IKazhedral Cathedral ingesinye sezindawo ezidume kakhulu eSt. Kungokwamathempeli amakhulu kunawo wonke edolobheni futhi kuyisakhiwo sakudala sokwakha. Phakathi kwamatshe esikhumbuzo aphambi kwethempeli iBI Orlovsky kwafakwa izithombe ezimbili - uKutuzov noBarclay de Tolly.
Umlando wokwakhiwa kweKazan Cathedral eSt
Ukwakhiwa kwethempeli elikhulu kwaqala ngekhulu le-19 futhi kwathatha iminyaka eyi-10 ende, kusuka ku-1801 kuya ku-1811. Umsebenzi wenziwa esizeni sokuzalwa kukaJesu okuwohlokile kwesonto laseTheotokos. Odumile ngaleso sikhathi u-A.N.Voronikhin wakhethwa njengomakhi. Kusetshenziselwa izinto zasekhaya kuphela: i-limestone, i-granite, imabula, itshe lePudost. Ngo-1811, ukungcweliswa kwethempeli ekugcineni kwenzeka. Ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kamuva, isithonjana saseKazan sikaMama kaNkulunkulu, esidume ngokwenza izimangaliso, sathunyelwa kuye ukuze sigcinwe ngokuphepha.
Eminyakeni yokubusa kweSoviet, eyayinombono omubi ngenkolo, izinto eziningi ezibizayo (isiliva, imifanekiso, izinto zangaphakathi) zakhishwa esontweni. Ngo-1932, kwavalwa ngokuphelele futhi akazange abe nezinsizakalo kuze kube ukuwa kwe-USSR. Ngo-2000, sanikezwa isikhundla se-cathedral, futhi eminyakeni engu-8 kamuva, umkhuba wesibili wokuzinikezela wenziwa.
Incazelo emfushane
Ithempeli lakhiwa ngokuhlonipha isithonjana esiyisimangaliso saseKazan sikaMama kaNkulunkulu, okuyithempeli laso elibaluleke kakhulu. Umbhali wale phrojekthi ubambelele kwisitayela sokwakha "uMbuso", elingisa amasonto oMbuso WaseRoma. Akumangazi-ke ukuthi umnyango weKazan Cathedral uhlotshiswe ngompheme omuhle owenziwe ngendlela eyindilinga.
Lesi sakhiwo sinwebeke ngamamitha angama-72.5 ukusuka eNtshonalanga kuya eMpumalanga namamitha angama-57 ukusuka eNyakatho kuya eNingizimu. Ithweswe umqhele wedome ebekwe ngamamitha angama-71.6 ngenhla komhlaba. Lo mculo ugcwaliswa ngama-pilasters amaningi nezithombe eziqoshiwe. Ngasohlangothini lweNevsky Prospect ubingelelwa yizithombe zika-Alexander Nevsky, iSt. UVladimir, Andrew the First-Called noJohn the Baptist. Izithombe ezisisekelo ezibonisa izigcawu ezivela empilweni kaMama kaNkulunkulu zitholakala ngaphezu kwamakhanda abo.
E-facade yethempeli kunezindawo ezinamakholomu ayisithupha ezine- "All-Seeing Eye" ezosiza, ezihlotshiswe ngezisekelo ezingunxantathu. Ingxenye yonke engenhla ihlotshiswe nge-attic voluminous. Umumo wesakhiwo uqobo ulingisa ukwakheka kwesiphambano sesiLatin. Ama-cornices amakhulu ahambisana nesithombe sonke.
Igumbi elikhulu le-cathedral lihlukaniswe ngama-naves amathathu (ama-corridor) - ohlangothini naphakathi. Ifana nesonto laseRoma ngesimo. Amakholomu amakhulu e-granite asebenza njengama-partitions. Ukufakwa kuphezu kwamamitha ayi-10 ukuphakama futhi kuhlotshiswe ngama-rosettes. I-Alabaster yasetshenziselwa ukudala ukwethembeka emsebenzini. Iphansi ligandaywe ngomfanekiso we-marble-grey-pink. Ipulpiti ne-altare eKazan Cathedral kunezindawo ezine-quartzite.
Isonto lombhishobhi ligcina itshe lethuna lomholi wezempi odumile uKutuzov. Izungezwe ngethango elenziwe ngumakhi ofanayo uVoronikhin. Kukhona nokhiye bamadolobha awela ngaphansi kwakhe, izinduku zamashalaki nezindebe ezahlukahlukene.
Ukuphi i-cathedral
Lokhu ungakuthola ekhelini: St Petersburg, eKazanskaya Square, indlu 2. Itholakala eduze ne-Griboyedov Canal, ngakolunye uhlangothi izungezwe yiNevsky Prospekt, kanti kolunye uhlangothi - iVoronikhinsky Square. Umgwaqo waseKazanskaya useduze. Ekuhambeni kwemizuzu engu-5 kunesiteshi semetro "iGostiny Dvor". Umbono othakazelisa kakhulu we-cathedral uvula ohlangothini lwendawo yokudlela yaseTerrace, kusuka lapha kubukeka ngathi kusesithombeni.
Yini ngaphakathi
Ngaphezu kwethempeli elikhulu lomuzi (i-Kazan Icon of the Mother of God), kunemisebenzi eminingi yabadwebi abadumile bekhulu le-18-19 leminyaka. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
- USergey Bessonov;
- ULavrenty Bruni;
- UKarl Bryullov;
- IPetr Basin;
- UVasily Shebuev;
- UGrigory Ugryumov.
Ngamunye walaba baculi unikele ekudwebeni kwamaphylon nezindonga. Bathathe umsebenzi wozakwethu base-Italy njengesisekelo. Zonke izithombe zisesitayeleni semfundo. Isigcawu esithi "Ukungeniswa kweNtombi Enyameni siye ezulwini" kuvele kwaba kuhle kakhulu. Okuthakazelisa eKazan Cathedral yi-iconostasis evuselelwe, ehlotshiswe ngokucebile ngokuhlobisa.
Amathiphu awusizo ezivakashi
Nakhu okufanele ukwazi:
- Izintengo zamathikithi - ukungena ethempelini elikhululekile kumahhala.
- Izinsizakalo zibanjwa nsuku zonke.
- Amahora wokuvula aphakathi nezinsuku kusuka ngo-8: 30 ekuseni kuze kube sekupheleni kwenkonzo yakusihlwa, ewela ngo-20: 00. Kuvulwa ngehora ngaphambi kukaMgqibelo kuya ngeSonto.
- Kukhona ithuba loku-oda umcimbi womshado, ubhapathizo, ipanikhida nenkonzo yomkhuleko.
- Usuku lonke, kukhona umpristi osebenza ethempelini elikhulu, ongathintwa kuzo zonke izindaba ezithintekayo.
- Abesifazane kufanele bagqoke isiketi ngaphansi kwamadolo futhi bafake iduku ekhanda elimbozwe ngamathempeli. Izimonyo azemukelekile.
- Ungathatha isithombe, kodwa hhayi ngesikhathi senkonzo.
Kukhona ukuvakasha kweqembu nokwabantu ngabazungeze i-cathedral nsuku zonke, okuhlala imizuzu engama-30-60. Ukuze uthole umnikelo, bangenziwa ngabasebenza ethempelini, akukho hlelo oluthile lapha. Lolu hlelo lubandakanya ukujwayela umlando wethempeli, ukuhlolwa kwezindawo zalo ezingcwele, izinsalela nokwakhiwa kwazo. Ngalesi sikhathi, izivakashi akufanele zikhulume kakhulu, ziphazamise abanye futhi zihlale emabhentshini. Okuhlukile eKazan Cathedral kwenzelwa asebekhulile kuphela nabantu abakhubazekile.
Sincoma ukubona iHagia Sophia Cathedral.
Uhlelo lwezinsizakalo: izinkonzo zakusasa - 7:00, sekwephuzile - 10:00, kusihlwa - 18:00.
Amaqiniso Athandekayo
Umlando wethempeli ucebile impela! Isonto elidala, ngemuva kokubhujiswa okwakhiwa kulo iKazan Cathedral entsha, laliyindawo yemicimbi ebalulekile eRussia:
- 1739 - Umshado wePrince Anton Ulrich neNkosazana Anna Leopoldovna.
- 1741 - uCatherine II omkhulu wanikela ngenhliziyo yakhe kuMbusi uPeter III.
- 1773 - umshado wePrincess of Hesse-Darmstadt noPaul I.
- 1811 - ukubuyiselwa kwesifungo sebutho kuCatherine II.
- 1813 - umkhuzi omkhulu uM. Kutuzov wangcwatshwa esontweni elisha. Izindebe nokhiye abavela emadolobheni awela ngaphansi kwakhe nazo zigcinwa lapha.
- 1893 - umqambi omkhulu uPyotr Tchaikovsky wabanjelwa eKazan Cathedral.
- Ngo-1917 - ukhetho lokuqala nolukuphela kombhishobhi obusayo lwenzeka lapha. Ngemuva kwalokho uMbhishobhi uBenjamin waseGdovsky wanqoba.
- Ngo-1921, kwahlanjululwa i-altare elisehlangothini lobusika le-Holy Martyr Hermogenes.
Isonto lombhishobhi selidume kakhulu kangangokuba kukhona nohlamvu lwemali lwama-ruble angama-25 olusakazwayo nesithombe salo. Ikhishwe ngo-2011 yiBhange LaseRussia ngokusakazwa kwezicucu eziyi-1,500. Igolide elisezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu, i-925, lasetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kwalo.
Okuthakazelisa kakhulu ithempeli eliyinhloko lesonto lombhishobhi - isithonjana sikaMama kaNkulunkulu. Ngo-1579, kwaqubuka umlilo omkhulu eKazan, kodwa umlilo awuzange usithinte isithonjana, futhi sahlala singaphelele ngaphansi kwenqwaba yomlotha. Emasontweni amabili kamuva, uMama kaNkulunkulu wavela entombazaneni uMatrona Onuchina wayitshela ukuthi imbe isithombe sayo. Akukaziwa namanje ukuthi ngabe le yikhophi noma eyangempela yini.
Amahemuhemu athi ngesikhathi seNguquko yango-Okthoba, amaBolsheviks athatha isithombe sokuqala seNcasakazi eKazan Cathedral, futhi lolu hlu lwabhalwa kuphela ngekhulu le-19. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, izimangaliso eziseduze kwesithonjana ziyaqhubeka ukwenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile.
IKazan Cathedral iyisakhiwo esibaluleke kakhulu eSt. Petersburg, okuyinto engenakwenzeka ukuthola okufana nayo. Kuphoqelekile ukufakwa emizileni eminingi yokuvakasha eSt. Petersburg, edlula minyaka yonke izinkulungwane zezivakashi ezivela ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zomhlaba. Kuyisiza esibalulekile sefa lamasiko, lenkolo nokwakhiwa kweRussia.
