UGrigory Grigorievich Orlov - UGeneral Feldzheikhmeister, oyintandokazi kaCatherine II, owesibili wabazalwane base-Orlov, umakhi wezigodlo zaseGatchina neMarble. Ukusuka kuye uMbusi wazala indodana engekho emthethweni ka-Alexei, ukhokho womndeni kaBobrinsky.
I-biography kaGrigory Orlov igcwele amaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ahlobene nenkantolo ye-Empress kanye nempumelelo yomuntu siqu yesikhulu.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho kune-biography emfushane kaGrigory Orlov.
Umlando kaGrigory Orlov
UGrigory Orlov wazalwa ngo-Okthoba 6 (17), 1734 edolobhaneni laseLyutkino, esifundazweni saseTver. Wakhula futhi wakhulela emndenini weKhansela likaHulumeni uGrigory Ivanovich nomkakhe uLukerya Ivanovna.
Ngaphezu kukaGregory, umndeni wakwa-Orlov wazalwa ngabafana abahlanu, omunye wabo owafa esewusana.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Bonke ubuntwana bukaGrigory Orlov bachitha eMoscow. Imfundo yakhe yamabanga aphansi wayithola ekhaya, kepha amakhono akhethekile wesayensi wayengenawo. Kodwa-ke, wayehlukaniswa ngobuhle, amandla nesibindi.
Lapho u-Orlov eneminyaka engu-15 ubudala, wabhaliswa ebuthweni leSemyonovsky, lapho aqala khona inkonzo yakhe ngezinga elizimele. Lapha umfana wakhonza iminyaka engu-8, ethola isikhundla sesikhulu. Ngo-1757, kanye nozakwabo, wathunyelwa empini yeminyaka eyisikhombisa.
Umbutho wezempi
Empini, u-Orlov wazibonakalisa ehlangothini oluhle. Wayenamandla amangalisayo, ukubukeka okuhle, ubude obude nobuqhawe. Ku-biography kaGregory kunecala elithandekayo lapho efakazela isibindi sakhe ekusebenzeni.
Njengoba ethola amanxeba ama-3 empini yaseZorndorf, iqhawe lenqaba ukushiya enkundleni yempi. Ngenxa yalokhu, wadonsa ukunakwa kwezikhulu futhi wazakhela udumo njengesosha elingesabi.
Ngo-1759, uGrigory Orlov wayalwa ukuba ahambise eSt. Petersburg isiboshwa esidumile - uCount Schwerin, owayesebenza njengomsizi wekamu ngaphansi kweNkosi yasePrussia. Ngemuva kokuphothula isabelo, leli phoyisa lahlangana noGeneral Feldzheikhmeister Pyotr Shuvalov, owamyisa kumsekeli wakhe.
UGregory waqala ukusebenza konogada kanye nabafowabo. U-Orlovs wayevame ukuphazamisa ukuhleleka, ahlele amaphathi okuphuza anomsindo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abazalwane babenedumela elithi "Don Juan", bengesabi ukungena ebudlelwaneni nabesifazane abavela emphakathini ophakeme. Isibonelo, uGrigory waqala ukuthandana nentandokazi ka-Count Shuvalov - i-Princess Kurakina.
Intandokazi
Lapho uShuvalov ezwa ngobudlelwano buka-Orlov noKurakina, wayala ukuthumela iqhawe elingabongi ebuthweni le-grenadier. Yilapho lapho uKumkanikazi wesibili uCatherine II aqaphela khona uGregory ohloniphekile.
Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, izenzakalo eziningi ezibalulekile zaqala ukwenzeka ku-biography kaGrigory Orlov, intandokazi ye-Empress. Ngokushesha, uCatherine wakhulelwa u-Orlov futhi wazala umfana, u-Alexei, owathola igama elithi Bobrinsky kamuva.
UGrigory Grigorievich, kanye nabafowabo, banikeze usizo olukhulu ku-Empress emzabalazweni wobukhosi. Bamsiza ukukhipha umyeni wakhe uPeter 3, naye owayefuna ukuthumela umkakhe esigodlweni sezindela.
Abazalwane bakwa-Orlov bakhonza ngokwethembeka indlovukazi futhi ngoba babecabanga ukuthi uPetru uyimbuka ezweni lakubo, evikela kakhulu izintshisekelo zePrussia kuneRussia.
Ngesikhathi sokugumbuqelwa kombuso esigodlweni okwenzeka ngo-1762, abakwa-Orlov bakwazi ukukholisa amasosha ayemathintanyawo ukuba athathe uhlangothi lukaCatherine. Ngenxa yalokhu, iningi lamasosha lafunga ukuthembeka endlovukazi, okwaholela ekutheni uPetru 3 aketulwe esihlalweni sobukhosi.
Ngokusho kwenguqulo esemthethweni, uPeter wabulawa yi-hemorrhoidal colic, kodwa kunombono wokuthi waklinywa ngu-Alexei Orlov.
Abazalwane baka-Orlov bathola amalungelo amaningi ku-Catherine Omkhulu, owayebabonga ngakho konke abakwenzela yena.
UGregory wathola isikhundla sokuba umphathi omkhulu jikelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, waklonyeliswa nge-Order of St. Alexander Nevsky.
Kwaphela isikhathi esithile, u-Gregory Orlov wayeyintandokazi enkulu ye-Empress, kodwa ngokushesha konke kwashintsha. Njengoba wayengenangqondo enkulu futhi engazi kahle izindaba zombuso, le ndoda yayingakwazi ukuba yisandla sokudla sendlovukazi.
Kamuva Grigory Potemkin waba intandokazi yale ndlovukazi. Ngokungafani no-Orlov, wayenengqondo ecashile, enokuqonda futhi anganikeza izeluleko ezibalulekile. Noma kunjalo, ngokuzayo uGrigory Orlov usazonikeza uCatherine umsebenzi omkhulu.
Ngo-1771, lowo owayeyintandokazi wathunyelwa eMoscow, lapho lesi sifo sasinamandla khona. Ngenxa yalesi nezinye izizathu, kwaqala iziyaluyalu emzini, okuyinto Orlov wakwazi ukucindezela ngempumelelo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhulu sithathe izinyathelo eziphumelelayo ukuqeda lesi sifo. Wasebenza ngokushesha, ngokucacile nangokucabanga, ngenxa yalokho kwaxazululwa zonke izinkinga.
Ebuyela eSt. Petersburg, uGrigory Orlov wathola izindumiso eziningi evela ku-tsarina, kanye nemiklomelo nemivuzo. ETsarskoe Selo, kwafakwa isango elinombhalo othi: "Ama-Orlovs asindise iMoscow enkingeni."
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Izazi-mlando eziningi zikholelwa ukuthi uGrigory Orlov wakwazi ukwazi uthando lweqiniso ngasekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe. Lapho uCatherine Omkhulu elahlekelwa isithakazelo ayithandayo, wamthumela kwesinye sezindawo zakhe zikanokusho.
Kamuva kwaziwa ukuthi u-Orlov washada nomzala wakhe oneminyaka engu-18 ubudala u-Ekaterina Zinovieva. Lezi zindaba zidale ukusabela okunodlame emphakathini. Abamele isonto bayigxekile le nyunyana, ngoba yaphothulwa phakathi kwezihlobo eziseduze.
Le ndaba yayingase iphele kabuhlungu kubo bobabili abashadikazi, kepha indlovukazi, ikhumbula ubuhle obudlule bukaGregory, yammela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wanikeza umkakhe isihloko sokuba lady lady.
UGregory noCatherine baphila kamnandi kwaze kwaba umzuzu lapho intombazane yagula ngokusetshenziswa. Lokhu kwenzeka ngonyaka wesine wempilo yabo yomshado. Umyeni wayiswa eSwitzerland ukuyokwelapha uKatyya, kodwa lokhu akuzange kusize ekusindiseni impilo yakhe.
Ukufa
Ukufa komkakhe othandekayo ehlobo lika-1782 kukhubaze kakhulu impilo ka-Orlov futhi kwaba esinye seziqephu ezimnyama kakhulu ku-biography yakhe. Waphelelwa yintshisekelo ngokuphila futhi ngokushesha wasangana.
Abazalwane bathatha uGrigory bamyisa eMoscow estate eNeskuchnoye. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ingadi edumile yeNeskuchny izokwakhiwa lapha.
Yilapha lapho uGeneral Feldzheichmeister, naphezu kwemizamo yodokotela, kancane kancane aphela ekuhlanyeni okuthulile. UGrigory Grigorievich Orlov washona ngo-Ephreli 13 (24), 1783 eneminyaka engama-48.
U-Orlov wangcwatshwa endaweni ye-Otrada eSemenovsky. Ngo-1832, amathambo akhe angcwatshwa kabusha odongeni olusentshonalanga yeSt. George's Cathedral, lapho kwakungcwatshwe khona abafowabo, u-Alexei noFyodor.
Isithombe nguGrigory Orlov
