Kuzo zonke izinto nezinto eziyingqayizivele zesifunda saseMoscow, i-Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve ifanelwe ukunakwa okukhethekile - yaziwa emhlabeni wonke ngomsebenzi wayo osebenzayo ekubuyiseni inani lezinyathi. Le ndawo ijabulisa abalandeli be-ecotourism, imindeni enezingane nabantu abangenandaba neze nemvelo. Noma yisiphi isivakashi esifundeni kufanele sivakashele indawo yokubhuka; ideski layo lokuvakasha livulekile nsuku zonke.
Ngabe ikuphi indawo yokugcina i-Prioksko-Terrasny nokuthi yini edume ngakho
Le ndawo yokuvikela incane kunazo zonke izinqolobane eziseRussia, indawo etholakala ebhange elingakwesobunxele lase-Oka ingeqi kumahektha angama-4945, amanye awo ahlala ezindaweni eziseduze. Awekho ngaphezu kwamahektha angama-4,710 angaphansi kokuvikelwa okukhethekile kombuso.
Lesi siqiwi saziwa njengendawo yokugcina esindayo esifundeni saseMoscow enemvelo ehlanzekile, hhayi okungenani ngenxa yokungena kwayo kwi-World Network of Biosphere Reserves (kukhona ama-41 eRussia) futhi isebenza ekubuyiseleni inani lezinyathi ezingagudluki nokwandiswa kwe-gene pool yazo.
Umlando wokutholwa nentuthuko
Isidingo sokubuyisa inani lezinyathi ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 sasicacile. Ngo-1926, babengekho ngaphezu kwabantu abangama-52 abaphilayo kuwo wonke ama-zoo emhlabeni. Umsebenzi we-titanic kule ndlela waphazanyiswa iMpi Yezwe Yesibili, lapho izindawo ezivikelekile kanye nezinkulisa zavulwa khona manjalo e-USSR nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu. Ngesikhathi sokuqala kabusha umsebenzi (ngoJuni 19, 1945), indawo yasePrioksko-Terrasny yayiyingxenye yeMoscow State Reserve kanye nabanye abane; yathola isimo esizimele kuphela ngo-Ephreli 1948.
Ngenxa yesimo somnotho esinzima nokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda, ngo-1951 yonke imithombo ebekiwe, ngaphandle kwe-Prioksko-Terrasny esifundeni saseMoscow, yavalwa. Indawo enezimila ezingachazeki esifundeni esiseningizimu yeMoscow ("Oka Flora") igcinwe kuphela ngenxa yeCentral Bison Nursery evulwe eduze.
Bebona ubungozi balezi zindlela, ososayensi nabaphathi baqala ukufuna isimo sesitoreji semvelo semvelo kanye nokungena kwinethiwekhi yezinqolobane ze-UNESCO. Imizamo yabo yathwalwa ngempumelelo ngo-1979; njengamanje, indawo yesigcini iqhubeka ngokuqapha izinkomba zemvelo kanye nezinguquko ekwakhekeni kwemvelo ngaphansi kohlaka lwazo zonke izinhlelo zaseRussia nezamazwe omhlaba.
Izimbali nezilwane zasendaweni yokulondolozwa i-Prioksko-Terrasny
Kuyafaneleka ukuqala ngezitshalo: okungenani kunezitshalo eziphakeme ezingama-960 esiqiwini, ama-93% endawo ahlala emahlathini ahlabayo futhi axubekile. Okusele kugadla emahlathini asendulo asemaqeleni, kuphindwe kuboshwe izingcwecwe ze-sphagnum kanye nezicucu ze- "Oka flora" - izindawo ezihlukile zezimila ezisemathafeni nasemathafeni aseduzane nomfula. Ngokugcina ukusebenza kwemvelo endaweni ephakeme njalo, ukuhamba emizileni yokulondolozwa kwemvelo kungokuhlangenwe nakho okumnandi kukodwa.
Izilwane azikho ngaphansi kwezimbali futhi ziyedlula ngandlela thile: indawo yokugcina izilwane i-Prioksko-Terrasny iyikhaya lezinhlobo zezinyoni eziyi-140, izilwane ezincelisayo ezingama-57, izilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini ezihuquzelayo eziwu-5. Ngokubheka le ndawo encane uma kuqhathaniswa, kukhona ama-artiodactyls amaningi kakhulu emahlathini esiqiwi - izinyamazane, izinyamazane ezibomvu nezama-sika, izinyamazane ze-roe zitholakala yonke indawo futhi ziyabonakala kakhulu ebusika. Izingulube zasendle azibonwa kakhulu; impungushe yisilwane esidla kakhulu kuleyo ndawo. Izakhamizi zokuqala zale ndawo - ama-lagomorphs, izingwejeje, ama-ermine, ama-ferrets asehlathini namanye amagundane - amelwe yizinhlobo eziyi-18 futhi ajwayelekile.
Isici esiyinhloko nokuziqhenya kwesiqiwu ukuhlala kwezinyathi ezingaba ngu-50-60 nezinyathi eziyi-5 zaseMelika ezisendaweni yayo. Lezi zangaphambili zigcinwa ziseduze kakhulu nemvelo yazo endaweni ebiyelwe engamahektha angama-200 ukuze kubuyiswe inani labantu, laba bokugcina - ukuthola imininingwane yocwaningo mayelana nokuzivumelanisa nezimo kanye nokubonisa izilwane kubavakashi. Ukusongelwa kokuqothulwa kwalezi zinhlobo kwakungaphezu kokubambekayo, ngaphandle kokuba khona kwenkulisa ephakathi nendawo ye-Prioksko-Terrasny reserve kanye nezindawo ezifanayo ezivikelwe kwamanye amazwe, izizukulwane ezalandela zazizobona kuphela ezithombeni nasezithombeni.
Eminyakeni yokusebenza kwalenkulisa, kwazalwa futhi kwakhuliswa izinyathi ezingaphezu kwama-600, ezihlala emahlathini aseRussia, eBelarus, e-Ukraine naseLithuania ukuze kubuyiselwe isakhi sofuzo semvelo. Ngamathuba alinganiselwayo okugcina izilwane ezifika ku-60 enkulisa, akukho abantu abakhulu abangaphezu kwama-25 abahlala lapho unomphela. Ngaphandle kokuqedwa kosongo olusobala lokuqothulwa kwabantu babo ebusweni bomhlaba (ngaphezulu kwama-2/3 wamakhanda ayi-7000 ahlala endle), umsebenzi wokubuyiselwa kwezinyoni endaweni yemvelo kuyaqhubeka, isigaba sezinyathi siwokuqala kwiRed Book yaseRussia. Ngokuqondile eRussian Federation, izilwane ezincane zithuthelwa emahlathini ezifunda zaseSmolensk, Bryankovsk naseKaluga, amathuba okusinda nokuzala kwazo ngokuzimela maningi impela.
Ungafika kanjani esizeni
Lapho uhamba ngemoto yakho noma eqashiwe, kufanele uqondiswe ikheli: Isifunda saseMoscow, iSerpukhovsky District, iDanki. Lapho ushiya iMoscow, udinga ukuhambela eningizimu ugudle umgwaqo u-E-95 no-M2 uze ufike kuzimpawu ezithi "Serpukhov / Danki" kanye "neZapovednik". Uma usebenzisa izithuthi zomphakathi, umgwaqo uzothatha isikhathi eside: okokuqala, ngesitimela udinga ukufika esiteshini. ISerpukhov (cishe amahora amabili ukusuka esiteshini sesitimela saseKursk), bese kuba ngamabhasi (imizila engu-21, 25 no-31, okungenani imizuzu engama-35 isendleleni) - ngqo esitobhini. "Gcina". Imvamisa yokuhamba kwebhasi ayibi futhi kuyanconywa ukuthi uqale uhambo ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka lapho ukhetha le nketho.
Imininingwane yezivakashi
IPreoksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve ivulekele ukuvakashelwa nsuku zonke, kusukela ngoMsombuluko kuya kuLwesihlanu ukuvakasha kuqala ngo-11: 00, 13:00 no-15: 00, ngezimpelasonto nangamaholide - ngehora, kusukela ngo-9: 00 kuya ku-16: 00. Uhambo lomuntu ngamunye kufanele kuvunyelwane ngalo ngaphambi kwesikhathi, iqembu lihamba ngokuya ngeqoqo labantu abadala abahlanu kuya kwabangama-30. Ngeke ukwazi ukungena endaweni yokubekisa ngaphandle kokuphelezelwa kwabasebenzi.
Intengo yamathikithi incike kumzila okhethiwe (ubuncane bama-ruble angama-400 kubantu abadala kanye nama-200 ezingane ezisukela eminyakeni engu-7 kuya kwengu-17 ubudala). Ukuvakashela umzila ophakeme kakhulu nepaki yemvelo ikhokhwa ngokwehlukile. Izivakashi zeminyaka yasenkulisa zingena mahhala kuleyo nsimu, kuncike ekunikezelweni kwemibhalo efanele kanye nokukhishwa kwephasi ekuphumeni.
Lapho uhlela uhambo, kufanelekile ukukhumbula ubungozi bokulahleka kweqembu phakathi nezinsuku kanye noshintsho olunokwenzeka emahoreni okuvula ngamaholide. I-Eco-trail "Esebenzisa amahlamvu" ne-eco-park "iDerevo-Dom" ivaliwe ebusika, ngesikhathi esifanayo kunconywa ukuthi ugqoke ngokufudumele ngangokunokwenzeka ekuhambeni (amahora angu-1.5-2 wokuhamba ngesimo sezulu esisezingeni eliphakathi nezwekazi lilawula izimo zabo, ikhava leqhwa ezindaweni ezingcolile kufinyelela ku-50 cm). Akufanele unqabe uhambo ngalesi sikhathi - kusebusika nasesikhathini sonyaka lapho imfuyo eminingi iya khona emikhombeni yokudla, ezinyonini zasehlobo nasezinyonini kuya ekujuleni.
Sikukwazisa ukuthi ubheke ama-Tauric Chersonesos.
Kunemithetho eqinile endaweni yokuvakasha (kufaka phakathi ukuvinjelwa kokuhamba nezilwane ezifuywayo) okuhloswe ngayo ukuphepha kwale ndawo eyingqayizivele nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwezivakashi ngokwazo, abaphula umthetho bakhokha inhlawulo yama-ruble ayi-5 000.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo neziphakamiso
Imisebenzi ye-Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve ihloselwe ukuvikela izakhiwo zemvelo nezinto, ukuqoqa imininingwane yesayensi, ukuzalanisa inyathi nemfundo yezemvelo. Kepha lokhu akusho ukwenqaba ukuheha izivakashi; ngaphezu kwalokho, kwethulwe izinhlelo ezikhethekile nokunikezwa ukukhulisa ukuhamba kwezivakashi. Okungajwayelekile kakhulu kubo kwakuwuhlelo lwe- "Adopt a Bison" ngokuhlinzekwa kwesondlo sonyaka somuntu omthandayo kanye nokukhethwa kwegama lenyathi encane. Ngasikhathi sinye, abaphathi abawushiyi umthetho ohlekisayo we-International Crane Studbook ophathelene nenyathi - wonke amagama amazinyane aqala ngohlamvu lwamagama "Mu" noma "Mo".
Intshisekelo yezivakashi eProvoksko-Terrasny Reserve nayo ikhangwa yi:
- Ukugibela ibhaluni lomoya oshisayo nokugibela amahhashi.
- Zonke izinhlobo zezenzo, kufaka phakathi i-All-Russian Children's Ecological Festival kanye "nezinsuku ezivulekile" zezinsizakalo zokuzithandela nabaqhubi bezokuvakasha. Ukukhushulwa okuningi nezingqungquthela zakwamanye amazwe, izimemezelo zalowo nalowo kuzo zifakwa kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni.
- Amandla okubuka izilwane embhoshongweni wamamitha ama-5.
- Ukufinyelela kwamahhala ekwakhiweni kobuciko "Izinkathi Zonyaka" ngemifanekiso ye-3D yenyathi nokubukisa indawo.
