U-Ernest Rutherford

U-Ernest Rutherford, uBaron Rutherford wokuqala kaNelson (1871-1937) - Isazi sefilosofi saseBrithani esivela eNew Zealand. Waziwa ngokuthi "ngubaba" we-physics yenuzi. Umdali wemodeli yeplanethi ye-athomu. Ngo-1908 uNobel Prize Laureate eKhemistry

Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography ka-Ernest Rutherford, esizokhuluma ngaye kulesi sihloko.

Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho kune-biography emfushane kaRutherford.

Umlando kaRutherford

U-Ernest Rutherford wazalwa ngo-Agasti 30, 1871 edolobhaneni laseSpring Grove (eNew Zealand). Wakhuliswa futhi wakhulela emndenini womlimi, uJames Rutherford, nomkakhe, uMartha Thompson, owayesebenza njengothisha wesikole.

Ngaphezu kuka-Ernest, ezinye izingane eziyi-11 zazalwa emndenini kaRutherford.

Ubuntwana nentsha

Kusukela esemncane, u-Ernest wayehlukaniswa ilukuluku nokusebenza kanzima. Wayenenkumbulo emangalisayo futhi futhi eyingane enempilo futhi enamandla.

Usosayensi wakusasa waphothula iziqu zamabanga aphansi, ngemuva kwalokho wabhalisa eNelson College. Isikhungo sakhe esilandelayo semfundo kwakuyiCanterbury College, etholakala eChristchurch.

Ngalesi sikhathi se-biography yakhe, uRutherford wafundela kakhulu i-chemistry ne-physics.

Lapho eneminyaka engama-21, u-Ernest wathola umklomelo wokubhala umsebenzi ongcono kakhulu kwi-mathematics ne-physics. Ngo-1892 wanikezwa isihloko se-Master of Arts, ngemuva kwalokho waqala ukwenza ucwaningo lwesayensi nokuhlola.

Umsebenzi wokuqala kaRutherford wabizwa ngokuthi "i-Magnetisation yensimbi ekhishwa kakhulu." Ihlole ukusebenza kwamagagasi omsakazo aphakeme kakhulu.

Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi u-Ernest Rutherford wayengowokuqala ukuhlanganisa umsakazo, ngaphambi komdali wawo osemthethweni uMarconi. Le divayisi ibe ngumtshina wokuqala kazibuthe emhlabeni.

Esebenzisa umtshina, uRutherford wakwazi ukuthola izimpawu ezazinikezwa ngozakwabo, ababevela kuye ebangeni elingaba yikhilomitha.

Ngo-1895, u-Ernest wanikezwa isibonelelo sokufunda eGreat Britain. Ngenxa yalokho, waba nenhlanhla yokuhambela eNgilandi futhi asebenze eCavendish Laboratory eCambridge University.

Umsebenzi weSayensi

EBrithani, i-biography yesayensi ka-Ernest Rutherford yathuthuka futhi ngangokunokwenzeka.

Eyunivesithi, usosayensi waba umfundi wokuqala wobudokotela we-rector yayo uJoseph Thomson. Ngalesi sikhathi, le nsizwa yayicwaninga nge-ionization yamagesi ngaphansi kwethonya le-X-ray.

Lapho eneminyaka engu-27 ubudala, uRutherford waba nentshisekelo yokufunda ngemisebe ye-uranium enemisebe - "Imisebe ye-Becquerel". Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi uPierre noMarie Curie nabo bahlola naye ngemisebe enemisebe.

Kamuva, u-Ernest waqala ukucwaninga ngokujulile ngesiqingatha sempilo, esalungisa izici zezinto, ngaleyo ndlela wavula inqubo yengxenye yokuphila.

Ngo-1898 uRutherford waya kosebenza eMcGill University eMontreal. Lapho, waqala ukusebenza eduze nesazi semisebe yama-radiology saseNgilandi uFrederick Soddy, ngaleso sikhathi owayengumsizi we-laboratory elula emnyangweni wamakhemikhali.

Ngo-1903, u-Ernest noFrederick baletha emhlabeni wezesayensi umqondo wokuguqula izinguquko mayelana nokuguqulwa kwezinto ezenzeka lapho kubola imisebe. Ngokushesha futhi basungula imithetho yenguquko.

Kamuva, imibono yabo yanezelwa nguDmitry Mendeleev esebenzisa uhlelo lwesikhathi. Ngakho-ke, kwacaca ukuthi izakhiwo zamakhemikhali zento zincike ekukhokhweni kwe-nucleus ye-athomu yayo.

Ngesikhathi se-biography ka-1904-1905. URutherford ushicilele imisebenzi emibili - "i-Radioactivity" kanye "Nezinguquko zemisebe".

Emisebenzini yakhe, usosayensi waphetha ngokuthi ama-athomu angumthombo wemisebe enemisebe. Wenza ucwaningo oluningi kucwecwe lwegolide oluguqukayo olunezinhlayiya ze-alpha, ebuka ukugeleza kwezinhlayiyana.

U-Ernest Rutherford wayengowokuqala ukubeka phambili umbono wesakhiwo se-athomu. Uphakamise ukuthi i-athomu inesimo sedonsi elinenkokhelo enhle, enama-electron akhokhiswe kabi ngaphakathi kuyo.

Kamuva, isazi semvelo senza imodeli yeplanethi ye-athomu. Kodwa-ke, le modeli iphikisana nemithetho ye-electrodynamics ekhishwe nguJames Maxwell noMichael Faraday.

Ososayensi bakwazile ukufakazela ukuthi inkokhelo esheshisiwe incishwa amandla ngenxa yemisebe kagesi kagesi. Ngalesi sizathu, uRutherford kwadingeka aqhubeke nokucwenga imibono yakhe.

Ngo-1907 u-Ernest Rutherford wahlala eManchester, lapho athola khona umsebenzi e-University of Victoria. Ngonyaka olandelayo, wasungula ikhawunta yezinhlayiyana ze-alpha noHans Geiger.

Kamuva, uRutherford waqala ukusebenzisana noNiels Bohr, owayengumbhali we-quantum theory. I-physicists ifinyelele esiphethweni sokuthi ama-electron ahamba ezungeza i-nucleus ku-orbit.

Imodeli yabo yokuqhekeka kwe-athomu kwaba intuthuko kwezesayensi, okwenza wonke umphakathi wesayense waphinde wacabanga ngemibono yawo ngendaba nokunyakaza.

Lapho eneminyaka engama-48, u-Ernest Rutherford waba uprofesa e-University of Cambridge. Ngaleso sikhathi ku-biography yakhe, wayejabulela udumo olukhulu emphakathini futhi wayenemiklomelo eminingi ehlonishwayo.

Ngo-1931 uRutherford wanikezwa isihloko seBaron. Ngaleso sikhathi wabeka ucwaningo ekwehlukaneni kwe-nucleus ye-athomu nasekuguqulweni kwezakhi zamakhemikhali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uphenye ubudlelwano phakathi kwesisindo namandla.

Impilo yomuntu siqu

Ngo-1895, kwenziwa isivumelwano phakathi kuka-Ernest Rutherford noMary Newton. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi le ntombazane kwakuyindodakazi yendlovukazi yendawo yokuhlala, lapho i-physicist yayihlala khona ngaleso sikhathi.

Abantu abasha bashada eminyakeni emihlanu kamuva. Ngokushesha lo mbhangqwana waba nendodakazi yabo okuwukuphela kwayo, abayiqamba ngokuthi u-Eileen Mary.

Ukufa

U-Ernest Rutherford ushone ngo-Okthoba 19, 1937, ezinsukwini ezine ngemuva kokuhlinzwa okuphuthumayo ngenxa yesifo ebesingalindelekile - i-hernia eklinyiwe. Ngesikhathi sokufa kwakhe, usosayensi omkhulu wayeneminyaka engama-66 ubudala.

URutherford wangcwatshwa ngezihlonipho ezigcwele eWestminster Abbey. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi wangcwatshwa eduze kwamathuna aseNewton, Darwin naseFaraday.