Ngaphandle kokuthi i-nitrogen ayikwazi ukuqashelwa uma ingancibilikisiwe noma iqandiswe, ukubaluleka kwaleli gesi kubantu nempucuko kungokwesibili kuphela kwe-oxygen ne-hydrogen. I-nitrogen isetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zomsebenzi wabantu kusuka kwezokwelapha kuze kube sekukhiqizeni iziqhumane. Amakhulu ezigidi zamathani we-nitrogen kanye nemikhiqizo yawo ekhiqizwa minyaka yonke emhlabeni. Nawa amaqiniso ambalwa mayelana nokuthi i-nitrogen yatholakala kanjani, yacwaningwa kanjani, yakhiqizwa futhi yasetshenziswa kanjani:
1. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-17, osokhemisi abathathu ngasikhathi sinye - uHenry Cavendish, uJoseph Priestley noDaniel Rutherford - bakwazile ukuthola i-nitrogen. Kodwa-ke, akekho noyedwa kubo owayeqonda izakhiwo zegesi evelayo ngokwanele ukuthola into entsha. UPriestley waze wakudida nomoya-mpilo. URutherford wayengaguquguquki kakhulu ekuchazeni izakhiwo zegesi ezingasekeli umlilo futhi ezingaphenduli nezinye izinto, ngakho-ke wathola ama-lavilla.
UDaniel Rutherford
2. Empeleni “nitrogen” lo gesi waqanjwa ngu-Antoine Lavoisier, wasebenzisa igama lasendulo lesiGreki "elingenampilo".
3. Ngokomthamo, i-nitrogen ingu-4/5 womkhathi womhlaba. Izilwandle zomhlaba, uqweqwe lomhlaba nesambatho salo kuqukethe inani elikhulu le-nitrogen, kanti engutsheni iyi-oda lobukhulu obungaphezulu kukakhokho.
4. 2.5% wobunzima bazo zonke izinto eziphilayo eMhlabeni yi-nitrogen. Ngokuya ngengxenyenamba yesisindo ku-biosphere, le gesi ingeyesibili kuphela kumoya-mpilo, i-hydrogen nekhabhoni.
5. I-nitrogen eyi-pure njengoba igesi ayinabungozi, ayinaphunga futhi ayinambitheki. I-nitrogen iyingozi kuphela ekugxileni okuphezulu - ingadala ukudakwa, ukuminyaniswa nokufa. I-nitrogen nayo iyesabeka uma kwenzeka ukugula kwe-decompression, lapho igazi labasebenza emanzini, ngesikhathi sokukhuphuka ngokushesha okuvela ekujuleni okukhulu, kubonakala sengathi liyabila, futhi amabhamuza e-nitrogen aqhuma imithambo yegazi. Umuntu ophethwe ukugula okunjalo angakhuphukela phezulu ephila, kepha okungenani alahlekelwe yimilenze, kuthi okubi kakhulu afe emahoreni ambalwa.
6. Phambilini, i-nitrogen ibitholakala kumaminerali ahlukahlukene, kepha manje cishe amathani ayisigidi se-nitrogen ngonyaka akhishwa ngqo emkhathini.
7. I-Terminator yesibili yaba yiqhwa ku-nitrogen ewuketshezi, kepha le ndawo yesinema iyindaba eqanjiwe. I-nitrogen ewuketshezi inezinga lokushisa eliphansi impela, kepha amandla okushisa aleli gesi aphansi kakhulu kangangokuba isikhathi sokuqandisa ngisho nezinto ezincane amashumi emizuzu.
8. I-nitrogen ewuketshezi isetshenziswa ngenkuthalo kumayunithi wokupholisa ahlukahlukene (ukungena ngaphakathi kwezinye izinto kwenza i-nitrogen ibe yisiqandisi esihle) naku-cryotherapy - ukwelashwa okubandayo. Eminyakeni yamuva, i-cryotherapy isetshenziswe ngentshiseko kwezemidlalo.
9. I-nitrogen inertness isetshenziswa ngenkuthalo embonini yezokudla. Ekugcinweni nasekupakisheni ngomkhathi omsulwa we-nitrogen, imikhiqizo ingagcinwa isikhathi eside kakhulu.
Ukufakwa kokudala umoya we-nitrogen endaweni yokugcina ukudla
10. I-nitrogen kwesinye isikhathi isetshenziswa ekubhodleleni ubhiya esikhundleni se-carbon dioxide yendabuko. Kodwa-ke, ochwepheshe bathi amagwebu ayo mancane, futhi le khabhoni ayizifanele zonke izinyosi.
11. I-nitrogen iphonswa emakamelweni egiya lokwehlela izindiza ngezinhloso zokuphepha emlilweni.
12. I-nitrogen iyisetshenziswa sokucima umlilo esisebenza kahle kakhulu. Imililo ejwayelekile iyacishwa kuyaqabukela - igesi kunzima ukuyiletha ngokushesha endaweni yomlilo edolobheni, futhi ihwamuka ngokushesha ezindaweni ezivulekile. Kepha ezimayini, indlela yokucisha umlilo ngokususa umoya-mpilo nge-nitrogen emayini evuthayo ivame ukusetshenziswa.
13. I-nitric oxide I, eyaziwa kangcono njenge-nitrous oxide, isetshenziswa kokubili njenge-anesthetic kanye nento ethuthukisa ukusebenza kwenjini yemoto. Ayizishisi, kepha isekela amandla omlilo kahle.
Ungasheshisa ...
14. I-nitric oxide II yinto enobuthi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, itholakala ngamanani amancane kuzo zonke izinto eziphilayo. Emzimbeni womuntu, i-nitric oxide (njengoba le nto ibizwa kaningi) ikhiqizwa ukwenza kusebenze ukusebenza kwenhliziyo futhi ivimbele umfutho wegazi ophezulu nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Kulezi zifo, ukudla okubandakanya ama-beet, isipinashi, i-arugula neminye imifino kusetshenziselwa ukukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwe-nitric oxide.
15. INitroglycerin (inhlanganisela eyinkimbinkimbi ye-nitric acid ene-glycerin), amaphilisi afakwa kuwo ama-cores ngaphansi kolimi, nokuqhuma okuqine kakhulu okunegama elifanayo, kuyinto eyodwa futhi efanayo.
16. Ngokuvamile, iningi leziqhumane zesimanje zenziwa kusetshenziswa i-nitrogen.
17. I-nitrogen nayo ibalulekile ekukhiqizeni umanyolo. Umanyolo we-nitrogen wona ubaluleke kakhulu ekukhiqizeni isivuno.
18. Ishubhu le-thermometer ye-mercury liqukethe i-silvery mercury ne-nitrogen engenambala.
19. I-nitrogen ayitholakali nje kuphela eMhlabeni. Umkhathi weTitan, inyanga enkulu kunazo zonke kaSaturn, ucishe ube yi-nitrogen ngokuphelele. I-Hydrogen, i-oxygen, i-helium ne-nitrogen yizinto ezine ezivame kakhulu zamakhemikhali endaweni yonke.
Umkhathi we-nitrogen kaTitan ungaphezu kwamakhilomitha angama-400 ubukhulu
20. NgoNovemba 2017, intombazane yazalelwa e-United States ngenxa yenqubo engajwayelekile. Unina wathola umbungu owawugcinwe efriziwe ku-nitrogen ewuketshezi iminyaka engama-24. Ukukhulelwa nokubeletha kwahamba kahle, intombazane yazalwa iphilile.
