminyaka yakhe yokugcina yokuphila yenziwa mnyama ngokushona kwendodana yakhe kanye nezifo.
Izithombe zeLa Rochefoucauld
