UVictor Dragunsky (1913 - 1972) waziwa yibo bonke ikakhulukazi njengezincwadi zakudala zezingane zaseSoviet. Inganekwane kaDeniskin, elandisa ngendaba yezigigaba zezingane zesikole ezimbalwa, yamukelwa ngemfudumalo kusukela ekuqaleni kwabafundi bayo yonke iminyaka. Ngokungafani nemisebenzi eminingi yezingane eshicilelwe e-USSR engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu lama-20, ayizange ithwale umthwalo osobala wemibono. UDeniska Korablev (isibonelo se-protagonist wayeyindodana kaViktor Dragunsky) noMishka Elephants bazifundela ngokwabo futhi bafundisa abafundi abancane ubungani, ukusizana, ubuhlakani, futhi ngasikhathi sinye bafaka ezinganeni amakhono amancane awusizo.
Kodwa-ke, umbhali washicilela izindaba zakhe zokuqala eneminyaka engama-46, lapho wayesenempilo emnandi ngemuva kwakhe. Ukusuka ezwenikazi kuya kwelizwekazi, nokusebenza, nokudlala enkundleni yemidlalo, futhi sisebenze njengosomahlaya, futhi impi isivele ingene kuyo. Cishe njengabo bonke ontanga yakhe, uViktor Dragunsky wayenethuba lokuthatha udeshi futhi ahlangabezane nobunzima, kepha akazange adikibale futhi wadlula emhlabeni njengombhali owaziwayo futhi ongubaba wezingane ezintathu ezinhle. Nawa amaqiniso asemqoka avela ku-biography kaViktor Dragunsky:
1. Umama wesikhathi esizayo oneminyaka engu-20 ubudala wombhali uRita Dragunskaya nobaba wesikhathi esizayo oneminyaka engu-19 uJozef Pertsovsky ngo-1913 basuka eGomel baya eNyakatho Melika yaseMelika kanye nobaba kaRita. Lapho, ngoDisemba 1, 1913, indodana yabo yazalwa. Kodwa-ke, eMelika, lo mbhangqwana osemusha awuzange uhambe kahle, ubaba kaRita wabulawa ubuthi begazi ngemuva kokukhishwa kwamazinyo okungaphumelelanga, futhi ehlobo lika-1914 umndeni wabuyela eGomel. Ngokuqondile ekuqaleni kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala.
ENew York ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili
2. Ubaba kaDragunsky washona ngo-1918. UVictor wayenobaba bokutholwa ababili: umphathi obomvu u-Ippolit Voitsekhovich, owashona ngo-1920, nomlingisi uMenachem Rubin, umndeni owahlala naye kwaze kwaba ngu-1925. Ngemuva kohambo lukaRubin lokuvakasha, umndeni uhambe lonke elaseRussia. Lapho uRubin eza nesithembiso esizuzayo, yena, ngaphandle kokungabaza, wabalekela kuqala eMoscow, wase e-United States, eshiya umndeni wakhe cishe ungenakho ukuziphilisa.
3. UVictor Dragunsky wayenomfowabo omncane u-Leonid. Ngaphambi kweMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, wakwazi ukusebenza ejele, kwathi ngo-1943 wafela ngaphambili.
4. UDragunsky uqobo wahlushwa yisifuba somoya, futhi akazange afike ngaphambili. Kumbutho wezempi, uphiko lwakhe belwakha izakhiwo zokuzivikela ngaseMozhaisk. Ngokuvamile bengazungezwanga, amasosha akwazile ukuphuma aye kubo ngemuva kokuqubuka kwamathangi aseJalimane. Ngemuva kwalokho, uDragunsky waya phambili kaningi namaqembu abaculi.
Amasosha aseMoscow, ngo-1941. Naka izingubo
5. Ngesikhathi sakhe sokuphumula ezifundweni zesikole, umbhali wesikhathi esizayo wakhanyisa njengomuntu wesikebhe. Njengoba engakaqedi esikoleni, uVictor waya emsebenzini. Okokuqala, wayengumsizi womphenduli esitshalweni iSamotochka, wabe eseba yisinqandi - wenza amahhanisi amahhashi embonini yeSport-Tourism.
6. Ubuntwana nobusha, bachitha esiteji, babathwalisa kanzima, futhi sebeneminyaka eyi-17 ngemuva komsebenzi waqala ukufunda e-workshop ka-Alexei Dikiy ovelele. Umninikhaya, okokuqala, wayethanda ukubhuqa nokuhlekisa okubukhali, kanti okwesibili, nezincwadi zazifundiswa eworkshop. Lokhu kwaba nethonya elikhulu emsebenzini Dragoonsky.
U-Alexey Dikiy njengoStalin
7. Idrama yokuqala yaseshashalazini kaDragoonsky yenzeka ngo-1935 eTransport Theatre (manje inesikhungo iGogol Centre, esidume kakhulu hhayi ngemisebenzi yaso, kodwa ngecala elivelele lokukhwabanisa). UVictor wathola izindima kuTheatre of the Film Actor, kodwa umsebenzi wawungajwayelekile - kwakukhona abalingisi abaningi, kodwa izindima ezimbalwa.
8. Ngo-1944 uDragunsky wamangaza wonke umuntu ngokuya emsebenzini esekisini. Lapho wayengu-clown onezinwele ezibomvu, i-pier idlale ngempumelelo enkulu. Izingane zithanda ikakhulukazi izimpahla zakhe. UNataliya Durova, owambona njengentombazanyana, wakhumbula ukusebenza kukaDragunsky impilo yakhe yonke, yize ngemuva kwalokho wabona izinkulungwane zamahlaya.
I-Redhead clown
9. UDragoonsky ocishe abe yedwa wenza iqembu lokudlala, elaba nempumelelo enkulu phakathi kwabalingisi nabathandi bemidlalo yaseshashalazini. Ngokusemthethweni, ukuqashwa kulo kwakungagunyaziswanga nganoma iyiphi indlela, kepha kwakunika inzuzo enhle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uDragunsky wacelwa ukuba enze iqembu elincane elifanayo eMosestrad. Umsebenzi wezincwadi kaViktor Yuzefovich waqala ngokubhala imidwebo kanye namazwi wabaphangi. UZinovy Gerdt, u-Yevgeny Vesnik futhi besebancane kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi u-Yuri Yakovlev no-Rolan Bykov ababedlala ku "Blue Bird" - lelo kwakuyigama leqembu elidalwe ngu-Dragunsky.
I- "Blue Bird" iyadlala
10. Okuwukuphela kwesipiliyoni somsebenzi kaDragunsky ebhayisikobho kwakuwukuqopha ifilimu ehlonishwayo nguMikhail Romm "Umbuzo waseRussia", lapho umlingisi adlala khona indawo yommemezeli womsakazo.
UDragunsky "embuzweni waseRussia"
11. "Izindaba zikaDenis" zokuqala eziyi-13 zabhalwa ebusika buka-1958/1959 edokweni elibandayo emaphethelweni. Ngokukhumbula kwabantu besikhathi sakhe, ngaphambi kwalokho wakhononda ngokuma okuthile emsebenzini wakhe. “Inyoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka” yahlakazwa - kwavela ukuncibilika kukaKhrushchev, kanye nezincazelo ezazithokozisa kakhulu izethameli ngesikhathi sikaStalin manje sezithathelwe indawo yimibhalo ecacile, kungasali ndawo yokubhuqa okucashile. Futhi manje ukumiswa kwathathelwa indawo ukusuka okubukhali.
Isibonelo sikaDenis Korablev, njengoba sekushiwo, kwakuyindodana yombhali. Umngane wakhe uMisha Slonov naye wayenesibonelo sangempela. Umngani wegama likaDenis Dragunsky kwakunguMikhail Slonim, ushone engozini yemoto ngo-2016.
Ama-prototypes. UDenis kwesobunxele
13. Sekukonke, uDragunsky wabhala 70 "izindaba zikaDenis." Ngokuya ngezindaba, amafilimu ayi-10 nesiqephu sezindaba ze-Yeralash newsreel. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uDragunsky wabhala izindaba ezimbili, ama-screenplay amaningi nemidlalo.
14. I-dacha, noma kunalokho, indlu yesikhashana (kamuva yaphenduka indlu) eyaba yindawo yokuzalwa "yezinganekwane zikaDenis", yaqashwa uViktor no-Alla Dragunsky kumhlaziyi wezincwadi uVladimir Zhdanov. Yena, eneminyaka engama-50 ubudala, wahlanekezela “ilanga” endaweni yokucima ukoma futhi wayehlala ehlambalaza uDragunsky ngokukhuluphala ngokweqile (uDragunsky wayengakhuluphele, kodwa wayenamakhilogremu angama-20 engeziwe). Umbhali uhleka kuphela okuhle-naturedly. UZhdanov, owayeneminyaka emibili emdala futhi wasinda kuDragunsky ngeminyaka eyi-9, wabulawa yizinkinga ngemuva kokuhlinzwa kwesikhumba okwakhethwa umdlavuza.
15. Kusukela emshadweni nomlingisi u-Elena Kornilova, owahlukana ngo-1937, uDragunsky waba nendodana eyashona ngo-2007. Wazalwa ngo-1937, uLeonid wazala isibongo sikanina. Waba yintatheli nomhleli owaziwayo futhi wasebenzela iphephandaba Izvestia isikhathi eside. Izincwadi eziningana ziphume ngaphansi kwepeni lakhe. ULeonid Kornilov wasungula indawo edumile yokushicilela incwadi kaMaroseyka. Unkosikazi wesibili kaViktor Yuzefovich, u-Alla Semichastnova, naye wayebandakanyekile emhlabeni wezobuciko - waphumelela e-VGIK. Emshadweni wesibili, ama-Dragoonskys ayenendodana, uDenis, nendodakazi, uKsenia. Indaba "Udadewethu uKsenia" inikezelwe ekufikeni kukamama noKsenia esibhedlela.
16. Unkosikazi wesibili wombhali, u-Alla, ukhulele endlini eku-Granovsky Street, lapho kwakuhlala khona abaholi abaningi baseSoviet. Wayenqekuzisa ikhanda ejwayelene nezingane zabo eziningi. Lapho uDragunsky enezinkinga ngenxa yokushoda kwemvume yokuhlala eMoscow, u-Alla waya kobona uVasily njengephini leSupreme Soviet, futhi isinqumo sendodana yomholi sasusa zonke izinkinga.
17. UViktor Yuzefovich waqoqa izinsimbi. Ifulethi labo elinamakamelo amathathu, abalithola ngemuva kokuphumelela kwezinganekwane zikaDenis, lalilengiswe ngezinsimbi. Abangane ababazi ngokuzijabulisa kombhali babaletha kuye bevela kuyo yonke indawo.
18. UDragoonsky wayeyihlaya eliphawulekayo. Ngolunye usuku wayevakashele eSweden futhi wabona iqembu lezivakashi zaseSoviet. Ukuthatha, njengoba wayekuqonda, ukuvela komfuduki waseRussia, umbhali wazama ukukhuluma nabo ngesiRashiya esaphukile. Izivakashi zabaleka ngokwesaba, kepha uViktor Yuzefovich usakwazi ukubamba eyodwa yazo. Kubonakala sengathi kwakungumngane wakudala wesikole sikaDragunsky, ababengambonanga iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30.
19. Kusukela ngo-1968, umbhali ubegula kakhulu. Okokuqala, wahlushwa kakhulu yimithambo yobuchopho, kwathi uDragoonsky wahlaselwa isifo sohlangothi. Waba nesimila ebuchosheni, futhi ngisho nokufa kwakhe, uViktor Yuzefovich wahlushwa ubuhlungu obukhulu.
20. UViktor Dragunsky washona ngoMeyi 6, 1972 futhi wangcwatshwa emathuneni aseVagankovsky.