U-Eldar Alexandrovich Ryazanov (1927-2015) - Umqondisi wamafilimu waseSoviet naseRussia, umbhali wesikrini, umlingisi, imbongi, umbhali wemidlalo yokudlala, umethuli we-TV kanye nothisha. Umculi Wabantu we-USSR. Umklomelo We-State Prize we-USSR kanye noMklomelo Wombuso we-RSFSR kubo. abazalwane Vasiliev.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography kaRyazanov, esizokhuluma ngaye kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho i-biography emfushane ka-Eldar Ryazanov.
Umlando kaRyazanov
U-Eldar Ryazanov wazalwa ngoNovemba 18, 1927 eSamara. Wakhulela emndenini wabasebenzi beSoviet Trade Mission eTehran, u-Alexander Semenovich nomkakhe uSofia Mikhailovna, owayengumJuda.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Iminyaka yokuqala yokuphila kuka-Eldar yachitha eTehran, lapho kwakusebenza khona abazali bakhe. Emva kwalokho, umndeni wathuthela eMoscow. Enhlokodolobha, inhloko yomndeni wasebenza njengenhloko yomnyango iwayini.
Inhlekelele yokuqala ku-biography kaRyazanov yenzeke eneminyaka engu-3, lapho uyise nonina benquma ukuhlukanisa. Ngenxa yalokho, wahlala nonina, owaphinde washada unjiniyela uLev Kopp.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ubuhlobo obuhle baqala phakathi kuka-Eldar nobaba wakhe wesibili. Le ndoda yayimthanda indodana yakhe yokutholwa futhi yayimnakekela njengendodana yayo.
Ngokusho kukaRyazanov, cishe wayengakhumbuli uyise, owathi kamuva waqala umndeni omusha. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngo-1938 u-Alexander Semenovich wagwetshwa iminyaka engu-17, ngenxa yalokho impilo yakhe yaphela kabuhlungu.
Kusukela ebuntwaneni, u-Eldar wayekuthanda ukufunda izincwadi. Wayefisa ukuba ngumbhali, futhi ahambele amazwe ahlukene. Esethole isitifiketi, wathumela incwadi e-Odessa Naval School, efisa ukuba ngumatilosi.
Kodwa-ke, amaphupho ale nsizwa ayengahloselwe ukufezeka, njengoba kwaqala iMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe (1941-1945). Umndeni wabhekana nobunzima obuningi obudalwe yimpi nendlala. Ukuze ngikwazi ukuzondla ngandlela thile, bekufanele ngithengise noma ngishintshe izincwadi ngithole ukudla.
Ngemuva kokunqoba amaNazi, u-Eldar Ryazanov wangena ku-VGIK, lapho aphothula khona iziqu ngo-1950. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi uSergei Eisenstein uqobo, owayefundisa kulesi sikhungo, wabikezela ikusasa elihle lomfundi.
Amafilimu
Umlando wobuciko kaRyazanov waqala ngokushesha ngemuva kokuphothula i-VGIK. Cishe iminyaka emihlanu wasebenza e-Central Documentary Film Studio.
Ngo-1955, u-Eldar Alexandrovich wathola umsebenzi eMosfilm. Ngaleso sikhathi, wayesekwazile ukushutha amafilimu ama-2, futhi waphinde waba ngumqondisi obambisene namanye amafilimu amane. Ngawo lowo nyaka wayengomunye wabenzi bamafilimu omculo iSpring Voices.
Ngokushesha uRyazanov wethule amahlaya "Ubusuku beCarnival", owathola ukuthandwa okumangalisayo e-USSR. Umqondisi wayengalindelanga impumelelo enjalo, ngoba wayengakabi nalo ulwazi lokuqopha amafilimu amahlaya.
Ukuze lo msebenzi, u-Eldar Ryazanov uthole imiklomelo eminingi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, wasiza ukwambula ithalente nokwenza uLyudmila Gurchenko, uYuri Belov no-Igor Ilyinsky badume ngokumangalisayo.
Ngemuva kwalokho, le ndoda yethule ifilimu entsha ethi "Girl without an Address", nayo eyatholwa ngomdlandla yizethameli zaseSoviet.
Ngama-60s, amafilimu kaRyazanov aqhubeka nokuthandwa kakhulu. Abaningi babo baye baba zakudala cinema Russian. Ngaleso sikhathi, inkosi yenza amafilimu anjenge "The Hussar Ballad", "Qaphela Imoto" kanye "neZigzag of Fortune".
Eminyakeni eyishumi eyalandela, u-Eldar Ryazanov wenza amafilimu amaningi, aphumelela kakhulu. Ngo-1971, kwaqoshwa Abadala Abaphangi, lapho izindima ezinkulu zaya ku-Yuri Nikulin no-Evgeny Evstigneev.
Ngo-1975, kudlalwé ihlelo le-tragicomedy lenkolo ethi "Irony of Fate, noma Jabulela Ukugeza Kwakho!" Kwenzeka indawo, namuhla engenye yamafilimu athandwa kakhulu ngenkathi yeSoviet. Ngemuva kweminyaka emi-2 uRyazanov wadubula omunye wobuciko - "Office Romance".
U-Andrey Myagkov, u-Alisa Freindlikh, uLiya Akhedzhakova, u-Oleg Basilashvili nezinye izinkanyezi eziningi babambe iqhaza ekuqopheni le filimu. Namuhla, le filimu, njengakuqala, iqoqa izigidi zabantu abavela kumathelevishini abakujabulela ukuyibuka njengokungathi okokuqala ngqa.
Umsebenzi olandelayo kaRyazanov kwaba iGaraji elibuhlungu. Umqondisi uhlanganise abaculi abadume kakhulu abadlale ngobuciko amalungu e-cooperative yasegaraji. Wakwazi ukukhombisa ngokubonakalayo imikhuba emibi yabantu ebonakala kubantu ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile.
Eminyakeni yama-80s, izilaleli zaseSoviet zabona amafilimu alandelayo abhalwe nguRyazanov, phakathi kwawo adume kakhulu kwakungu- "Cruel Romance", "Station for Two" kanye "Forgotten Melody for Flute".
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi umbhali wamazwi amaningi kumafilimu womqondisi kwakungu-Eldar Aleksandrovich uqobo.
Ngo-1991, kwaboniswa iZulu Lesithembiso. Lo mdwebo uthole imiklomelo eminingi. Ngokukamagazini i- "Soviet Screen" yathathwa njengefilimu ehamba phambili ngalowo nyaka. Futhi "iZulu" laklonyeliswa ngo- "Nicky" esigabeni esithi "Best feature film", kwathi uRyazanov waqokwa njengomqondisi ohamba phambili.
Ekhulwini leminyaka elisha, le ndoda yethule amafilimu ayi-6, kuwo okugqame kakhulu ama- "Old Nags" ne- "Carnival Night - 2, noma iminyaka engama-50 kamuva."
Cishe kuyo yonke imisebenzi yakhe, umqondisi wadlala izinhlamvu ezithile, ezaba luphawu lwakhe.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Phakathi neminyaka yokuphila kwakhe siqu, u-Eldar Ryazanov wayeshade kathathu. Umkakhe wokuqala kwakunguZoya Fomina, naye owayesebenza njengomqondisi. Kule nyunyana, kwazalwa intombazane u-Olga, owaba yisazi sefilologist nomgxeki wefilimu ngokuzayo.
Ngemuva kwalokho, le ndoda yashada noNina Skuybina, owayesebenza njengomhleli eMosfilm. Wadlula emhlabeni ngesifo esibi futhi esingelapheki.
Ngokwesithathu, uRyazanov washada nentatheli nomlingisi u-Emma Abaidullina, ahlala naye kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kwempilo yakhe. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi u-Emma wayenamadodana amabili emshadweni odlule - u-Igor no-Oleg.
Ukufa
U-Eldar Alexandrovich Ryazanov ushone ngoNovemba 30, 2015 eneminyaka engu-88. Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe, impilo yakhe yasala ingathandeki. Ngo-2010 nango-2011, wahlinzwa inhliziyo.
Ngemuva kwalokho, inkosi yalaliswa esibhedlela izikhathi eziningana. Ngo-2014 wahlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo, okungenzeka saholela ku-edema yamaphaphu. Ngonyaka olandelayo waphuthunyiswa egumbini labagula kakhulu kwathi ngemuva kwezinsuku ezintathu wakhishwa ekhaya.
Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kwenyanga uRyazanov wayengasekho. Imbangela yokufa kwakhe kwaba ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo.
Izithombe zeRyazanov
