Ngaphandle kokuthi izimpungushe azihlali nabantu, azidingi ukwethulwa okukhethekile. Ngenxa yenganekwane, izingane zisencane zijwayelana nesilwane esincane, esivala ubuthakathaka ngobuqili, kepha singaphuthelwa esaso, uma kungenzeka sicasule obuthakathaka.
Vele, kufanelekile ukuhlukanisa isithombe sempungushe, esakhiwe emcabangweni wethu ngaphansi kwethonya lezinganekwane zezingane kanye namakhathuni, kusuka empilweni yangempela yempungushe. Njengomunye wabacwaningi abadume kakhulu uCharles Roberts abhala, kuhlale kunzima ngomuntu ochaza imikhuba yezilwane ezihleleke kakhulu ukumelana nokuzinika ezinye izici zobuntu.
Ubuqili bempungushe eyaziwayo empilweni yangempela buvela kuphela lapho isilwane sishiya ukujaha. Ngalesi sikhathi, impungushe izungeza ngobuciko, ididise amathrekhi, futhi ingazifihla ngokuphazima kweso, inyamalale emehlweni. Ekuzingeleni izimpungushe ziqonde impela. Zisebenza ngokuvumelana nohlelo "lokuthola inyamazane - ukuhlaselwa umbani - ukuphela kokuzingelwa".
Ngokwesilinganiso, izimpungushe ziba ngosayizi ukusuka kusigamu semitha kuya kumitha ubude. Umsila, ocishe ube izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zobude bomzimba, ubalwa ngokwehlukana. Isisindo esiphezulu sezimpungushe singu-10 - 11 kg, kuyilapho sibhekene nokushintshashintsha okukhulu kwesizini. Izimpungushe akubona nje kuphela abahlala ehlathini. Esikhundleni salokho, ngisho, kungabekwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile kubakhileyo be-steppe-steppe kanye nama-woodlands - kulezizindawo zemvelo lapho izimpungushe ziphila futhi zikhule.
Ngokwendawo, izimpungushe zitholakala cishe yonke indawo eNyakatho Nenkabazwe, ngaphandle kwesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu. ENingizimu Nenkabazwe, izimpungushe zihlala e-Australia kuphela, lapho abantu bezethule khona ngempumelelo. Kodwa-ke, impumelelo yokuzalanisa izimpungushe e-Australia kulinganiselwe - zavulwa, zafuna ukubhekana nonogwaja, kepha izimpungushe, zazithola sezwekazini elincanyana, zazincamela ukuzingela izilwane ezincane. Onogwaja, ngokuphelelwa yithemba kwabalimi, baqhubeka ngokuzala ngempumelelo.
1. Naphezu kobuncane bazo, izimpungushe azivamile ukuzingelwa izilwane ezinkulu. Vele, impisi, ibhere, i-lynx noma i-wolverine ngeke yenqabe ithuba lokubamba impungushe evulekile. Kodwa-ke, lelo thuba livela kakhulu kuyaqabukela - izimpungushe ziyalalela futhi ziyashesha. Ngenhloso, noma kunjalo, izimpungushe ezindala cishe azizingelwa. Izilwane ezisencane zisengozini enkulu. Ngisho nezinyoni ezidla inyama ziyazingela, hhayi ngaphandle kwempumelelo. Ngokucabangela isici somuntu - futhi abazingeli, uma kungenzeka, bakhiphe izimpungushe ngezinkulungwane - ubude besikhathi sempungushe abudluli eminyakeni emithathu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izimpungushe azifi nakancane ngenxa yokukhathala kwezinsiza zomzimba - ekuthunjweni, amacala aqoshwa lapho izimpungushe ziphila iminyaka engama-20 - 25.
2. Izimpungushe cishe azibesabi abantu, ngakho-ke zifundwa kahle futhi zinezimpande ekuthunjweni, zivumela abantu ukuthi bazale izinhlobo ezincane. Abantu abahlala ezindaweni zasemakhaya ngokwemvelo abazithandi izimpungushe - ubuhle obunezinwele ezibomvu buvame ukubhubhisa izinyoni nemfuyo encane. Kodwa-ke, izazi zezilwane zithi umonakalo ovela ezimpungutheni uvame ukuba nehaba.
3. Ubumnandi be-English "Fox Hunting" abuzange buvele ngoba abantu bendawo babentula ukuzijabulisa. INgilandi inabantu abaningi kangangokuba impisi yokugcina yabulawa ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-16. Ukunyamalala kwezimpisi kuholele ekuzalelweni kwezimpungushe ngendlela engakaze ibonwe, elahlekelwe isitha sayo semvelo sokugcina. Imiphumela yabalimi yayicacile. Abalimi abathukuthele baqala ukuhlela ukuzingelwa okukhulu kwezimpungushe. Bakwazi ukubulala ezinye izilwane, kodwa umsindo owaphakanyiswa yisixuku “sabazingeli” wawubaluleke kakhulu. Ukukhulunywa kokuqala kokuzingelwa okunjalo kuhlehlela emuva ku-1534. Ubuchwepheshe buphumelele ngokungaphezulu - ngo-1600, izinja ezifuywa ngokukhethekile zazidingeka ukuzingela izimpungushe. Ngasikhathi sinye, inqubo yezomnotho yayiqhubeka eNgilandi, okwaholela ekuphucweni abalimi umhlaba wamahhala ongewona owokulima, futhi ukuzingela izimpungushe kwaba yindawo yezicukuthwane. Kuphenduke isiko eliphelele elinamathoyilethi amantombazane amahle, imvunulo yakudala yabazingeli, njll. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21, ngemuva kwempikiswano emfushane, iPhalamende laseBrithani lavimbela ukuzingelwa kwezimpungushe ngosizo lwephakethe lezinja ezingaphezu kwezingu-3. Ukuvota okukodwa e-House of Commons kwakwanele ukuqeda isiko lakudala.
4. Kukhona ukuzingelwa kwezimpungushe, ngaphandle kokufa kwalezi zilwane. Leli kuseyigama elizimele lemincintiswano yokuthola ukuqondiswa komsakazo wezemidlalo. Indima yezimpungushe yenziwa abathumeli abasebenza njalo abafihlwe ezindaweni ezimbi. Abasubathi bahlome ngabemukeli. Umsebenzi wabo ukuthola bonke abathumeli ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu (imvamisa kuba nezingu-5). Imincintiswano yokuzingela izimpungushe yayithandwa kakhulu phakathi neMpi Yomshoshaphansi. Ingqikithi yomncintiswano isondelene kakhulu nomsebenzi wobunhloli ukukhomba nokuqeda izindlela zokuxhumana zezobunhloli. Ngakho-ke, izinhlaka zombuso, ikakhulukazi ezempi nezobukrelekrele, zisekele abasubathi ngayo yonke indlela. Ukuphela kweMpi Yomshoshaphansi kanye nokuthuthuka okusheshayo kobuchwepheshe bolwazi kwadalula "ukuzingela izimpungushe", futhi manje abathanda kuphela abenza lo mdlalo.
5. Ukuqaphela nokushesha kwezimpungushe kwaphoqa abazingeli ukuba basungule izindlela eziningana zokuzingela lezi zilwane. Impungushe ihehwa ngodobo. Isidumbu sesilwane noma ucezu olukhulu lwenyama lishiywa endaweni edutshulwe kahle, futhi abazingeli bacasha eduze. Impungushe ihehwa ngama-decoys, kanti eminyakeni yamuva nje, ama-module amabili wokukhohlisa ngogesi asethole ukuthandwa. Kuzo, indlela yokulawula isezandleni zomzingeli, futhi imisindo ehehayo ikhishwa ngombhobho wangaphandle. Lo mklamo uvumela ukuthi uthathe impungushe uyise endaweni elula yokudubula. Izinkampani ezinkulu zabazingeli zijwayeza ukuzingela ngeholo, namafulegi. Kusetshenziswa izinja zokuzingela, zombili ama-hound kanye nama-greyhound, ukuxosha izimpungushe ensimini (ama-greyhounds nawo aziklinya ngokwabo) kanye nezinja ezigobayo, kuxoshwa impungushe emgodini.
6. Ngaphandle kokuthi ukuzingelwa kwezimpungushe kuyathandwa nomaphi lapho kutholakala khona lezi zilwane, ngisho nomzingeli olambile ophumelele kakhulu ngeke akwazi ukuzitika ngenyama yezimpungushe eRussia. Impungushe iyisidalwa esisebenza kakhulu, ngakho-ke awekho amafutha enyameni yempungushe. Lokhu kuyenza ibe lukhuni ngokweqile, inyama yezimpungushe inzima kakhulu kunenyama yezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye. Isidumbu esivuselelwe sikhipha iphunga elibi kakhulu, elenziwa buthakathaka, kepha alinyamalali ngokuphelele ngisho nangemva kwamahora ayi-12 ofake uviniga nosawoti. Ekugcineni, amagundane akha ukudla kwempungushe agcwele izimuncagazi. Izimpungushe zenze amasosha omzimba anamandla kakhulu abantu abangenawo. Ngakho-ke, inyama kufanele iphathwe ukwelashwa okushisa okude. Uma ubila, iphunga elingemnandi liyavela futhi, ngakho-ke ukuphela kwendlela yokupheka impungushe ukugcoba ngezinongo eziningi nezinongo. AbaseScandinavians, betha wonke umuntu nge-surstroemming yabo - i-herring eqoshiwe - bazihlukanisa nalapha. ESweden naseDenmark, izimpungushe zifuyelwa inyama emapulazini akhethekile kanti eminye imikhiqizo iyathunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Ekuthengiseni, inyama yempungushe ibiza cishe ama-euro ayi-15 ngekhilogremu.
7. Maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, izimpungushe zaqala ukufuywa futhi zafuywa njengezilwane ezifuywayo. Ngokwesisekelo, iqembu likaDmitry Belyaev eNovosibirsk lasebenza kulokhu. Ukukhethwa ngokucophelela kwabantu abahlakaniphe kakhulu nabanothando kunikeze imiphumela kuphela ngemuva kweminyaka eminingi. D. Belyaev waba yisifundiswa, wamiswa itshe lesikhumbuzo futhi omunye wabafundi bakhe edolobheni laseNovosibirsk - usosayensi nempungushe bahlala ebhentshini, belulelana izandla. Kodwa neminyaka eminingi yemizamo ayizange iholele ekwakhiweni kohlobo olusha. Ososayensi abaqhubeka nokusebenza ekuthuthukiseni izimfanelo zokuziphatha zezimpungushe babhekisela ezifuyweni zabo ngokuthi "abantu" kuphela. Lokho wukuthi, kuyiqembu elikhulu nje labantu elihlala endaweni elinganiselwe.
8. "Abafuyi" abangathembekile sekuyisikhathi eside bekwazile ukufaka ekukhohliseni abathengi umbono wokuthi izinyane lempungushe liyinja efanayo, ikati kuphela. Ngomqondo othile, isilwane sethembeke kakhulu kumnikazi futhi, ngasikhathi sinye, sihlanzekile futhi sizimele. Futhi uma isilwane singaziphathi ngendlela umnikazi afuna ngayo, lapho-ke lokhu kuyinkinga yomnikazi. Kukuthuthuka kokuxhumana ngobuningi kuphela lapho abalimi bezimpungushe abangenanzuzo bekwazi ukuhlanganyela nomhlaba izinjabulo zokugcina impungushe njengesilwane esifuywayo. Uhlamvu lwe-fox aluxhomekile endaweni yokuthenga, noma ngabe inkulisa ekhethekile, umthengisi kabusha, noma ohlangothini lomgwaqo lapho isilwane esingahle sibe khona sashayiswa yimoto. Kungakhathalekile ukuthi usitholile isilwane esiwubukhazikhazi mahhala, noma usikhokhele ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyishumi noma ezingama-80 ngaso, sizoba nezici zokuziphatha ezingathandeki neze. Uzokhipha noma yikuphi; ubambe futhi umbe lapho kungenzeka khona; yenza umsindo ebusuku futhi unuke ubusuku nemini. Kuyinto iphunga elibi kakhulu elibi kakhulu lempungushe. Kungaba ngandlela-thile ukujwayela ithreyi (okuqukethwe okuzodingeka kuguqulwe okungenani kabili ngosuku), kepha impungushe ayisoze yawususa umkhuba wokufihla imfihlo yezindlala ze-paranoid, ezingemnandi futhi ezibuhlungu emehlweni, nganoma imuphi umuzwa oqinile osuka othandweni uya ekwesabeni. Ngakho-ke, ukugcina isilwane sempungushe kungcono kakhulu ezindizeni ezibanzi endlini yangasese, kepha hhayi efulethini. Kodwa noma kunjalo, udinga ukunakekela amagilavu enjoloba kanye nezinsipho eziqinile ngobuningi bezohwebo.
9. Izimpungushe zizivumelanisa cishe nanoma iyiphi indawo. Kukhona ukudla okuncane kwezilwane - izimpungushe zishintshela kalula ekudleni kwemifino, ngaphandle kokuhlupheka nakancane lokhu. Kuyabanda - siyakhula, kujabulisa abazingeli, ijazi elingaphansi elijiyile. Kuyafudumala - ingubo yangaphansi iyawa, futhi impungushe ibukeka njengomdlwane ogulayo. Ngisho nombala woboya bezimpungushe buncike kuphela ezimweni zemvelo. Uma kunezilwane eziningi ezidla le ndawo, izimpungushe zimba imigodi ejulile enezindima ezinamagatsha kanye nezitolo eziyishumi nambili, noma nangaphezulu. Imigodi enjalo ingafinyelela kumamitha-skwele angama-70 endaweni. m. Zimbalwa izilwane ezidla ezinye - futhi umgodi uzoba mfushane futhi ungajulile, futhi lapho kuphuma khona izimo eziphuthumayo ezimbili noma ezintathu zanele. Ezifundeni ezibandayo, ukungena okuyinhloko komgodi kubheke eningizimu, ezindaweni ezifudumele nezishisayo - enyakatho, nasezinkangala nasemathafeni - lapho umoya uvunguza khona kancane.
10. "I-Fox hole" ngasizathu simbe ibizwa ngokuthi uhlobo lwezakhiwo zokuhlala, ezifana nomgodi, ngaphandle kwendawo yokungena emthambekeni. "Izimbobo zezimpungushe" zanamuhla, amaphrojekthi azo ahlongozwa yizinkampani eziningi zokwakha, kungenzeka angangeni ajule nhlobo emhlabathini - kumane kungamabhilidi, izindonga zawo zigcwele umhlaba. "Izimbobo zezimpungushe" zabantu zinezinzuzo nezinkinga zombili, kepha azihlangene nezimpungushe, ngaphandle kwegama.
11. Ukuqiniswa kwemithetho yokuzingela nemithetho yezemvelo yonke indawo kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi izimpungushe zisondela kancane kancane lapho kuhlala khona abantu. Kulula kakhulu ukuthola ukudla eduze kwabantu kunasendle, kunokuba izimpungushe zikujabulele futhi zikujabulele. Ensimini yamazwe ayengaphansi kwe-USSR, ikakhulu, abahlali babo basemadolobhaneni nasezindaweni zokuhlala ezincane eziseduze namahlathi bahlupheka ngabo. Akunakwenzeka ukulwa namasela abhubhisa izilwane ezincane. Umthetho uyakwenqabela ngokusobala ukuthi kudutshulwe ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi kuphela ezilwaneni ezinamarabi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuqinisekisa lesi sifo, esingenakwenziwa ngaphandle kokubulala impungushe - umbuthano ononya. EYurophu, izimpungushe zimi ziqinile emadolobheni amakhulu. Ngokwezibalo zabacwaningi besi sifo, izimpungushe ezingaba ngu-10 000 zihlala eLondon. Abangu-86% babahlali basemadolobheni banesimo esihle kubaphangi abanezinwele ezibomvu abalwa nezinja namakati, abakhipha izikhwama zikadoti, futhi badle nomaphi lapho bedinga khona. Abantu, kuvela, bazizwe benecala ngezilwane ebezihlukunyezwa amakhulu eminyaka. EBirmingham, izimpungushe zaba yinhlekelele kangangoba kwadingeka ukuthi kudalwe iqembu elikhethekile elizobamba. Iqembu lenze umsebenzi omuhle, labamba izilwane eziyikhulu. Bathathwe bayiswa ehlathini eliseduze badedelwa - ukubulala akulona ubuntu. Izimpungushe zabuyela emuva edolobheni (futhi kuhle uma zingalethi abangane bazo nezintombi zazo) zaqhubeka nezenzo zazo ezingcolile. Isimo sokunganaki sabantu basemadolobheni izimpungushe siyamangaza - izimpungushe zibekezelela izifo ezimbi kakhulu, kufaka phakathi amarabi.
12. Impungushe yasolwandle iyi-stingray enosayizi osayizi omkhulu (kufika kumamitha ayi-1.2 ubude). Ihlala ngasogwini lwaseYurophu, kufaka phakathi uLwandle Olumnyama ne-Azov, nakuwo wonke ugu lwe-Atlantic e-Afrika. Oshaka beFox bangatholakala futhi kukholamu lamanzi. Lezi yizinhlobo ezintathu zezilwane ezizingelayo, ezisukela ngosayizi osukela kumamitha amathathu kuya kwayisithupha. Ngokwethiyori, oshaka bezimpungushe babhekwa njengamahloni hhayi ingozi kubantu. Izimpungushe ezindizayo nazo zingezezimpungushe ngegama kuphela. Lawa angamalulwane amakhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni wezithelo, kuze kube muva nje ahlanganiswa namalulwane. Umzimba wempungushe endizayo ufinyelela kubude obungu-40 cm, namaphiko emitha elilodwa nohhafu.
13. Igama lesiNgisi "impungushe" - "impungushe" alihlangene nakancane nenkulumo ejwayelekile ethi "Fox yinkampani yamafilimu yekhulu lama-20". "U-Fox" kulokhu isibongo somuntu waseHungary oshisayo ogama lakhe kwakunguWilhelm Fuchs, noma uVilmos Fried. Lapho efika e-USA, isiHungary sashintsha igama laso ngenxa yenjabulo futhi sasungula inkampani yamafilimu. Ngo-1930, inkampani yathathwa kuye ngesikhathi sokubusa okunonya. UFox - Fuchs - Ukhululiwe walwa kepha wehlulwa. Kusuka kuye inkampani yamafilimu yahlala, njengoba kusho ingoma, kuphela igama.
14. "Desert Fox" - Umkhandlu WaseJalimane uMarshal Erwin Rommel, owaphumelela ngempumelelo amabutho aseJalimane eNyakatho Afrika ngo-1940-1943. Kodwa-ke, uRommel akazange asebenzise ubuqili obukhethekile kulo myalo. Njengabo bonke abaholi bezempi baseJalimane abaphumelelayo beMpi Yesibili Yomhlaba, wayekwazi ukugxilisa amabutho emkhakheni omncane wangaphambili nokugqobhoza izivikelo zezitha. Lapho kwakungekho lutho oluzogxila, "iDesert Fox" yashiya amasosha e-Afrika yaya kuHitler iyocela ukuqiniswa.
15. “Umsila kaFox nomlomo wempisi” - yindlela abanye abenza ngayo ngokuncokola futhi abanye bethuthumela ngokwesaba bebiza inqubomgomo kaGeneral Mikhail Loris-Melikov eRussia ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19. Ngaphansi kuka-Emperor Alexander II, uLoris-Melikov, owaduma empini yaseRussia-Turkish yango-1877-1878, ngesikhathi esifanayo wayenguNgqongqoshe Wezangaphakathi futhi eyinhloko yamabutho omzimba. Igunya loMnyango Wezangaphakathi ngaleso sikhathi lalihlanganisa cishe yonke ipolitiki yasekhaya, kusukela emikhakheni eyisisekelo yezomnotho kuye ekunakekelweni kwababuthaka nezintandane. Kulokhu okuthunyelwe, uLoris-Melikov "wayenomsila wempungushe" - wakhuthaza ukwenziwa buthakathaka kwemithetho, ukukhula komkhankaso womphakathi, njll. Njengoba ethuthele ehhovisi lenhloko yamaphoyisa, ujenene wasebenzisa "umlomo wolf", engavumeli izinguquko ukuthi zihambe (ngokuqonda kwakhe) ... Umsila wempungushe wavele wadalula umlomo wale mpisi ngokungazi - ngo-Mashi 1, 1881, kwabulawa u-Emperor Alexander II, kwathi omunye wamaphekula athunjiwe wathi umholi wabo wayeboshwe ngaphambi komzamo wokubulala, kepha amacala kaLoris-Melikov awabutholanga ubufakazi obuvela kuye mayelana nomzamo wokubulala owawusondela.
16. Izimpungushe zifakwe ngokuqinile ezinganekwaneni zabantu abaningi, futhi ithonya labo kumuntu lingaba okuphambene nalokho, kungakhathalekile ukuthi abantu bahlala kuphi. AmaKorea, amaShayina namaJapane ancintisana ngezinga lokwesaba okutholwa izimpungushe. Ukuguqulwa kwesilwane sibe ngowesifazane oyengayo ngokuhlukunyezwa kwesisulu ngokuzijabulisa akusiwona umphumela omubi kakhulu olindele indoda yaseMpumalanga Ekude. UKitsune (ngesiJapane "impungushe") usabalalise impilo yalabo abeza kubo besesimweni sobuhle, kubashushumbisi - bachitha abathengisi noma baxoshele ababusi ehlazweni. Kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi benzeni eJapane yangesikhathi esidlule namadoda uKitsune avele kubo eba yinsizwa ebukekayo. Ngasikhathi sinye, eNdiya, amaNdiya aseNyakatho Melika kanye nabantu abaningi baseYurophu, impungushe ifanekisela ukuchuma, inhlanhla noma ingcebo. AmaKristu asevele esemncane akhomba impungushe njengabalingani bakaSathane - abahle, behlikihla umsila, ngisho noboya umbala wesihogo somlilo. Noma kunjalo, abanye abantu, kufaka phakathi amaSlavic, bagcine isimo sengqondo esingesihle kodwa sokunganaki ngempungushe."Siyazi, impungushe, ngezimangaliso zakho", "Futhi impungushe inobuqili, futhi isikhumba sayo siyathengiswa", "Impungushe iyakhathala, ikati liyasonteka" - lezi zaga zikhomba ngokusobala ukuthi abantu kudala bazicabangela ubunjalo besilwane esibomvu.
17. Isisebenzi seVoronezh Zoo Tatyana Sapelnikova sitshele udaba oluthakazelisa kakhulu. Abasebenzi bezilwane kwakudingeka banqume ukugxila kwezilwane ezincane njengamagundane kwenye yezindawo zehlathi. Ngesikhathi senqubo ejwayelekile, abasebenzi be-zoo babekela izingibe amagundane. Kodwa-ke, umsebenzi wososayensi waphazanyiswa kakhulu izimpungushe ezihlala esifundeni. Kwaphela iminyaka eminingana, izazi zezilwane zakha izicupho ezifanayo, futhi inani lamagundane abanjwe kuzo linquma ubukhulu besibalo sabantu. Kodwa-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amathrekhi akhombisile ukuthi othile ubenciphisa inani lamagundane abanjwe ogibeni ngokuwasusa ngokucophelela futhi awadle eduze. Izazi zezilwane zabona ukuthi impungushe ayisakhonjiswa amagundane, kodwa iphunga labantu abahlela izingibe. Ngemuva komdlalo omfishane wokuthi "ngibambe" bakwazile ukuyenga impungushe - izazi zezilwane ekuqaleni zaziqamba igama lokuthi uGinger - zaba uhlobo lwezinyoni zezinyoni. Impungushe yayingakhathazeki neze ngobugqila. Lapho ososayensi bekwazi ukwenza ucwaningo oludingekayo ngamagundane, uRyzhik wakhululwa. Akazange abalekele kude, futhi kwavela ngisho ama-chanterelles amabili eduze. Bona uqobo lwabo abalutholanga ukuthi bangazithola kanjani amagundane bese bewakhipha ezingibeni, kepha bakwazisa ngokungangabazeki amakhono angajwayelekile omkhwenyana wesikhathi esizayo.
