U-Euclid (u-Euclid) ungusosayensi omkhulu wasendulo ongumGreki nesazi sezibalo. Omunye wemisebenzi yakhe edume kakhulu ubeka ngokuningiliziwe izisekelo ze-geometry, i-planimetry, i-stereometry kanye ne-theory.
1. Kuhunyushwe kusuka esiGrekini sasendulo, i-Εὐκλείδης isho ukuthi “inkazimulo enhle”, “isikhathi sokuchuma”.
2. Kuncane kakhulu imininingwane yomlando womuntu ngalo muntu. Kuyaziwa ngokuqinisekile ukuthi u-Euclid waphila futhi wenza imisebenzi yakhe yesayensi ngekhulu lesi-3. BC e. e-Alexandria.
3. Uthisha wesazi sezibalo esidumile wayengeyona isazi sefilosofi esingaphansi kakhulu - uPlato. Ngakho-ke, ngokwezahlulelo zefilosofi, u-Euclid ngokwemvelo kuthiwa wenziwa ngabalandeli bakaPlato, ababebheka izakhi ezine kuphela njengeziyinhloko - umhlaba, umoya, umlilo namanzi.
4. Njengoba kunikezwe imininingwane emincane yomlando womuntu, kunenguqulo yokuthi u-Euclid akayena umuntu oyedwa, kodwa uyiqembu lososayensi nezazi zefilosofi ngaphansi kwegama elilodwa.
5. Emibhalweni yesazi sezibalo uPappus wase-Alexandria, kuyaphawuleka ukuthi u-Euclid, ngobumnene obukhethekile nangesizotha, angashintsha ngokushesha umbono wakhe ngomuntu. Kepha kuphela kumuntu owayenesifiso sezibalo noma owayengaba nesandla ekuthuthukiseni le sayensi.
6. Umsebenzi odume kakhulu kaEuclid "Beginnings" uhlanganisa izincwadi eziyi-13. Kamuva, kwanezelwa eminye emibili kule mibhalo yesandla - iGypsicles (200 AD) no-Isidore waseMileto (VI century AD).
7. Ekuqoqweni kwemisebenzi "Iziqalo" kwathathwa yonke imiqondo eyisisekelo ye-geometry eyaziwa kuze kube manje. Ngokwesisekelo sale mininingwane, kuze kube namuhla, izingane zesikole kanye nabafundi bafunda izibalo futhi kukhona ngisho negama "i-Euclidean geometry".
8. Kukhona ama-geometri ama-3 esewonke - u-Euclid, uLobachevsky, uRiemann. Kepha ukuhluka kwesazi sefilosofi sasendulo esingumGrikhi okubhekwa njengesiko.
9. U-Euclid uqobo lwakhe akavelanga nje kuphela ama-theorems, kodwa nama-axioms. Lezi zokugcina zisinde zingaguqukanga futhi zisetshenzisiwe kuze kube namuhla, konke ngaphandle koyedwa - cishe imigqa efanayo.
10. Emibhalweni ka-Euclid, konke kungaphansi komqondo ocacile futhi onzima, ohlelekile. Yilesi sitayela sesethulo esisabhekwa njengesibonelo sesivumelwano sezibalo (hhayi kuphela).
11. Izazi-mlando ezingama-Arabhu zithi u-Euclid wadala eminye imisebenzi eminingana - ku-optics, umculo, isayensi yezinkanyezi nemishini. Okudume kakhulu yi "Division of the Canon", "Harmonica", kanye nokusebenza kwezisindo namandla adonsela phansi athile.
12. Zonke izazi zefilosofi nezazi zezibalo zakudala zamaGreki zakha imisebenzi yazo ngokusekelwe emisebenzini ka-Euclid futhi zashiya imibono nezimvo zazo kuzincomo zababandulela. Abadume kakhulu yiPappus, Archimedes, Apollonius, Heron, Porfiry, Proclus, Simplicius.
13. I-Quadrivium - amathambo azo zonke izayensi zezibalo ngokwezimfundiso zamaPythagoreans namaPlato, athathwa njengesigaba sokuqala sokufundwa kwefilosofi. Isayensi eyinhloko eyenza i-quadrivium yi-geometry, umculo, izibalo, isayensi yezinkanyezi.
14. Wonke umculo ngesikhathi sika-Euclid wawubhalwe ngokuqinile ngokwezigaba zezibalo kanye nokubalwa okucacile komsindo.
15. U-Euclid wayengomunye walabo ababambe iqhaza elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni umtapo wolwazi odume kakhulu - i-Alexandria. Ngaleso sikhathi, umtapo wezincwadi wawungeyona kuphela inqolobane yezincwadi, kodwa futhi wawusebenza njengesikhungo sesayensi.
16. Enye yezinganekwane ezithakazelisa kakhulu nezithandwa kakhulu iphathelene nesifiso sikaTsar Ptolemy I sokuthola izisekelo ze-geometry emisebenzini ka-Euclid. Kwakunzima ukuthi afunde le sayensi, kepha lapho ebuzwa ngezindlela okulula ukuziqonda, usosayensi odumile waphendula wathi "Azikho izindlela zasebukhosini kuJiyomethri".
17. Esinye isihloko (esine-latinised) somsebenzi odume kakhulu ka-Euclid "Beginnings" - "Elements".
18. Imisebenzi enjalo yalesi sazi sezibalo sakudala esingumGreki njengethi “On the division of figures” (igcinwe kancane), “Data”, “Phenomena” iyaziwa futhi isacwaningwa.
19. Ngokwencazelo yezinye izibalo kanye nezazi zefilosofi, ezinye izincazelo zika-Euclid zaziwa ngemisebenzi yakhe ethi "Conical parts", "Porisms", "Pseudaria".
20. Ukuhunyushwa kokuqala kwama-Elements kwenziwa ngekhulu le-11. ngososayensi base-Armenia. Izincwadi zalo msebenzi zahunyushelwa olimini lwesiRussia kuphela ngekhulu le-18.
