Kucatshangwa ukuthi iLake Balkhash yatholwa nangaphambi kwenkathi yethu ngamaShayina, ayegcina ubuhlobo obuseduze nezizwe zase-Asia Ephakathi. Laba bantu bamnika igama elingajwayelekile elithi "Si-Hai", okuhunyushwa kuzwakala njenge "Western Sea". Emlandweni wamakhulu eminyaka ikhona, ichibi seliqanjwe kabusha amaTurkey ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa: okokuqala kwaba yi- "Ak-Dengiz", bese kuba yi- "Kukcha-Dengiz". AmaKazakh azilinganisela egameni elilula - "Tengiz" (ulwandle). Uhambo olukhulu lokuqala oluya kulezi zindawo lwaqala maphakathi nekhulu le-18.
Likuphi iLake Balkhash
Izinto ezitholakala empumalanga yeKazakhstan, 400 km ukusuka eKaraganda. Iphethe izifunda ezintathu zezwe ngasikhathi sinye - iKaragadinsky, iAlmaty neZhambyl. Idamu lizungezwe yizihlabathi ezimbili ezinkulu ezinesihlabathi. Ohlangothini oluseningizimu luzungezwe izintaba eziphansi zeChu-Ili, kanti entshonalanga kuneziqhingi ezinhle ezinamagquma amancane. Ogwini kunamadolobhana namadolobhana amaningana - iBalkhash, i-Priozersk, iLepsy, iChubar-Tyubek. Izixhumanisi ezifiselekayo: ububanzi - 46 ° 32'27 "s. sh., i-longitude - 74 ° 52'44 "ku. njll.
Indlela elula kunazo zonke yokufika kule ndawo ivela eKaraganda nase-Astana. Kusuka kula madolobha kunamabhasi nezitimela eziya esiteshini. I-Balkhash. Isikhathi sokuhamba cishe amahora angama-9. Awukwazi ukufinyelela ogwini ngemoto, ukupaka eduze kwamanzi akuvunyelwe.
Incazelo yokuheha
Igama elithi "Balkhash" lihunyushelwa olimini lwesiRussia ngokuthi "izigaxa eziswampini". Leli chibi linemvelaphi yemvelo, livele njengomphumela wokungalingani okulinganayo kwepuleti laseTuran nokugcwala kwezikhukhula ezakhiwe, mhlawumbe esikhathini sesibili senkathi yeCenozoic. Kuneziqhingi eziningi ezincane nezimbili ezinkulu - iBasaral neTasaral. Ebhekisa eLake Balkhash ekuchitheni noma ekungapheli, kunembile ukukhetha inketho yesibili, ngoba ayinayo ipayipi.
Umcengezi, ngokusho kososayensi, ubonakala ngendawo engalingani enokuhluka okukhulu kokuphakama. Engxenyeni esentshonalanga, phakathi kweCape Korzhyntubek neTasaral Island, ukujula okukhulu kunakho konke kungamamitha ayi-11. Empumalanga, lesi sibalo sikhuphukela kuma-27 m. Ngakolunye uhlangothi lolwandle, kunamadwala angama-20-30 m ukuphakama, kanti kolunye uhlangothi, ayalingana, awekho ngaphezu kwamamitha amabili Ngenxa yalokhu, amanzi avame ukuphuma emfuleni. Kwakhiwa amabhayi amaningi amancane namakhulu.
IBalkhash ilala isibili ngemuva koLwandle iCaspian ohlwini lwamachibi anosawoti aphikelelayo emhlabeni. Futhi inkulu kunazo zonke eKazakhstan.
Nazi ezinye izici ezimbalwa zamachibi:
- ivolumu ephelele ayidluli ku-120 km²;
- indawo icishe ibe yizinkulungwane eziyi-16 km²;
- ukuphakama ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle - cishe ama-300 m;
- Ubukhulu beLake Balkhash: ubude - 600 km, ububanzi engxenyeni esentshonalanga - kufika ku-70 km, nasempumalanga - kufika ku-20 km;
- kuneziqhingi ezingama-43, ezikhula kuzo eminyakeni edlule ngenxa yokwehla kwezinga lamanzi esitsheni;
- ugu alilingani kakhulu, ubude balo okungenani buyi-2300 km;
- imifula egelezela echibini - iLepsi, i-Aksu, iKaratal, i-Ayaguz ne-Ili;
- usawoti wamanzi empumalanga awudluli ku-5.2%, kuthi entshonalanga ahlanzekile;
- ukudla kunikezwa ngamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, izinguzunga zeqhwa, iqhwa nemvula.
Izilwane echibini azihlukile kakhulu; kunezinhlobo ezingama-20 kuphela zezinhlanzi ezihlala lapha. Ngezinhloso zezimboni, babamba i-carp, i-bream, i-pike perch ne-asp. Kepha izinyoni zaba nenhlanhla enkulu - lezi zindawo zikhethwe yizinhlobo zezinyoni ezingaba ngu-120, ezinye zazo ezibhalwe kuRed Book. Izimbali eziheha izazi zezitshalo nazo zihluke kakhulu.
Yini eyenza indawo ihluke
Okuthokozisayo ukuthi leli chibi linezindishi ezimbili, ezihluke kakhulu ngenxa yezimpawu zamanzi. Njengoba zihlukaniswe yi-isthmus 4 km ububanzi, azithintani. Ngenxa yalokhu, kuba nobunzima ekunqumeni uhlobo lwamachibi, anosawoti noma amasha, ngakho-ke iLake Balkhash ibizwa ngokuthi amanzi angenasawoti. Okungathandeki kangako ukuthi izinga lokumaminerali kwamanzi lihluke kakhulu kulezi zingxenye ezimbili.
Izazi zejografi nezazi zezitshalo nazo ziyamangala ngokuma kwendawo okukhona kuyo ichibi, ngoba isimo sezulu sezwekazi, umoya owomile, imvula ephansi kanye nokuntuleka kwamapayipi okuhambisa amanzi akuzange kube nomthelela ekuveleni kwayo.
Izici zesimo sezulu
Isimo sezulu kule ndawo sijwayelekile ezingwadule; kushisa kakhulu ehlobo, ngoJulayi umoya ungafinyelela ku-30 ° C. Izinga lokushisa lamanzi liphansi kancane, lingu-20-25 ° C, futhi ngokuvamile lilungele ukubhukuda. Ebusika, isikhathi seqhwa siyafika, amakhaza abukhali afinyelela ku -14 ° C. Amanzi ajwayele ukuba yiqhwa ngoNovemba, futhi iqhwa liyancibilika lisondele ku-Ephreli. Ubukhulu bayo bungafika kumitha. Ngenxa yenani eliphansi lemvula, isomiso sivame kakhulu lapha. Kuvunguza imimoya enamandla lapha, idale amagagasi aphezulu.
Inganekwane ethokozisayo ngokubukeka kwechibi
Umsuka weLake Balkhash unezimfihlo zawo. Uma ukholelwa inganekwane endala, khona-ke kulezi zindawo kwakuhlala umlumbi ocebile uBalkhash, owayefuna ngempela ukushada nendodakazi yakhe enhle. Ukuze enze lokhu, wabiza abazobhapathizwa kahle kakhulu enhliziyweni yentombazane evela ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomhlaba. Bekufanele iye kumuntu oqinile, omuhle futhi ocebile. Vele, amadodana ombusi waseChina, abathengisi baseMongol khan nabakwaBukhara abakwazanga ukulahlekelwa leli thuba. Bafike bavakashela izipho eziningi zokupha ngethemba lenhlanhla. Kodwa enye insizwa, umalusi olula, ayizange inanaze ukuza ingenamali, futhi, njengenhlanhla engaba nayo, yiyo eyayithanda umakoti.
UKaratal, okwakuyigama lale nsizwa, wabamba iqhaza empini futhi wayinqoba ngokwethembeka le mpi. Kodwa uyise wentombazane wayengajabule ngalokhu futhi, ethukuthele kakhulu, wamxosha. Inhliziyo kamakoti ayikwazanga ukumelana nalokhu, futhi ebusuku u-Ili washiya indlu kayise kanye nokhethiweyo wakhe. Lapho uyise ethola ngokuphunyuka, wabaqalekisa bobabili baba yimifula emibili. Amanzi abo agijimela emithambekeni yezintaba, futhi ukuze bangaze bahlangane, umthakathi wawela phakathi kwabo. Kusukela ekuthokozeni okukhulu, waphenduka waba mpunga futhi waphendukela kuleli chibi.
Izinkinga zemvelo echibini
Kunenkinga ebucayi yokwehla okusebenzayo kwevolumu yeLake Balkhash ngokuxhumene nokwanda kwamanzi okuphuma emifuleni egelezela kuwo, ikakhulukazi evela e-Ili. Umthengi wayo omkhulu ngabantu baseChina. Izazi zemvelo zithi uma lokhu kuqhubeka, idamu lingaphindaphinda isiphetho soLwandle i-Aral, eselome ngokuphelele. Isitshalo se-metallurgical sedolobha iBalkhash naso siyingozi, ukukhishwa kwaso okungcolisa ichibi futhi kubangele ukulimala okungenakulungiseka kuso.
Ungahlala kuphi
Njengoba idamu liyigugu ngamathuba alo okuzijabulisa, kunezindawo eziningi osebeni lwazo lapho ungahlala khona unethezekile. Nazi ezimbalwa zazo:
- isikhungo sokungcebeleka "iSwall's's Nest" eTorangalyk;
- idolobha dispensary e Balkhash;
- isakhiwo sehhotela "Pegas";
- indlu yokugibela "Gulfstream";
- ihhotela "Pearl".
Sikukwazisa ukuthi ufunde nge-Issyk-Kul Lake.
Izindleko zokuhlala egumbini elijwayelekile ngaphandle kokwelashwa nokudla cishe ama-ruble angama-2500 ngosuku ngamabili. Ukuphumula ezikhungweni zezivakashi kushibhile. Ama-sanatoriums eduze neLake Balkhash akhethwa lapho kunezinkinga zempilo.
Ukuzijabulisa nokuzilibazisa kwezivakashi
Ukudoba kudume kakhulu lapha, okuvunyelwe ezisekelweni ezikhethekile. Phakathi kwezivakashi, kukhona nabaningi abathanda ukuzingela i-pheasant, unogwaja noma idada lasendle. Isikhathi sonyaka sivame ukuvula ngoSepthemba futhi sihlala kuze kube sebusika. Kungenzeka futhi ukubamba izingulube zasendle nenja.
Ngenkathi efudumele, abantu beza lapha ikakhulukazi bezolungiselela ukuvakasha olwandle kanye ne-scuba diving ukuthatha izithombe ezinhle. Phakathi kwezikaqedisizungu ezikhona kubalwa ukushushuluza ngejet, amakhatholika nezikebhe. Ukuhamba ngeqhwa nokushushuluza eqhweni kuyathandwa ebusika. Ensimini yamahhotela nezibhedlela kukhona:
- ithenisi edlalwa etafuleni;
- ichibi;
- amabhiliyade;
- ukugibela amahhashi;
- i-sauna;
- cinema;
- i-bowling;
- ijimu;
- ukudlala i-paintball;
- ukugibela ibhayisikili.
Eduze kweLake Balkhash kukhona yonke ingqalasizinda edingekayo - isibhedlela, amakhemisi, izitolo. Ugu olusele dengwane lwakhethwa "ngabahlukumezi" abeza lapha namatende. Kukonke, lena indawo enhle yokuhlala!
