IChibi iBaikal lingumzimba wamanzi angenasawoti omkhulu kunayo yonke emhlabeni. Ngaphezulu kwamakhilomitha angama-23,000 wamanzi ahlanzekile agcinwa ekujuleni kwawo izizukulwane ezizayo, okungu-4/5 wezinqolobane zaseRussia zoketshezi olubaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni kanye ne-1/5 yezinqolobane zomhlaba. Ubukhulu bayo buyamangalisa: ubude ukusuka eningizimu-ntshonalanga kuya enyakatho-mpumalanga kungaphezu kwamakhilomitha angama-700, ububanzi buyi-25-80 km. IBaikal iyindawo ehlukile yamaholide. Kukhona izinganekwane nezingoma eziningi mayelana nedamu. Amakhulu ezinkulungwane zabahambi abavela eRussia nakwamanye amazwe amaningi omhlaba afisa ukuyivakashela.
Likuphi iLake Baikal?
Itholakala maphakathi ne-Asia, engxenyeni eseningizimu ye-Eastern Siberia. Ubuso bamanzi echibini ngumngcele wesifunda sase-Irkutsk kanye neRiphabhlikhi yaseBuryatia. Izixhumanisi zingokulandelayo: 53 ° 13'00 ″ s. sh. 107 ° 45'00 "ku. Ibanga ukusuka ogwini oluseningizimu lwechibi ukuya emngceleni neMongolia yi-114 km, kuya emngceleni neChina - 693 km. Idolobha eliseduze yi-Irkutsk (69 km ukusuka echibini).
Izimbali nezilwane
Isimo seChibi iBaikal simangaza izihambi. Indawo yokugcina amanzi inezinhlobo zezilwane nezinyoni ezingaphezu kuka-2 600. Ngaphezu kwe-50% yazo itholakala kuphela kuleli chibi. Ogwini lwesiziba kutholakala:
- amaBhele;
- hares;
- izimpisi;
- ama-wolverines;
- izimpungushe;
- ukuqeda;
- ama-tarbagans;
- izinyamazane ezibomvu;
- amaprotheni;
- i-moose;
- izingulube.
Ezilwaneni zasolwandle, kuphela izimpawu noma izimpawu, njengoba amaBuryats ezibiza kanjalo, ezihlobisa umgexo wemvelo. Idamu ligcwele izinhlanzi. Bhukuda ekujuleni kwechibi:
- i-omuli (inhlanzi evela ku-salmon yohlobo);
- mpunga;
- i-roach;
- i-sturgeon;
- i-burbot;
- i-taimen;
- lenki;
- ama-perches;
- sorogi;
- ama-id nama-pikes;
- golomyanka.
Abameleli bokugcina bezilwane bahlukile kulokho izimpaphe ezikhethekile zokubhukuda ezinwelela kulo lonke ubude bemizimba yazo. Izicubu ze-sirloin yazo ziyingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zamafutha. Cishe zonke izinhlanzi ezichazwe ngenhla zingabanjwa eLake Baikal ngemishini ekhethekile (izinduku, amanetha, njll.) Kanye nesifiso.
Imfuyo echibini uqobo kanye nogu lwayo nakho kuhlukile. Amaphayini, ama-spruces, imisedari, i-fir, i-birch, i-larch, i-pops balsamic ne-alder zikhula eduze nedamu. Kusuka ezihlahleni, i-bird cherry, i-currant ne-rosemary yasendle yaseSiberia zivamile, okuthi njalo entwasahlobo zijabulise abantu ngombala omuhle we-pink-lilac nephunga elimnandi.
Kunoma ikuphi ukujula echibini, ungathola izipanji zamanzi angenasawoti - izilwane eziqukethe kuphela izicubu ezihlukene nezendlalelo zamaseli.
Amaqiniso Athandekayo
IChibi iBaikal linevolumu enkulu hhayi ngenxa yendawo yalo enkulu. Ngokusho kwalesi sikhombisi, indawo yokugcina yemvelo ithatha indawo yesi-7 kuphela emhlabeni. Ukuphepha kwamanzi kuqinisekiswa ngokujula okukhulu kwechibi lamachibi. IBaikal yichibi elijule kakhulu emhlabeni. Kwenye yezindawo, phansi ngamamitha ayi-1642 ukusuka ebusweni bamanzi. Isilinganiso sokujula ngamamitha ayi-730. Ukugcwalisa ngokuphelele isitsha sedamu, kungadingeka ukuphoqa yonke imifula yomhlaba ukuthi inikeze ukugeleza kwayo kungakapheli izinsuku ezingama-200.
Ngokwemininingwane esemthethweni, imifula engaphezu kuka-300 ingena echibini iBaikal. Kodwa iningi lazo lincane kakhulu. Ububanzi bemifula engenayo abudluli kumamitha angama-50. Kunemifudlana emikhulu emithathu kuphela ehambisa amanzi ayo echibini.Munye kuphela umfula ophuma echibini - i-Angara.
Kuneziqhingi ezingama-36 ezisakazeke ngaphezulu kwamanzi. Indawo yesiqephu esikhulu somhlaba, i-Olkhon, ingama-730 km². Emabhange ayo kunezindawo zokudoba ezi-2: iYalga neKhuzhir.
I-Circum-Baikal Railway isebenza ngasogwini oluseningizimu - isakhiwo sobunjiniyela esiyinkimbinkimbi kunazo zonke, ngenkathi kwakhiwa okwakhiwa imigudu eyishumi nambili, i-viaducts namabhuloho.
Inkinga enkulu yaleli chibi ubunzima bokuvikela izitshalo nezilwane kubazingeli abangekho emthethweni. Ngenxa yensimu enkulu yedamu nezindawo ezakhelene nayo, ukuba khona ogwini lwamatheku nezindawo eziningi ezincane, kunzima kakhulu ukulandela umkhondo wokwephula umthetho ngisho nangezindlela zesimanje zobuchwepheshe zokufuna izindiza zamanzi nabantu.
Amaholide ngo-2019 eChibini iBaikal
Kunamadolobhana nezindawo eziningi zokungcebeleka ezihlakazeke osebeni. Abakhulu kunabo bonke yilezi:
- UListyanka - idolobhana elisendaweni yomthombo we-Angara. Iqukethe okuwukuphela komnyuziyamu okunikezelwe echibini. Futhi edolobhaneni namaphethelo, izivakashi zizothanda iSt. Nicholas Church, eyakhiwe ngekhulu le-19, kanye nokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo nokwakheka kwezizwe "iTaltsy", lapho ungafunda khona ukweluka kusuka ku-birch bark nokubumba ngodaka.
- USlyudyanka Ingabe idolobha elincane elisogwini oluseningizimu-ntshonalanga. Kuyaziwa eRussia ngenxa yokuba khona kwesiteshi sesitimela esakhiwe ngemabula - lapho kuqalwa khona i-Circum-Baikal Railway kanye nomnyuziyamu we-mineralogical.
- Goryachinsk - indawo endala echibini. Yasungulwa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-18 ngoku-oda kukaCatherine II. Imithombo yayo ilungele ukwelashwa, futhi indawo yayo enhle enesihlabathi yezithombe ezinhle. Izithombe zalesi siqhingi zingatholakala ezincwadini zokuqondisa ezanyatheliswa ngekhulu le-19.
- Amakati Amakhulu - Umzana otholakala ebangeni elingamakhilomitha ambalwa ukusuka eListvyanka. Inesizinda se-Institute of Biology aquarium nezimayini ezindala eziqondile lapho igolide lavukuzwa khona eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule.
- I-Peschanaya Bay - indawo eyingqayizivele, okuwukuphela kwekhoneni lesimo sezulu saseMedithera eSiberia. Iphelele emaholidini asehlobo ngama "savages" ematendeni, enamalangabi omlilo neziginci.
Amabhasi noma izitimela zabagibeli zigijimela njalo kulezi zindawo zokungcebeleka. Amaphuzu asele angafinyelelwa kuphela ngemoto noma ngamatekisi ahamba ngendlela engaguquki. Ukuba kude kwendawo yokuvakasha kusuka ezikhungweni ezinkulu zezokuthutha kuyalela izinga lentengo. Ngakho-ke, izindleko eziphakeme kakhulu zokuhlala ezindlini zezivakashi nasezikhungweni zokungcebeleka ziyabonakala eSlyudyanka, okuyindawo ephansi kunazo zonke ezindaweni ezisogwini olusenyakatho-mpumalanga yechibi.
Yini okufanele uyenze echibini nxazonke?
Phuza amanzi amaminerali.Ezinye izindawo zokungcebeleka zeLake Baikal (Goryachinsk, Khakusy, Dzelinda) ziyi-balneological. Abantu abanezifo zohlelo lwe-musculoskeletal, nervous, genitourinary, cardiovascular system bangathatha amabhati okuphulukisa futhi baphuze amanzi amaminerali kulezi zindawo.
Sikukwazisa ukuthi ufunde ngeLake Nyos.
Vakashela izivakashi. Ngasogwini lweLake Baikal kunezindlela zokuvakasha ezingamakhulu amaningana. Ngokujwayelekile, zonke izizinda ezenziwa ngemihlahlandlela evela esifundeni sase-Irkutsk naseRiphabhlikhi yaseBuryatia zingahlukaniswa:
- ubuzwe;
- izifundo zesifunda;
- zomlando;
- umlando wemvelo.
Iningi lohambo lwenziwa izakhamuzi zasogwini lwedamu. Bayakujabulela ukukhombisa izihambi izindawo zokuthatha izithombe ezinhle.
Hamba izintaba. Imizila yokuhamba izintaba, enqamula emahlathini nasezintabeni eziseduze neLake Baikal, isetshenziselwa ukunyuka kwazo zonke izigaba zobunzima. Zihlala kusuka ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya kwezingu-30. Ukuhlolwa okunjalo kukwenza ukwazi ukubona ngamehlo akho bonke ubuhle bemvelo, uthole okuvelayo okuningi okuhle futhi uthole amakhono athile adingekayo ukuze usinde (funda ukwenza imililo, ukupheka ukudla emoyeni ovulekile, ukuwela imifula).
Jabulela isikhathi sakho lapho uhamba ngesikebhe. Ebusweni bamanzi echibini, kwenziwa izinqola eziyizinkulungwane eziningana minyaka yonke. Ezinye zazo zihlose ukukhombisa izivakashi izindawo ezinhle kakhulu echibini kanye nezindawo ezikhangayo ezisogwini lweLake Baikal, kanti ezinye zizinikele ngokuphelele ekudobeni. Imizila ye-cruise yohlobo lokuqala yakhiwe ukuze izihambi zihlole amanzi namachibi, zivakashele iminyuziyamu edume kakhulu eseduze nedamu. Izindleko zohlobo lwesibili lokuvakasha zifaka phakathi ukuqashwa kwemishini yokudoba kanye nezinsizakalo zabaqaphi bamageyimu abanolwazi abaziyo ukuthi bangazitholaphi izinhlanzi zeBaikal ezibaluleke kakhulu futhi ezimnandi.
Ukubhukuda nokushiswa yilanga. Amabhishi eChibi iBaikal ayizindawo ezinhle zokubhukuda nokuthola ithani elilinganayo. Iningi lamakhona athokomele asogwini ambozwe isihlabathi esihle. Ehlobo, lapho amanzi aseduze namabhishi efudumala aze afike ku- + 17-19 ° C, wonke umuntu unethuba lokubhukuda futhi ezwe ubumsulwa namandla aleli chibi elikhulu ngemizimba yabo.
Funda imidlalo eyeqisayo. IBaikal ingenye yezindawo eziyizintandokazi zemidlalo eyingozi yaseRussia. Ehlobo, izitimela ziyaziqeqesha ebusweni bamanzi echibi:
- ukuntweza;
- ukushaywa ngumoya;
- i-kiting;
- ukudilika emanzini;
- i-snorkeling.
Njalo ngonyaka ngoMashi, imincintiswano ibanjwa eqhweni ledamu ku:
- ukalishi;
- i-motocross;
- i-quadrocross;
- isivinini somgwaqo;
- enduro.
Esibhakabhakeni seChibi iBaikal ngalesi sikhathi, kwenziwa imincintiswano yamapharashuthi.
