U-Erich Fromm

U-Erich Seligmann Fromm - Isazi sezenhlalo saseJalimane, isazi sefilosofi, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo, i-psychoanalyst, omele iSikole saseFrankfurt, ongomunye wabasunguli beNeo-Freudianism neFreudomarxism. Yonke impilo yakhe wanikela ekutadisheni kokuqonda okungafaniyo nokuqonda ukuphikisana kobukhona bomuntu emhlabeni.

Ku-biography ka-Erich Fromm, kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo avela empilweni yakhe yangasese neyesayensi.

Sikulethela ukunakwa nge-biography emfushane ka-Erich Fromm.

Umlando ka-Erich Fromm

U-Erich Fromm wazalwa ngoMashi 23, 1900 eFrankfurt am Main. Wakhula futhi wakhulela emkhayeni wamaJuda ayezinikele.

Uyise, uNaftali Fromm, wayengumnikazi wesitolo sewayini. Umama, uRosa Krause, wayeyindodakazi yabokufika abavela ePoznan (ngaleso sikhathi iPrussia).

Ubuntwana nentsha

U-Erich waya esikoleni, lapho, ngaphezu kwezifundo zendabuko, izingane zazifundiswa izisekelo zemfundiso nezisekelo zenkolo.

Wonke amalungu omndeni alandele imithetho eyisisekelo ehambisana nenkolo. Abazali babefuna indodana yabo okuwukuphela kwayo ibe urabi ngokuzayo.

Ngemuva kokuthola isitifiketi sesikole, le nsizwa yangena eNyuvesi yaseHeidelberg.

Eminyakeni engu-22 ubudala, uFromm wavikela iziqu zakhe zobudokotela, ngemuva kwalokho waqhubeka nezifundo zakhe eJalimane, e-Institute of Psychoanalytics.

Ifilosofi

Maphakathi nawo-1920, u-Erich Fromm waba yingqondo yezengqondo. Ngokushesha waqala ukwenza imfihlo, okwaqhubeka iminyaka engama-35.

Kuyo yonke iminyaka yomlando wakhe, u-Fromm ukwazile ukuxhumana nezinkulungwane zeziguli, ezama ukungena nokuqonda ukuqonda kwabo okungazi lutho.

Udokotela wakwazi ukuqoqa izinto eziningi eziwusizo ezamvumela ukuthi afunde ngokuningiliziwe izici zebhayoloji nezenhlalo zokwakheka kwengqondo yomuntu.

Esikhathini 1929-1935. U-Erich Fromm wayebandakanyeka ocwaningweni nasekuhlukanisweni kokubona kwakhe. Ngasikhathi sinye wabhala imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala, ekhuluma ngezindlela nemisebenzi yokusebenza kwengqondo.

Ngo-1933, ngesikhathi amaNational Socialists engena embusweni, eholwa ngu-Adolf Hitler, u-Erich waphoqeleka ukuba abalekele eSwitzerland. Ngemuva konyaka, wanquma ukushiya e-United States.

Lapho eseMelika, le ndoda yafundisa i-psychology kanye nezenhlalo eColumbia University.

Ngokushesha ngemva kokuphela kweMpi Yezwe II (1939-1945), isazi sefilosofi saba umsunguli weWilliam White Institute of Psychiatry.

Ngo-1950, u-Erich waya eMexico City, lapho afundisa khona eNational Autonomous University iminyaka engu-15. Ngalesi sikhathi se-biography yakhe, washicilela incwadi ethi "Healthy Life", lapho egxeka obala ubukhapitali.

Umsebenzi we-psychoanalyst ube yimpumelelo enkulu. Umsebenzi wakhe "Ukuphunyuka Enkululekweni" waba ngumthengisi othengisa kakhulu. Kuyo, umbhali ukhulume ngezinguquko kwi-psyche nasekuziphatheni komuntu ezimweni zesiko laseNtshonalanga.

Incwadi ibuye yanaka isikhathi seNguquko kanye nemibono yezazi zenkolo - uJohn Calvin noMartin Luther.

Ngo-1947 uFromm washicilela enye inkondlo elandelwayo ethi "Indiza", wayibiza ngokuthi "Indoda Ngokwakhe." Kulo msebenzi, umbhali wakha umbono wokuzihlukanisa komuntu emhlabeni ngamagugu aseNtshonalanga.

Maphakathi nawo-50s, u-Erich Fromm waba nesithakazelo esihlokweni sobudlelwano phakathi komphakathi nabantu. Isazi sefilosofi safuna "ukuvumelanisa" imibono ephikisayo kaSigmund Freud noKarl Marx. Owokuqala wagomela ukuthi umuntu unobuntu ngokwemvelo, kanti owesibili ubize umuntu "ngesilwane senhlalo."

Efunda ngokuziphatha kwabantu abavela ezigabeni ezahlukahlukene zenhlalo futhi behlala ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene, uFromm wabona ukuthi amaphesenti amancane kakhulu abantu abazibulalayo ayenzeka emazweni ampofu.

I-psychoanalyst ichaze ukusakazwa komsakazo, ithelevishini, imibuthano kanye neminye imicimbi yobuningi ngokuthi "imizila yokubalekela" ezinkingeni zemizwa, futhi uma "izinzuzo" ezinjalo zithathwa kumuntu waseNtshonalanga inyanga eyodwa, khona-ke ngamathuba amakhulu kungenzeka ukuthi atholakale ene-neurosis.

Eminyakeni yama-60s, incwadi entsha, Umphefumulo Womuntu, yanyatheliswa ngosiba luka-Erich Fromm. Kuyo, wakhuluma ngemvelo yobubi nokubonakaliswa kwabo.

Umlobi uphethe ngokuthi udlame luwumphumela wesifiso sokubuswa, nokuthi usongo alunabo abadabukisi nabangenangqondo njengabantu abavamile, abanazo zonke izixhumi zamandla.

Ngama-70s Fromm washicilela umsebenzi "Anatomy of Human Destructionness", lapho aphakamisa khona isihloko semvelo yokuzilimaza komuntu.

Impilo yomuntu siqu

U-Erich Fromm ukhombise intshisekelo kubantu besifazane abavuthiwe, echaza lokhu ngokushoda kothando lomama ebuntwaneni.

Unkosikazi wokuqala waseJalimane oneminyaka engu-26 kwakunguzakwabo uFrieda Reichmann, owayemdala ngeminyaka eyishumi kunomuntu amkhethile. Lo mshado uthathe iminyaka engu-4.

UFrida wathonya kakhulu ukwakheka komyeni wakhe kumlando wakhe wesayensi. Ngisho nangemva kokwehlukana, baqhubeka nobudlelwano obufudumele nobungane.

U-Erich wabe eseqala ukuthandana nomcwaningi wezifo zengqondo uKaren Horney. Ukwazana kwabo kwenzeka eBerlin, futhi baba nemizwa yangempela ngemuva kokuthuthela e-USA.

UKaren wamfundisa isimiso se-psychoanalysis, naye wamsiza wafunda izisekelo zesayensi yezenhlalo. Futhi yize ubudlelwano babo bungapheli emshadweni, basizana emkhakheni wesayensi.

Unkosikazi wesibili ka-Fromm oneminyaka engu-40 ubudala wayengumlobi wezindaba uHenny Gurland, owayemdala ngeminyaka eyi-10 kunomyeni wakhe. Owesifazane ubenenkinga enkulu eqolo.

Ukunciphisa ukuhlukunyezwa kombhangqwana othandekayo, ngokuncoma kodokotela, wathuthela eMexico City. Ukushona kukaHenny ngo-1952 kwaba yigalelo ku-Erich.

Ngalesi sikhathi se-biography yakhe, u-Fromm waba nentshisekelo yemfihlakalo kanye ne-Zen Buddhism.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, usosayensi wahlangana no-Annis Freeman, owamsiza ukuba asinde ekulahlekelweni ngumkakhe ongasekho. Bahlala ndawonye iminyaka engama-27, kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwesazi sokusebenza kwengqondo.

Ukufa

Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-60s, u-Erich Fromm wahlaselwa isifo senhliziyo sokuqala. Ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa wathuthela esigodini saseSwitzerland iMuralto, lapho aqedela khona incwadi yakhe esihloko sithi "To Have and To Be."