Ukwakhiwa kwenethiwekhi yamakhompiyutha yomhlaba wonke kwesinye isikhathi kufakwa ngokulingana nempumelelo efana nokuphuculwa komlilo noma ukwenziwa kwesondo. Kunzima ukuqhathanisa ubukhulu bezimo ezahlukahlukene kangaka, ikakhulukazi ngoba kubonakala sengathi sisabheka ukuqala kokuqala komthelela we-Intanethi emphakathini wesintu jikelele kanye nomuntu ngamunye ikakhulukazi. Phambi kwamehlo ethu, inetha lilulela izintambo zalo ezindaweni ezihluke kakhulu empilweni yethu.
Ekuqaleni, konke kwakukhawulelwe ekufundeni izindaba, ukulanda izincwadi nokuxoxa. Bese kuba namakati nomculo. Ukwanda kokuxhumeka kwe-Intanethi ngesivinini esikhulu kwakubonakala kufana ne-avalanche, kepha kwakuyimboni kuphela. I-Intanethi ephathekayo isiphenduke idlanzana. Esikhundleni senjabulo yokuxhumana kwabantu, isiqalekiso sokuxhumana kwiWebhu savela.
Vele, izici ezinhle ze-Intanethi azikayi ndawo. Sisenakho ukufinyelela okusheshayo futhi okulula kunoma yiluphi ulwazi, futhi lolu lwazi siluthola nganoma iyiphi indlela elula. I-Inthanethi inikeza izigidi zabantu ngocezu lwesinkwa, kanti abanye ngoqweqwe oluhle lwebhotela. Singathatha uhambo olubonakalayo futhi sibabaze imisebenzi yobuciko. Ukuthenga ku-inthanethi kuyaqhubeka nokuhlasela okuqinile kwezohwebo zendabuko. Ngaphandle kokungabaza, i-Intanethi yenza impilo yomuntu ibe lula, ibe lula futhi ithakazelise.
Imayelana nebhalansi, njengenjwayelo. Yeka ukuthi zazilula futhi zithakazelisa kanjani izakhamuzi zaseRoma yasendulo! Isinkwa esiningi, izibuko eziya ngokuya zanda ... Futhi amakhulu eminyaka yobumnyama kamuva. Akekho owayefuna noma yini embi, wonke umuntu wayezijabulela izinzuzo zempucuko. Futhi lapho emhlabeni - neRoma lasendulo laliyizwe ngokwalo - kwasala abasebenzisi kuphela, konke kwawa.
Isivinini se-Intanethi esisakazeka emkhakheni wezintshisakalo zabantu naso siyethusa. Kwadlula amashumi eminyaka kusuka ekusungulweni komshini wokunyathelisa kwasakazwa kabanzi ezincwadini. I-Intanethi isabalele endabeni yeminyaka. Ukuthi uzongena kuphi ngokulandelayo kuyimfihlakalo. Kodwa-ke, kufanelekile ukushiya ikusasa eliseduze kubabhali bezinganekwane zesayensi bese uphendukela kumaqiniso nezimo ezikhona.
1. Indawo yesizinda ethandwa kakhulu emhlabeni yi .tk. Le ndawo yesizinda ngeyeTokelau, indawo encike eNew Zealand etholakala eziqhingini ezintathu eziseNingizimu Pacific. Ukubhalisa kule ndawo yesizinda kumahhala ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, imali engenayo yezikhangiso evela kumasayithi acishe abe yizigidi ezingama-24 amele ama-20% wesabelomali sendawo enabantu abangu-1,500. Kodwa-ke, imali engenayo yokwenziwa kwi-Intanethi ayivimbeli iTokelau ekuthatheni indawo yokugcina, engama-261 emhlabeni ngokweGDP. Kepha ngokwenani lamasayithi abhalisiwe, le nsimu iqhelelene kakhulu nezindawo .de (14.6 million), .cn (11.7 million), .uk (10.6 million), .nl (5.1 million) kanye ne-. ru (4.9 million). Indawo yesizinda ethandwa kakhulu ngokwesiko ihlala .com - amasayithi ayizigidi eziyi-141.7 abhaliswe kuyo.
2. Ama-akhawunti ezinkundleni zokuxhumana awafi nabasebenzisi. Futhi hhayi imithetho kuphela, kepha nemithetho ejwayelekile kakhulu noma emincane maqondana nokuthi wenzeni ngama-akhawunti wabantu abashonile noma abangasekho, ayikho. I-Facebook, ngokwesibonelo, ivala ikhasi lomsebenzisi, kepha ayiyisusi, isizwela ithi “ikhasi lememori”. Abaphathi beTwitter babonakala bevuma ukususa lawo ma-akhawunti, kepha kuphela ngombandela wokuqinisekiswa kokufa. Izinkinga lapha azikho nakwezinye izici zokuziphatha, kepha kuphrozi lokuphila. Ezincwadini zomuntu siqu, isibonelo, izithombe namavidiyo kugcinwa lapho ofile angabanjwa khona nabanye abantu. Bangakwazi ukuwela ezandleni zanoma ngubani. Zingasetshenziselwa izinhloso ezahlukahlukene. Futhi isixazululo salo mbuzo asikho nakumbono. Kusobala ukuthi ukuxhumana nomphakathi ngaphandle kwesigaxa sikanembeza kudlulisa imininingwane ezinsizakalweni nasezinkampanini ezikhethekile. Kepha kucace bha nje ukuthi ukufinyelela ngisho ne-akhawunti ekude kunethiwekhi yokuxhumana nabantu kubuyiselwa ngokushesha uma kunemininingwane yokuqinisekisa ngendlela yephasiwedi nenombolo yocingo.
3. Umlando we-Runet uqukethe izindida eziningana ezithakazelisa kakhulu. Isibonelo, umtapo wolwazi wokuqala engxenyeni yaseRussia yeWebhu uvele ngaphambi kwesitolo sokuqala se-Intanethi. UMaxim Moshkov wethule umtapo wakhe wezincwadi ngoNovemba 1994, kanti isitolo sokuqala esiku-CD esiku-inthanethi savela ngoSepthemba wonyaka olandelayo. Futhi lapho-ke isayithi livaliwe cishe ngokushesha ngenxa ye-algorithm engenzi nzuzo yomsebenzi. Isitolo sokuqala esisebenza ngokugcwele savela eRunet ngo-Agasti 30, 1996. Manje isisetshenziswa se-Books.ru.
4. Isiza sokuqala semithombo yezindaba eRussia kwakuyindawo yesayithi elalisakazeka kakhulu, kodwa elincane njenge- "Uchitelskaya Gazeta". Uhlelo olusezingeni eliphezulu lwangena ku-inthanethi ngo-Ephreli 1995, kanti iRosBusinessConsulting yethula iwebhusayithi yayo ngemuva kwenyanga.
5. Njengoba wazi, eRussia ukushicilelwa nokucutshungulwa kwemininingwane yomuntu kulawulwa ngumthetho oqinile. Umuntu angashicilela imininingwane yakhe uqobo, kepha akekho onelungelo lokushicilela idatha yomunye umuntu. Lo mthetho usemoyeni - i-Intanethi igcwele imininingwane ehlukahlukene enolwazi. Idiski noma ukufinyelela ku-database yenethiwekhi kubiza cishe u- $ 10. Izwe laseMelika lithathe indlela ehluke ngokuphelele yolwazi lomuntu siqu kwi-Intanethi. Kukholakala ukuthi uma imininingwane ethile ngesakhamuzi yaziwa kwezinye zezikhungo zombuso, lapho-ke kufanele itholakale kunoma yisiphi esinye isakhamuzi. Kukhona insiza ekhethekile eku-inthanethi lapho imininingwane yomuntu mayelana nanoma yisiphi isakhamuzi sase-US ingatholwa ngemali ephansi. Vele, eminye imininingwane ayikashicilelwa, kepha ngenkathi uBarack Obama enguMongameli, abaduni (vele, abaseRussia) nabo bavula ingxenye evaliwe yedatha kazwelonke, bangena kuyo ngamaseva enkampani yezezimali. Inethiwekhi iveze imininingwane kumashumi ezinkulungwane zabantu baseMelika, kufaka phakathi izinombolo zabo zokuphepha komphakathi.
6. Ngokuphikisana nezinkolelo ezithandwayo, ikakhulukazi imidlalo yama-computer kanye nemidlalo eku-inthanethi ayigcini kwabasebasha kuphela. Isabelo sabo sikhulu impela impela, kepha ngokwesilinganiso cishe siyikota yabo bonke abadlali. AmaGamers asatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo ngeqembu leminyaka yobudala. Okucacile okucacile yisizukulwane sama-40 +. Ngo-2018, abadlali bamageyimu basebenzise ama- $ 138 billion ezintweni abazithandayo. Leli nani lingaphezulu kwezigidigidi ezi-3 kune-GDP yaminyaka yonke yezwe elifana neKazakhstan. AmaRussia asebenzise ama-ruble angama-30 billion emidlalweni eku-inthanethi.
7. Izwe lokugembula online linonya, akuyona imfihlo. Abadlali basebenzisa imali eningi ekuthuthukiseni abalingiswa babo, ukuthenga izikhali, okokusebenza noma okwenziwayo, njll. Kepha imali ethathwe kwisabelomali somuntu siqu noma somndeni nesikhathi esichithwe ayiliqedi uhlu lwezinkinga ezidalwe yimidlalo eku-inthanethi. Umdlali kwiLegends of the World 3, obehlala eChina, ukhombise lo mdlalo kumngani wakhe empilweni yangempela. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, umngani wami, naye obewuthanda lo mdlalo, wangicela ukuthi ngimboleke inkemba enhle kakhulu futhi ebizayo. Lapho umnikazi wenkemba ebona ukuthi umcebo ngeke ubuyiselwe kuye, waqala wafuna umngane. Useyithengisile inkemba ngo- $ 1,500. Inkosi eyathukuthele ngenkemba yabulala isela ngazo zonke izindlela: emhlabeni wangempela, lamshaya laze lafa, futhi emhlabeni obonakalayo, wakwazi ukulawula i-akhawunti yesisulu futhi wagxuma wasuka entabeni njengomlingiswa wakhe. Vele, ungakhohlwa ukuqala ngokudlulisa zonke izinto zobungani zomngani ku-akhawunti yakho.
8. I-Intanethi, esetshenziswa iningi labasebenzisi bayo abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezine, iyisiqongo seqhwa. Amarobhothi okusesha abona kuphela lawo makhasi e-Intanethi atholakala mahhala, futhi anokuxhumanisa okungenani okukodwa kwangaphandle. Uma kungekho zixhumanisi zesiza ezivela kwezinye izinsiza, irobhothi ngeke liye lapho, futhi umsebenzisi udinga ukwazi ikheli eliqondile lesiza. Ucezu lokuqukethwe kwi-Intanethi olungafakwanga ezinjini zokusesha lubizwa nge- "Deep Net" noma "Deep Web". Okujule kakhulu, uma sibheka i-Intanethi njengesakhiwo esinezitezi ezintathu, yi-Darknet - inethiwekhi efihlwe ngokuphelele kwiziphequluli eziningi. Uma ungafika ku- "Deep Net" usebenzisa isiphequluli esijwayelekile (yize amakhasi amaningi esazodinga ukungena ngemvume ne-password noma isimemo), i- "Darknet" ingafinyelelwa kuphela kusiphequluli esikhethekile i- "Tor" noma ezinye izinhlelo ezifanayo. Ngokunjalo, iDarknet isetshenziswa kabanzi ngabadayisi bezidakamizwa, abathengisi bezikhali, abathengisa izithombe zocansi kanye nochwepheshe bezokukhwabanisa kwezezimali.
9. Njengoba 95% yabasebenzisi be-Intanethi bazi, i-United States ihamba phambili ngentuthuko yabantu kwezobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, njengoba kufakazelwa yi-Silicon Valley, Google, Twitter kanye ne-Facebook. Ngaphezu kwalokho, konke lokhu kuphumelela kwenzeke ezweni lapho ingxenye enkulu yabantu ixhunywe kwi-Intanethi hhayi ngamanethiwekhi e-fiber-optic, kepha kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe bemodemu ye-ADDL yangaphambi komkhathi. Akunakushiwo ukuthi iziphathimandla azikhathaleli ngalokhu. Ukuphathwa kukaBill Clinton kuphinde kwanikeza abahlinzeki abakhulu kakhulu ukumboza izwe ngamanethiwekhi e-fiber-optic. Izinkampani azikhathali ukukwenza ngemali yesabelomali. Ukuphathwa kwezwe eligxile kakhulu ezimakethe emhlabeni kubancenge ukuthi bathole ngama- $ 400 billion ngamakhefu entela. Abahlinzeki bavumile, kepha ababekanga amanethiwekhi - kuyabiza. Ngenxa yalokhu, ezweni lakubo le-Intanethi, kunezinketho zamanani entengo ezifana ne- $ 120 ngenyanga yokuhamba kancane (ama-5-15 Mbps, lesi yisivinini esimenyezelwe) i-Intanethi enekhebula TV. I-Intanethi eshibhile eshibhile ibiza u- $ 45 nge-starter pack kanye ne- $ 50 ngenyanga nge-5 GB yethrafikhi. Ngokwesilinganiso, i-Intanethi eNew York ibiza ngokuphindwe kasikhombisa kunaseMoscow ngejubane eliphansi kakhulu. Futhi, i-US idinga ukukhokha okwengeziwe ngayo yonke into ngokoqobo, kuze kufike ezintweni ezengeziwe ezifulethini.
10. Okthoba 26, 2009 kungathathwa njengosuku lokuqothulwa kohlanga kumasayithi e-Intanethi. Ngalolu suku, inkampani ethi "Yahoo! Vala ukusingathwa kwama-GeoCities mahhala, ubhubhise amasayithi acishe abe yizigidi ezingama-7 ku-one swoop. "I-GeoCities" kwaba ukusingathwa kwamahhala kokuqala okukhulu. Isebenze kusukela ngo-1994 futhi yayithandwa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke ngenxa yokushibhile kwayo futhi ilula. Abaphathi be- "Yahoo!" bayithenge egagasini lokuthandwa ngo-1999 cishe ngama- $ 3 billion, kepha abakaze bazuze ekuthengeni kwabo, yize noma ngesikhathi sokuvalwa kweziza kusayithi bebevakashelwa ngabasebenzisi abangaphezulu kwezigidi eziyi-11 ngosuku.
11. Izithameli ze-Facebook ziyaqhubeka nokukhula, yize kubukeka sengathi akukho lapho zingakhula khona. Ku-2018, le nethiwekhi yezenhlalo ibalwe ama-akhawunti asebenzayo ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-2.32 (anezingaphezu kwezigidigidi ezi-4 ezingasebenzi), okuyizigidi ezingama-200 ngaphezulu konyaka odlule. Isigidigidi nesigamu sabantu bavakashela amakhasi ewebhu nsuku zonke - ngaphezulu kwenani labantu baseChina. Ngaphandle kwakho konke lokhu kugxekwa, abakhangisi batshale imali enkulu kuFacebook. Imali engenayo yenkampani ekukhangiseni konyaka ifike cishe ku- $ 17 billion - 4 billion ngaphezulu kuka-2017.
12. Kuvidiyo ebamba i-YouTube, amahora angama-300 evidiyo alayishwa njalo ngeminithi. Ividiyo yokuqala ethi, “Me at the Zoo,” ngomunye wabasunguli benkampani, ilayishwe ku-YouTube ngo-Ephreli 23, 2005. Amazwana okuqala avele ngaphansi kwale vidiyo. Ngasekuqaleni kukaNovemba 2006, abasunguli abathathu bokubamba ividiyo bayithengisela iGoogle nge $ 1.65 billion. Ividiyo ende kunazo zonke ethunyelwe ku-YouTube ihlala ngaphezu kwamahora angama-596 - cishe izinsuku ezingama-25.
13. I-Intanethi eNyakatho Korea zombili zikhona futhi azikho. Empeleni, umbuthano omncane kakhulu wabasebenzisi onelungelo lokungena kwi-World Wide Web une-Intanethi njengenethiwekhi yomhlaba wonke. Laba yizikhulu eziphezulu zikahulumeni kanye nezinye izikhungo zemfundo ephakeme (impela, akuwona wonke umfundi onikezwa ukufinyelela lapho). I-DPRK inenethiwekhi yayo yeGwangmyon. Abasebenzisi bayo abakwazi ukufinyelela i-Intanethi ngokomzimba - amanethiwekhi awaxhunyiwe. IGwangmyeong inezingosi zolwazi, umculo, amafilimu, izinsiza zokupheka, imininingwane yezemfundo, izincwadi. Ngokomthetho, yini edingekayo kwi-Intanethi yebhizinisi. Vele, azikho izithombe zobulili ezingcolile, amathangi, amasayithi wokuqomisana, amabhulogi, ama-blogs evidiyo nokunye okuphumelele emkhakheni wokushintshaniswa kwemininingwane mahhala ku- "Gwangmyeong". Izindaba ezisatshalaliswa ezweni lonke ngokushushumbisa ama-flash drive ziyimbudane. Wonke amakhompyutha akwi-DPRK afakwe uhlelo lokusebenza "Pulgyn Pöl", olwenziwe ngesisekelo se- "Linux". Esinye sezici zayo eziyinhloko ukungakwazi ukuvula ifayela elinganikezwa ngesiginesha ekhethekile enikezwe iziphathimandla. Kodwa-ke, ku-DPRK kunesigungu sikahulumeni esikhethekile esihlala sithumela okuqukethwe okusha ku- "Gwangmyeon" uma kuvumelana nemihlahlandlela yemibono.
14. Izingxabano mayelana nokuthi ukuthengiswa kokuqala kwe-inthanethi kwenziwa nini seziqhubeke iminyaka. Uma ukhuluma nenqubo yokuthengiselana okunjalo ngokombono wesikhathi sethu, uDan Cohen kufanele abhekwe njengowokuqala wezohwebo eziku-inthanethi. Ngo-1994, umsunguli oneminyaka engu-21 ubudala, njengengxenye yokuhlolwa kohlelo lwakhe lweNetMarket, wathengisela umngani wakhe i-CD kaSting's Ten Summoners Tales. Into esemqoka kwakungeyona ukuthengisa, kodwa inkokhelo. Umngani kaCohen ukhokhe u- $ 12.48 ngekhadi lesikweletu ngaphezulu kweprotocol ye-inthanethi evikelekile. Ekupheleni kuka-2019, ukuhwebelana nge-inthanethi emhlabeni kulindeleke ukuthi kudlule u- $ 2 trillion.
15. Eminyakeni emibili edlule, imininingwane yokuthi iNorway ingumholi womhlaba ekusetshenzisweni kwe-Intanethi iphelelwe yisikhathi ngokungenathemba. Vele, lokhu kumane kwaqondana nje, kepha abaholi bezindaba manje yi-United Arab Emirates, engavumi umuntu oyedwa endaweni yabo njengababaleki, futhi kuze kube manje ikhange kakhulu ababaleki i-Iceland kanye neFalkland Islands. Ngezwekazi, abaholi yiNyakatho Melika (i-81% yokumboza), i-Europe (80%) ne-Australia ene-Oceania (70%). Ama-40% wabantu emhlabeni anenethiwekhi ye-Intanethi lapho ahlala khona, kanye nama-51% ngokwabantu. Uphawu lokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bedijithali, mhlawumbe, kufanele lubhekwe njengendawo eseduze kwengqungquthela ye-Everest. Kusukela ngeminyaka yama-1950, izidumbu ezibalelwa ku-200 seziqongelelwe emzileni omkhulu oya engqungqutheleni, okuthi, njengoba besho, ngesimo sobuchwepheshe samanje, zingasuswa. Kodwa i-Intanethi ephathekayo isebenza ngokuqinile phezulu.
16. Izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu ze-Intanethi yomhlaba zibukwa kusetshenziswa isiphequluli se- “Google Chrome”. Zonke ezinye iziphequluli zilahlekelwe ngokuphelele umncintiswano. ISafari, enesabelo esingaphezudlwana kuka-15%, isendaweni yesibili kuphela ngenxa yokufakwa kwayo okukhethekile kumadivayisi we-Apple. Izinkomba zazo zonke ezinye iziphequluli ngokuvamile zingaphakathi kwephutha lezibalo, ezingeqi ku-5%, njengakwi- “Mozilla Firefox”.
17. Yize i-Twitter ne-Facebook bencintisana, kanti i-Facebook ingaphambi kwe "tweet" ngokuya ngenani labasebenzisi nemiphumela yezezimali, i-Twitter iwina umkhakha wabaphikisi kuze kube manje. Ikhasi elisemthethweni le-Twitter elikuFacebook linama- "likes" angaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-15, kanti i-akhawunti kaFacebook kuTwitter inabalandeli abayizigidi eziyi-13.5 kuphela. I-akhawunti esemthethweni ye-Instagram kuTwitter ilandelwa ngabantu abayizigidi ezingama-36.6, kuyilapho iVKontakte inabalandeli abangaphezudlwana kwesigidi.
18. Kuma-Olimpiki aseBeijing ngo-2008, amawele uCameron noTyler Winklevoss bancintisana neqembu lase-US lama-Olimpiki. Kodwa-ke, udumo lwamawele alulethwanga yimpumelelo yama-Olimpiki - bathatha indawo yesishiyagalombili - kodwa icala elibhekene nomsunguli wenethiwekhi ye-Facebook uMark Zuckerberg. Ngo-2003, baqasha uZuckerberg ukuba enze inethiwekhi yokuxhumana nabantu, bamnikeza ucezu lwekhodi yesoftware ekhona. UZuckerberg wasebenzela iWinklevoss izinyanga ezimbili, wabe esethula eyakhe inethiwekhi yokuxhumana nabantu, lapho-ke yabizwa nge- "thefacebook". Ngemuva kweminyaka emihlanu yamacala, uZuckerberg wathenga abazalwane ngokubanikeza amasheya ayi-1.2 million e-Facebook kubo. UCameron noTyler kamuva baba ngabatshalizimali bokuqala ukwenza izigidigidi zamaRandi ngokuthengiselana kweBitcoin.
