ICologne Cathedral bekungeyikho isikhathi eside ingeyokuqala ohlwini lwamabhilidi amade kunawo wonke emhlabeni, kodwa namuhla kufanele ibe sesikhundleni sesithathu phakathi kwawo wonke amasonto. Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi isonto lamaGothic lidume ngalokhu: liqukethe inani elikhulu lezinto ezingcwele abafuna ukubukwa abamele abantu abehlukene abeza eJalimane. Konke kuyathakazelisa: yini ukuphakama kwemibhoshongo, umlando wokudalwa, ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo, ukuhlobisa kwangaphakathi.
Kafushane ngeCologne Cathedral
Kulabo abasazibuza ukuthi ikuphi i-cathedral ikuphi, kufanelekile ukuya edolobheni laseCologne eJalimane. Ikheli lalo: Domkloster, 4. Itshe lokuqala labekwa emuva ngo-1248, kodwa ukwakheka kwesonto kwanamuhla kungokwemvelo ngesitayela samaGothic.
Ngezansi kunencazelo emfushane yamagugu amakhulu ahlobene nokwakhiwa kwesonto nokuqukethwe kwalo:
- ukuphakama kombhoshongo omkhulu kufinyelela ku-157.18 m;
- ubude bethempeli bungu-144.58 m;
- ithempeli ububanzi - 86.25 m;
- inani lezinsimbi - 11, elikhulu kunawo wonke yi "Decke Pitter";
- indawo ye-cathedral icishe ibe yi-7914 sq. m;
- itshe elisetshenziswa ekwakheni cishe amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-300;
- isondlo sonyaka sibiza ama-euro ayizigidi eziyi-10.
Kulabo abanentshisekelo yokuthi zingaki izinyathelo eziholela emoyeni, kufanele ufake le nombolo futhi, ngoba ukuze ufike enqabeni yensimbi uthathe isithombe sekhwalithi ephezulu usuka phezulu esontweni, kuzofanele unqobe izinyathelo ezingama-509. Kuliqiniso, ukuvakashela imibhoshongo kuyakhokhelwa, kepha noma ngubani angavele aye ethempelini. Amahora wokuvula ayahluka ngesizini. Ehlobo (ngoMeyi-Okthoba), iCologne Cathedral ivulekele izivakashi phakathi kuka-6: 00-21: 00, kanti ebusika (Novemba-Ephreli) ungabubuka ubuhle besonto phakathi kuka-6: 00-19: 30.
Izigaba zokwakhiwa kwethempeli laseCologne
Isonto eliyinhloko le-Archbishopric of Cologne lakhiwa ngezigaba eziningana. Izikhathi ezimbili eziyinhloko zihlukaniswa ngokujwayelekile. Izinsuku zokuqala zibuyela emuva ku-1248-1437, okwesibili kwenzeka engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-19. Kuze kube yikhulu le-13 leminyaka, izindawo eziningi ezingcwele zazakhiwe kule nsimu, izinsalela zazo ezingabonakala ezansi kwethempeli elikhulu lesimanje. Namuhla, ngesikhathi sokumbiwa, izingxenye zaphansi nezindonga ezivela ezinkathini ezahlukahlukene zitholakele, kepha akunakwenzeka ukubuyisa isithombe esisodwa sokwehluka okwedlule kwamathempeli.
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-13, kwathathwa isinqumo sokwakha isonto labo elikhulu eCologne, esinye sezikhungo ezazicebe kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi. UMbhishobhi omkhulu uKonrad von Hochstaden uqalise umsebenzi omkhulu wokwakha othembisa ukunikeza umhlaba ithempeli eliqeda amasonto akhona.
Kukhona ukucabanga ukuthi ukuvela kweCologne Cathedral kungenxa yokuthi ngo-1164 iCologne yathola izinsalela ezinkulu kunazo zonke - izinsalela zeMagi oNgcwele. I-sarcophagus eyingqayizivele yadalelwa bona, futhi ingcebo enjalo kufanele igcinwe endaweni efanele, eyayizoba yithempeli elizayo.
Ukwakhiwa kwesonto kwaqala kusukela engxenyeni esempumalanga. Umqondo oyinhloko kwakuyisitayela seGothic, esasithandwa phakathi nalesi sikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inqwaba yamafasitela anengilazi namabala anengilizi ayengokomfanekiso futhi akhombisa ukwesaba amandla aphezulu.
Umakhi walesi sidalwa esimangalisayo kwakunguGerhard von Riele; wonke umsebenzi olandelayo wenziwa ngokwemidwebo yakhe. Eminyakeni yokuqala engama-70 kwakhiwa amakhwaya. Ngaphakathi, igumbi belihlotshiswe ngezihloko ezinkulu ezinamaqabunga avulekile ambozwe ngokuhloba. Ngaphandle, umuntu angabona iziqongo ezikhuphukayo ezigcwele isiphambano segolide esivela empumalanga. Sekuhlobise i-cathedral iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-700.
Ngekhulu le-14, enye ingxenye yokwakha yaqala, ngoba kulokhu kwakudingeka ukudilizwa kwengxenye esentshonalanga yethempeli elikhulu laseCarolingian. Ngalesi sikhathi, babehlanganyela ekwakhiweni kweSouth Tower, izici zokwakha ezigcizelelwa ukucwengeka kwezakhi. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-16, i-nave ephakathi yayicishe yaqedwa ngokuphelele, kwasala imininingwane emincane kuphela ekuhlobiseni i-facade.
Phakathi neNkathi Ephakathi, akuyona yonke imibono eyasetshenziswa, futhi eminyakeni edlule yokuba khona kwayo, iCologne Cathedral yaya ngokuwohloka kancane kancane. Ngenxa yalokhu, ngo-1842, kwavela umbuzo mayelana nesidingo sokubuyiselwa kwethempeli nokuqedela umsebenzi wokwakha owawudingeka, kubandakanya nalezo ezihlobene nomhlobiso walo wokugcina. NgoSepthemba 4, sibonga uxhaso lwenkosi yasePrussia kanye nenhlangano yomphakathi yezakhamizi zedolobha, umsebenzi waqala kabusha, futhi inhlonipho yokubeka itshe lokuqala yehlela kuFrederick William IV, njengomqalisi omkhulu.
Sikukwazisa ukuthi ubheke eMilan Cathedral.
Ngesikhathi sokwakha, kusetshenziswe imibono yokuqala nemidwebo ekhona. I-facade yayihlotshiswe ngezifanekiso, kwavela imibhoshongo ephakeme, efinyelela kumamitha ayi-157 ukuphakama. Ngo-Okthoba 15, 1880 kubhekwa ngokusemthethweni njengosuku lokuphela kokwakhiwa, kwabe sekuhlelwa umkhosi omkhulu, futhi abantu abavela kulo lonke izwe baya eCologne ukuyozibonela ngawabo lo mdalo.
Ngaphandle kokuthi kwaziwa kahle ukuthi leli thempeli lakhiwa isikhathi esingakanani nokuthi lakhiwa nini, umsebenzi usaqhubeka ukulondoloza ukuheha kweminyaka eminingi ezayo. Izinto eziningi ezibalulekile zashintshwa ngekhulu lama-20, futhi ukubuyiselwa kuyaqhubeka kuze kube namuhla, njengoba ukungcoliswa kwedolobha kukuthinta kabi ukubukeka kwethempeli elikhulu.
Amagugu agcinwe ethempelini
ICologne Cathedral iyinqolobane yangempela yemisebenzi yobuciko eyingqayizivele nezimpawu zokukhulekela. Phakathi kwezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu yilezi:
Asikho nesisodwa isithombe esikwazi ukudlulisa imizwa yangempela ekufundweni kwawo wonke amanani agcinwe ethempelini elikhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izithombe ezibekwe emafasiteleni anengilazi enamabala zenza isimo esikhethekile ekamelweni, futhi umculo wesitho ubonakala unyukela emafwini, ujulile futhi unomphefumulo.
Izinganekwane zesonto elikhulu likaCologne
Kukhona inganekwane ethokozisayo mayelana ne-cathedral, ephindaphindwa ngezindlela ezihlukile. Othile ukholelwa ekuqineni kwayo, othile udala ifu lemfihlakalo elizungeze indaba. Ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwephrojekthi, umakhi uGerhard von Riele wayehlala egijimisa, engazi ukuthi imiphi imidwebo okufanele ayikhethe. Inkosi yakhungatheka ngalokhu kukhetha yaze yanquma ukufuna usizo kuSathane.
UDeveli uphendule ngokushesha izicelo futhi wanikeza isivumelwano: umakhi wezakhiwo uzokwamukela amapulani afiselekayo azoguqula i-cathedral ibe enye yezidalwa ezinkulu kakhulu zesintu, futhi yena uzonikeza umphefumulo wakhe. Isinqumo bekufanele sithathwe ngemuva kokukhala kwamaqhude okuqala. UGerhard uthe akacabange, kodwa ngenxa yobukhulu bathambekele esinqumweni esihle.
Inkosikazi yenkosi yezwa ingxoxo noSathane futhi yanquma ukusindisa umphefumulo womyeni wayo. Wazifihla wakhala njengeqhude. UDeveli wanikeza imidwebo, futhi kamuva wabona kuphela ukuthi isivumelwano asenzekanga. Uhlobo olubukeziwe lwendaba lwethulwe nguPlaton Alexandrovich Kuskov enkondlweni ethi "Cologne Cathedral".
Akujwayelekile ukuthi kuqhubeke ukuqhubeka kwale nganekwane, ethi uSathane wayethukuthele wagana unwabu waze wathuka ithempeli. Uthe ngetshe lokugcina le-cathedral kuzoba ne-apocalypse emhlabeni jikelele. Ngokwezinye izinguqulo, ukubhujiswa kwasongela iCologne kuphela, kepha mhlawumbe akuyona into engaqondakali ukuthi ithempeli elikhulu laseJalimane liqhubeka liphothulwa futhi landiswa.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo avame ukwethulwa ngendlela yezindaba ezingavamile zabavakashi. Ngakho-ke, abaqondisi abavela eCologne bathanda ukukhuluma ngezikhathi zempi, ethempelini elasinda ngaphandle komonakalo omncane. Ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yesibili, leli dolobha lahlaselwa ngamabhomu amakhulu, ngenxa yalokho kwabhidlika izakhiwo zonke, kwasala isonto kuphela. Kukholakala ukuthi isizathu salokhu bekungukuthi abashayeli bezindiza bakhethe lesi sakhiwo eside njengophawu lomhlaba.
